基于生态学的企业竞争优势研究
|
摘要
跨入二十一世纪,伴随着世界经济全球化的脚步,企业间的竞争也逐渐加剧。当今企业界的规模庞大,而且关系复杂。同一行业间的企业相互竞争。上下游企业间在供货与采购上也基于自身利益选择各自的采购商与供应商。自然界存在众多生物,它们之间充满竞争和捕食被捕食情况,就如同当今的企业界一样。因此,我们可以模仿生物界的情况研究当今企业界的竞争。同时,利用生态学知识研究企业竞争的课题正处于起步阶段。本文主要根据生态学知识研究当今企业的竞争优势以及上下游企业问题。本文所作的主要工作有以下几点:
首先,系统地介绍了基于生态学的企业研究的相关知识。比如,基于企业生存空间、企业生存链与生存网、企业进化等内容。
其次,模仿生态学中的logistic增长模型和Lotka—Volterra捕食模型,建立了研究同一生态域企业竞争优势的logistic模型和上下游企业间的Lotka—Volterra模型,并且在此基础上进行相关分析。
最后,以当今CPU市场为案例,利用企业竞争优势的logistic模型进行分析,得出了AMD和INTEL的产品竞争优势结论,并且基于模型提出了各自提升竞争能力的竞争策略。本文还以当今电脑显示芯片市场为案例,对利用上下游企业间的Lotka—Volterra模型得出的相关结论进行检验。
Striding into the twenty-first century, being accompanying globalization step of world economy, the competition of enterprise room aggravates step by step. The scale of the business circles is ample, and the relation is complicated. The enterprises of the same industry room compete mutually. Upstream enterprise will choose the purchasing company on the self-interest. Downstream enterprise will also choose the suppliers on the self-interest. There are a lot of living things in Nature. There is a lot of competition, preying and being preyed between them like business circles. So we can study competition of the business circles in the nowadays by imitating biosphere. The problem of studying enterprise competes by making use of ecology knowledge is in starting phase. Mainly according to ecology knowledge, this paper studies the competitive edge of the enterprise and the problem of the upstream enterprise and the downstream enterprise. The main working of this paper is the following:
First, we have introduced the relevance knowledge of the ecology enterprise systematically. For example, we have introduced the knowledge of the enterprise's living space, enterprise's food chain and food net, enterprise's evolution and so on.
Then, by imitating logistic model of ecology increasing and the Lotka—Volterra predation's model, we build the logistic model of the studying the competitive edge of the enterprise in the same organism's habits region and the Lotka—Volterra model of the studying problem of the upstream enterprise and the downstream enterprise. At the end, by using the logistic model of the studying the competitive edge, we study the market of CPU nowadays. We get the product competitive edge conclusion between AMD and INTEL. We also give the competition tactics of their lifting competitiveness. By using the Lotka—Volterra model of the studying problem of the upstream enterprise and the downstream enterprise, we study the market of GPU nowadays. We check the relevance conclusion from studying Lotka—Volterra model of the studying problem of the upstream enterprise and the downstream enterprise.
首先,系统地介绍了基于生态学的企业研究的相关知识。比如,基于企业生存空间、企业生存链与生存网、企业进化等内容。
其次,模仿生态学中的logistic增长模型和Lotka—Volterra捕食模型,建立了研究同一生态域企业竞争优势的logistic模型和上下游企业间的Lotka—Volterra模型,并且在此基础上进行相关分析。
最后,以当今CPU市场为案例,利用企业竞争优势的logistic模型进行分析,得出了AMD和INTEL的产品竞争优势结论,并且基于模型提出了各自提升竞争能力的竞争策略。本文还以当今电脑显示芯片市场为案例,对利用上下游企业间的Lotka—Volterra模型得出的相关结论进行检验。
Striding into the twenty-first century, being accompanying globalization step of world economy, the competition of enterprise room aggravates step by step. The scale of the business circles is ample, and the relation is complicated. The enterprises of the same industry room compete mutually. Upstream enterprise will choose the purchasing company on the self-interest. Downstream enterprise will also choose the suppliers on the self-interest. There are a lot of living things in Nature. There is a lot of competition, preying and being preyed between them like business circles. So we can study competition of the business circles in the nowadays by imitating biosphere. The problem of studying enterprise competes by making use of ecology knowledge is in starting phase. Mainly according to ecology knowledge, this paper studies the competitive edge of the enterprise and the problem of the upstream enterprise and the downstream enterprise. The main working of this paper is the following:
First, we have introduced the relevance knowledge of the ecology enterprise systematically. For example, we have introduced the knowledge of the enterprise's living space, enterprise's food chain and food net, enterprise's evolution and so on.
