前置式厌氧氨氧化—亚硝化MBR耦合工艺性能研究
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摘要
开发高效、低耗的新型生物脱氮工艺,已经成为当今水污染控制领域的研究热点。亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化组合工艺作为一种新型的组合式自养脱氮技术,具有不需外加碳源、运行费用低、节省供氧量及能耗等优点,因此具有广泛的应用前景。但是,传统的后置式ANAMMOX组合工艺依然存在不足,例如要求基质中NO2--N／NH4+-N的比值接近1.32,否则会影响全流程的脱氮效率；如果基质中NO2-N、溶解氧和有机物浓度过高,会对ANAMMOX菌的活性产生抑制作用,这样就降低了反应器脱氮效果。
针对目前后置式ANAMMOX组合工艺存在的缺陷,本文采用前置式厌氧氨氧化-亚硝化工艺,研究了以ANAMMOX技术为基础的厌氧氨氧化-亚硝化膜生物反应器(MBR)耦合工艺处理废水的可行性,研究取得的主要结果如下：
(1)控制pH8.0左右、温度32±1℃以及DO浓度≤1.0 mg／L,亚硝化反应器中能够实现NO2--N的大量富集；高FA浓度可以抑制NOB的活性；亚硝化反应器可以在COD浓度≤100 mg／L(COD／NH4+-N≤0.25)的情况下实现稳定运行。
(2)厌氧氨氧化反应器在有溶解氧存在的条件下稳定运行后,反应器对NH4+-N、NO2--N和TN的平均去除负荷分别为0.68 kg.N／(m3·d)、0.73 kg·N／(m3·d)和1.29kg.N／(m3·d)。处理含COD废水时,反应器对NH4+-N、N02-N和TN的平均去除负荷分别为0.67 kg.N／(m3·d)、0.74 kg·N／(m3·d)和1.32 kg.N／(m3·d)。
(3)厌氧氨氧化-亚硝化两个反应器耦合后,最佳控制工艺条件为：系统温度32±1℃、pH=8.0、HRT为12 h,回流比为200%,在进水NH4+-N浓度为300 mg／L, COD浓度≤150 mg/L(COD／NH4+-N≤0.5),亚硝化反应器DO≤1 mg／L时,出水中各氮化物的去除效果有明显改善。对NH4+-N和TN的平均去除负荷分别为0.59 kg.N／(m3·d)和0.47 kg.N／(m3·d)。
(4)利用前置式厌氧氨氧化工艺处理实际污水,控制HRT为12 h、回流比至200%时,当系统运行稳定后,系统对NH4+-N和TN的平均去除负荷分别为0.50 kg·N／(m3·d)和0.40 kg·N／(m3·d),出水中NH4+-N、NO2--N和COD的平均浓度分别为1.38 mg／L、38.92mg/L和15.78 mg/L。研究结果表明,前置式厌氧氨氧化工艺可以处理高氨氮和低C／N比城市污水。
The exploitation of new effective and low-cost biological nitrogen removal processes has recently been a research focus in water pollution control field. As a new autotrophic nitrogen removal technology, the combined anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) reaction with partial nitrification has the advantages of no organic carbon addition, low operating cost, low oxygen and energy consumption, which contribute to its wide application prospects. However, this postpositional ANAMMOX combined process still has deficiencies. For instance, the ratio of NO2--N/NH4+-N in the partial nitrification effluent is the key operation condition for the combined partial nitrification/ANAMMOX process (1.32 as required), which is difficult to achieve, but very important and necessary. Once NO2--N, dissolved oxygen and organics concentrations in the effluent are beyond the preferred value, ANAMMOX bacteria will be inhibited in this process, leading to the decline of nitrogen removal efficiency.
To solve these problems, reverse ANAMMOX and partial nitrification with MBR features was combined, the new integrated process was studied in this thesis, and the main conclusions are as follows:
(1) Nitrite accumulation could be achieved when the pH value was about 8, the reactor at 32±1℃and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration was equal to or lower than 1.0 mg/L in partial nitrification reactor. High concentration of free ammonia is a crucial and useful factor, which could inhibit the activities of nitrite oxidizing bacteria. The stable operation of partial nitrification could be realized under COD concentration equal or lower than 100 mg/L (COD/ NH4+-N≤0.25).
(2) When the operation was stable, the results showed that the ANAMMOX consortium was found adapted to the wastewater containing dissolved oxygen (DO), with the average removal rates of NH4+-N, NO2--N and TN at 0.68 kg-N/(m3-d),0.73 kg-N/(m3-d) and 1.29 kg-N/(m3·d). After COD was added into the influent, the average removal rates of NH4+-N, NO2--N and TN were 0.67 kg-N/(m3-d),0.74 kg-N/(m3·d) and 1.32 kg-N/(m3-d).
(3) The best operation condition for the reverse anammox/partial nitrification process is: the temperature at 32±1℃, pH value at 8, the hydraulic retention time (HRT) at 12 h, and the recycle ratio at 200%. The removal efficiencies of various nitrogen compounds in the effluent were improved obviously after the NH4+-N concentration is 300 mg/L, COD concentration equal or lower than 150 mg/L (COD/NH4+-N≤0.5), and DO equal or lower than1 mg/L. The average removal rates of NH4+-N and TN in reverse process were 0.59 kg-N/(m3·d) and 0.47 kg-N/(m3-d).
