核桃叶生物活性成分的研究（Ⅰ）
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摘要
本论文对植物化感作用的研究概况和核桃属植物化学成分及生物活性研究进展作简要综述，并对核桃叶中乙酸乙酯部分和石油醚提取物化学成分进行了研究，以及乙醇浸膏、乙酸乙酯浸膏和化合物Ⅱ的化感活性、化合物Ⅱ的抑菌活性进行了测定分析。
采用溶剂提取、柱层析分离等方法，得到2个黄酮醇类化合物，经物理常数测定，化学定性反应和光谱测定(~1HNMR，~(13)CNMR，IR，UV,EI-MS，FAB-MS，HSQC)，化合物Ⅱ鉴定为山柰酚-3-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖苷，初步确定化合物Ⅰ是山柰酚；通过种子发芽及生长试验，测定出乙酸乙酯浸膏部分在浓度Ⅲ(0.019g.ml~(-1))时，化感活性(抑制)作用最强，化合物Ⅱ则表现出低促(200μg·ml~(-1))高抑(800μg·ml~(-1))的效果；化合物Ⅱ在100μg·ml~(-1)时对枯草杆菌有较高的杀菌活性，在三种浓度下(100μg·ml~(-1)，200μg·ml~(-1)，400μg·ml~(-1))对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、康氏木霉有微弱的杀菌活性，而对青霉和黄曲霉无杀菌活性；核桃叶石油醚提取物经GC-MS分析鉴定出13种化合物，其含量为总量的73.486％。文献报道胡桃醌是已知核桃属植物起化感作用的物质，本研究结果首次表明：黄酮醇类化合物也是核桃叶中的化感物质。这为开发新型环保生物源农药(如除草剂)提供了新的依据，同时也为核桃叶这一丰富的再生资源的开发利用开辟了一条新的途径。
Two flavonoides were isolated from the dried leaves of Juglans regia. Their chemical structures were elucidated as kaempferol(I), kaempferol-3-0-arafuranoside (II), respectively, by means of spctroscopic analysis(1 HMMR,13CMMR, IR, UV, EI-MS, FAB-MS, HSQC), chemical reaction, and by companon of the spectral data of the known compounds. It was found that ethylacetate extract significantly inhibited lettuce seed germination, root and seedling growth at concentration 111(0.019g-ml-1), indicating that that ethylacetate part had potent allelopathy. Compound II promoted the lettuce growth at low concentration (200 g-ml-1)and inhibited the growth at high concentration (800 g-mT-1). Compound II showed excellent fungicidal activities against Bacillus subtilis at the dosage of 100 g-ml-1, weak effect against Staphylococcus auraeus , Trichodermin. E.coli at the dosage of 100 g-ml-1, 200 g-ml-1, 400 g-ml-1, and inactive to Penicillium sp and Aspergillus sp. Thirteen compounds from petroleumether extract were identified by GC-MS, and the content amounts to 73.486% in total. Juglone has been considered to be the major allelochemical ofjuglans plants in the past years, but our studies firstly show that flavonoides are important allelochemicals in the leaves ofjuglans regia. This will offer new evidence for exploiting environment-friendly herbicides.
采用溶剂提取、柱层析分离等方法，得到2个黄酮醇类化合物，经物理常数测定，化学定性反应和光谱测定(~1HNMR，~(13)CNMR，IR，UV,EI-MS，FAB-MS，HSQC)，化合物Ⅱ鉴定为山柰酚-3-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖苷，初步确定化合物Ⅰ是山柰酚；通过种子发芽及生长试验，测定出乙酸乙酯浸膏部分在浓度Ⅲ(0.019g.ml~(-1))时，化感活性(抑制)作用最强，化合物Ⅱ则表现出低促(200μg·ml~(-1))高抑(800μg·ml~(-1))的效果；化合物Ⅱ在100μg·ml~(-1)时对枯草杆菌有较高的杀菌活性，在三种浓度下(100μg·ml~(-1)，200μg·ml~(-1)，400μg·ml~(-1))对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、康氏木霉有微弱的杀菌活性，而对青霉和黄曲霉无杀菌活性；核桃叶石油醚提取物经GC-MS分析鉴定出13种化合物，其含量为总量的73.486％。文献报道胡桃醌是已知核桃属植物起化感作用的物质，本研究结果首次表明：黄酮醇类化合物也是核桃叶中的化感物质。这为开发新型环保生物源农药(如除草剂)提供了新的依据，同时也为核桃叶这一丰富的再生资源的开发利用开辟了一条新的途径。
Two flavonoides were isolated from the dried leaves of Juglans regia. Their chemical structures were elucidated as kaempferol(I), kaempferol-3-0-arafuranoside (II), respectively, by means of spctroscopic analysis(1 HMMR,13CMMR, IR, UV, EI-MS, FAB-MS, HSQC), chemical reaction, and by companon of the spectral data of the known compounds. It was found that ethylacetate extract significantly inhibited lettuce seed germination, root and seedling growth at concentration 111(0.019g-ml-1), indicating that that ethylacetate part had potent allelopathy. Compound II promoted the lettuce growth at low concentration (200 g-ml-1)and inhibited the growth at high concentration (800 g-mT-1). Compound II showed excellent fungicidal activities against Bacillus subtilis at the dosage of 100 g-ml-1, weak effect against Staphylococcus auraeus , Trichodermin. E.coli at the dosage of 100 g-ml-1, 200 g-ml-1, 400 g-ml-1, and inactive to Penicillium sp and Aspergillus sp. Thirteen compounds from petroleumether extract were identified by GC-MS, and the content amounts to 73.486% in total. Juglone has been considered to be the major allelochemical ofjuglans plants in the past years, but our studies firstly show that flavonoides are important allelochemicals in the leaves ofjuglans regia. This will offer new evidence for exploiting environment-friendly herbicides.
引文
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