Then, by imitating logistic model of ecology increasing and the Lotka—Volterra predation's model, we build the logistic model of the studying the competitive edge of the enterprise in the same organism's habits region and the Lotka—Volterra model of the studying problem of the upstream enterprise and the downstream enterprise. At the end, by using the logistic model of the studying the competitive edge, we study the market of CPU nowadays. We get the product competitive edge conclusion between AMD and INTEL. We also give the competition tactics of their lifting competitiveness. By using the Lotka—Volterra model of the studying problem of the upstream enterprise and the downstream enterprise, we study the market of GPU nowadays. We check the relevance conclusion from studying Lotka—Volterra model of the studying problem of the upstream enterprise and the downstream enterprise.
引文
[1]Hoshii Iwao, The Dynamics of Japan’s Business Evolution, Orient/West, Tokyo: Philadelphia, 1996: 2-30
[2]Winston Rudolph Jr 、 Heiko Lance , Just-in-Time and Small Business Evolution, Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 1990, 4(4): 51-64
[3]Shiro Yoshinori, A Method of “Enterprise Evolution” by “Corporate Communication”, Special Issue: Arrival of Soft Restructuring Age of Enterprises JMA Janaru, 1991, 10(3): 21-24
[4]Mckenney James L, Waves of Change, Business Evolution through Information Technology, Boston, Mass: Harvard Business School Press, 1995: 15-35
[5]Dehler Gordon, The T-Form Organization, Using Technology to Design Organizations for the 21st Century and Waves of Change: Business Evolution through Information Technology, Journal of Engineering & Technology Management, 1996, 3(3,4): 315-319
[6]Takamatsu Yuji、 Ishibashi A、 Akagawa F、 Kishino K, Business Evolution through CALS, Hitcahi Review, 19971, 46(4): 169-174
[7]Takamatsu Yuji、 Agagawa Fumio、 Ishibashi Akira、 Kishino Kiyotaka, Business Evolution through CALS, Hitachi Hyoron, 1997, 79(5): 431-436
[8]Suan, Tan Sen, Enterprise Ecology, Singapore Management Review, 1996, 8(2): 51-63
[9][美]迈克尔 波特主编,竞争战略,中国对外贸易出版社,1999:33-40
[10]人民日报特约评论员,用利润指标衡量企业效益,人民日报,1995 年 5 月 7 日第 2 版
[11]Aubin J P. Viability Theory. Boston:Birkhauser,1991:65-89
[12]陈天乙,生态学基础教程,天津:南开大学出版社,1995:15-20
[13]尚玉昌、蔡晓明,普通生态学(上册),北京:北京大学出版社,1992:30-41
[14]马世骏,现代生物学透视,北京:科学出版社,1990:53-62
[15]达尔文,物种起源,北京:科学出版社,1972:33-45
[16]张昀,生物进化,北京:北京大学出版社,1998:26-35
[17]郑师章、吴千红、王海波、陶云,普通生态学—原理、方法和应用,上海:复旦大学出版社,1994:78-90
[18]尚玉昌、蔡晓明,普通生态学(上册),北京:北京大学出版社,1992:85-100
[19]尚玉昌、蔡晓明,普通生态学(上册),北京:北京大学出版社,1992:113-120
[20]陈天乙,生态学基础教程,天津:南开大学出版社,1995:25-41
[21]达尔文,物种起源,北京:科学出版社,1972:62-78
[22]赵凯华、罗蔚英,新概念物理教程,北京:高等教育出版社,1995:38-48
[23]拉马克,动物哲学,北京:商务印书馆,1936:23-35
[24]达尔文,物种起源,北京:科学出版社,1972:43-56
[25]孟德尔,植物杂交的试验,北京:高等教育出版社,1990:26-38
[26]李难,进化论教程,北京:高等教育出版社,1998:85-93
[27]张昀,生物进化,北京:北京大学出版社,1998:100-108
[28]阎人军,考工记导读,第二版,成都:巴蜀书社,1996:62—79
[29]宋则行、樊亢,世界经济史,第二版,北京:经济科学出版社,1998:35-52
[30]甘德安,知识经济创新论,武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1997:23-41
[31]杨忠直,科学技术向生产力转化过程中的若干问题研究,自然辩证法研究,1996,12(8):54-58
[32]裴新澍,生物进化控制论,北京:科学出版社,1998:73—81
[33]黄秉宪,韩秀苓,生物控制论基础,北京:北京理工大学出版社,1991:96-107