(4) Utilizing the reverse process to treat real high ammonium wastewater, HRT at 12h, and the recycle ratio at 200%, the average removal rates of NH4+-N and TN were 0.50 kg-N/(m3·d) and 0.40 kg-N/(m3·d), and the concentrations of NH4+-N, NO2--N and COD were 1.38 mg/L,38.92 mg/L and 15.78 mg/L respectively when the operation was stable. The result shows that this reverse ANAMMOX/partial nitrification process can treat special wastewater with high NH4+-N and low C/N rate.
针对目前后置式ANAMMOX组合工艺存在的缺陷,本文采用前置式厌氧氨氧化-亚硝化工艺,研究了以ANAMMOX技术为基础的厌氧氨氧化-亚硝化膜生物反应器(MBR)耦合工艺处理废水的可行性,研究取得的主要结果如下：
(1)控制pH8.0左右、温度32±1℃以及DO浓度≤1.0 mg／L,亚硝化反应器中能够实现NO2--N的大量富集；高FA浓度可以抑制NOB的活性；亚硝化反应器可以在COD浓度≤100 mg／L(COD／NH4+-N≤0.25)的情况下实现稳定运行。
(2)厌氧氨氧化反应器在有溶解氧存在的条件下稳定运行后,反应器对NH4+-N、NO2--N和TN的平均去除负荷分别为0.68 kg.N／(m3·d)、0.73 kg·N／(m3·d)和1.29kg.N／(m3·d)。处理含COD废水时,反应器对NH4+-N、N02-N和TN的平均去除负荷分别为0.67 kg.N／(m3·d)、0.74 kg·N／(m3·d)和1.32 kg.N／(m3·d)。
(3)厌氧氨氧化-亚硝化两个反应器耦合后,最佳控制工艺条件为：系统温度32±1℃、pH=8.0、HRT为12 h,回流比为200%,在进水NH4+-N浓度为300 mg／L, COD浓度≤150 mg/L(COD／NH4+-N≤0.5),亚硝化反应器DO≤1 mg／L时,出水中各氮化物的去除效果有明显改善。对NH4+-N和TN的平均去除负荷分别为0.59 kg.N／(m3·d)和0.47 kg.N／(m3·d)。
(4)利用前置式厌氧氨氧化工艺处理实际污水,控制HRT为12 h、回流比至200%时,当系统运行稳定后,系统对NH4+-N和TN的平均去除负荷分别为0.50 kg·N／(m3·d)和0.40 kg·N／(m3·d),出水中NH4+-N、NO2--N和COD的平均浓度分别为1.38 mg／L、38.92mg/L和15.78 mg/L。研究结果表明,前置式厌氧氨氧化工艺可以处理高氨氮和低C／N比城市污水。
The exploitation of new effective and low-cost biological nitrogen removal processes has recently been a research focus in water pollution control field. As a new autotrophic nitrogen removal technology, the combined anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) reaction with partial nitrification has the advantages of no organic carbon addition, low operating cost, low oxygen and energy consumption, which contribute to its wide application prospects. However, this postpositional ANAMMOX combined process still has deficiencies. For instance, the ratio of NO2--N/NH4+-N in the partial nitrification effluent is the key operation condition for the combined partial nitrification/ANAMMOX process (1.32 as required), which is difficult to achieve, but very important and necessary. Once NO2--N, dissolved oxygen and organics concentrations in the effluent are beyond the preferred value, ANAMMOX bacteria will be inhibited in this process, leading to the decline of nitrogen removal efficiency.
To solve these problems, reverse ANAMMOX and partial nitrification with MBR features was combined, the new integrated process was studied in this thesis, and the main conclusions are as follows:
(1) Nitrite accumulation could be achieved when the pH value was about 8, the reactor at 32±1℃and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration was equal to or lower than 1.0 mg/L in partial nitrification reactor. High concentration of free ammonia is a crucial and useful factor, which could inhibit the activities of nitrite oxidizing bacteria. The stable operation of partial nitrification could be realized under COD concentration equal or lower than 100 mg/L (COD/ NH4+-N≤0.25).
(2) When the operation was stable, the results showed that the ANAMMOX consortium was found adapted to the wastewater containing dissolved oxygen (DO), with the average removal rates of NH4+-N, NO2--N and TN at 0.68 kg-N/(m3-d),0.73 kg-N/(m3-d) and 1.29 kg-N/(m3·d). After COD was added into the influent, the average removal rates of NH4+-N, NO2--N and TN were 0.67 kg-N/(m3-d),0.74 kg-N/(m3·d) and 1.32 kg-N/(m3-d).
(3) The best operation condition for the reverse anammox/partial nitrification process is: the temperature at 32±1℃, pH value at 8, the hydraulic retention time (HRT) at 12 h, and the recycle ratio at 200%. The removal efficiencies of various nitrogen compounds in the effluent were improved obviously after the NH4+-N concentration is 300 mg/L, COD concentration equal or lower than 150 mg/L (COD/NH4+-N≤0.5), and DO equal or lower than1 mg/L. The average removal rates of NH4+-N and TN in reverse process were 0.59 kg-N/(m3·d) and 0.47 kg-N/(m3-d).
(4) Utilizing the reverse process to treat real high ammonium wastewater, HRT at 12h, and the recycle ratio at 200%, the average removal rates of NH4+-N and TN were 0.50 kg-N/(m3·d) and 0.40 kg-N/(m3·d), and the concentrations of NH4+-N, NO2--N and COD were 1.38 mg/L,38.92 mg/L and 15.78 mg/L respectively when the operation was stable. The result shows that this reverse ANAMMOX/partial nitrification process can treat special wastewater with high NH4+-N and low C/N rate.
引文
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