[34]陈新海、李言俊、周军,自适应控制及应用,西安:西北工业大学出版社,1998:114—123
[35]韩曾晋,自适应控制,北京:清华大学出版社,1995:53—67
[36]Micolis G,Prigogine I,Self-Organization in Nonequilibrium Systems,NewYork: John Wiley & Sons, 1977:118—143
[37]沈小峰、胡岗、姜璐,耗散结构论,上海:上海人民出版社,1987:47—55
[38]伊 普里戈金,伊 期唐热,从混沌到有序,上海:上海译文出版社,1987:69—81
[39]陈天乙,关于逻辑斯谛方程的推导,南开大学出版社,1995:50-52
[40]陈天乙,关于洛特卡-沃尔泰勒方程的推导,南开大学出版社,1995:65—69
[41]同济大学教研室,高等数学(上册),高等教育出版社,1988:93-106
[42]同济大学教研室,高等数学(上册),高等教育出版社,1988:181-200
[43]杨锡怀,企业战略管理,高等教育出版社,1999:158-161
[2]Winston Rudolph Jr 、 Heiko Lance , Just-in-Time and Small Business Evolution, Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 1990, 4(4): 51-64
[3]Shiro Yoshinori, A Method of “Enterprise Evolution” by “Corporate Communication”, Special Issue: Arrival of Soft Restructuring Age of Enterprises JMA Janaru, 1991, 10(3): 21-24
[4]Mckenney James L, Waves of Change, Business Evolution through Information Technology, Boston, Mass: Harvard Business School Press, 1995: 15-35
[5]Dehler Gordon, The T-Form Organization, Using Technology to Design Organizations for the 21st Century and Waves of Change: Business Evolution through Information Technology, Journal of Engineering & Technology Management, 1996, 3(3,4): 315-319
[6]Takamatsu Yuji、 Ishibashi A、 Akagawa F、 Kishino K, Business Evolution through CALS, Hitcahi Review, 19971, 46(4): 169-174
[7]Takamatsu Yuji、 Agagawa Fumio、 Ishibashi Akira、 Kishino Kiyotaka, Business Evolution through CALS, Hitachi Hyoron, 1997, 79(5): 431-436
[8]Suan, Tan Sen, Enterprise Ecology, Singapore Management Review, 1996, 8(2): 51-63
[9][美]迈克尔 波特主编,竞争战略,中国对外贸易出版社,1999:33-40
[10]人民日报特约评论员,用利润指标衡量企业效益,人民日报,1995 年 5 月 7 日第 2 版
[11]Aubin J P. Viability Theory. Boston:Birkhauser,1991:65-89
[12]陈天乙,生态学基础教程,天津:南开大学出版社,1995:15-20
[13]尚玉昌、蔡晓明,普通生态学(上册),北京:北京大学出版社,1992:30-41
[14]马世骏,现代生物学透视,北京:科学出版社,1990:53-62
[15]达尔文,物种起源,北京:科学出版社,1972:33-45
[16]张昀,生物进化,北京:北京大学出版社,1998:26-35
[17]郑师章、吴千红、王海波、陶云,普通生态学—原理、方法和应用,上海:复旦大学出版社,1994:78-90
[18]尚玉昌、蔡晓明,普通生态学(上册),北京:北京大学出版社,1992:85-100
[19]尚玉昌、蔡晓明,普通生态学(上册),北京:北京大学出版社,1992:113-120
[20]陈天乙,生态学基础教程,天津:南开大学出版社,1995:25-41
[21]达尔文,物种起源,北京:科学出版社,1972:62-78
[22]赵凯华、罗蔚英,新概念物理教程,北京:高等教育出版社,1995:38-48
[23]拉马克,动物哲学,北京:商务印书馆,1936:23-35
[24]达尔文,物种起源,北京:科学出版社,1972:43-56
[25]孟德尔,植物杂交的试验,北京:高等教育出版社,1990:26-38
[26]李难,进化论教程,北京:高等教育出版社,1998:85-93
[27]张昀,生物进化,北京:北京大学出版社,1998:100-108
[28]阎人军,考工记导读,第二版,成都:巴蜀书社,1996:62—79
[29]宋则行、樊亢,世界经济史,第二版,北京:经济科学出版社,1998:35-52
[30]甘德安,知识经济创新论,武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1997:23-41
[31]杨忠直,科学技术向生产力转化过程中的若干问题研究,自然辩证法研究,1996,12(8):54-58
[32]裴新澍,生物进化控制论,北京:科学出版社,1998:73—81
[33]黄秉宪,韩秀苓,生物控制论基础,北京:北京理工大学出版社,1991:96-107
[34]陈新海、李言俊、周军,自适应控制及应用,西安:西北工业大学出版社,1998:114—123
[35]韩曾晋,自适应控制,北京:清华大学出版社,1995:53—67
[36]Micolis G,Prigogine I,Self-Organization in Nonequilibrium Systems,NewYork: John Wiley & Sons, 1977:118—143
[37]沈小峰、胡岗、姜璐,耗散结构论,上海:上海人民出版社,1987:47—55
[38]伊 普里戈金,伊 期唐热,从混沌到有序,上海:上海译文出版社,1987:69—81
[39]陈天乙,关于逻辑斯谛方程的推导,南开大学出版社,1995:50-52
[40]陈天乙,关于洛特卡-沃尔泰勒方程的推导,南开大学出版社,1995:65—69
[41]同济大学教研室,高等数学(上册),高等教育出版社,1988:93-106
[42]同济大学教研室,高等数学(上册),高等教育出版社,1988:181-200
[43]杨锡怀,企业战略管理,高等教育出版社,1999:158-161