供应链环境下养猪场户质量安全行为的实证研究
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摘要
我国是世界上最大的猪肉生产和消费大国,但我国猪肉质量安全状况差,既影响了国人的身心健康,又制约着猪肉产业国际竞争力的提升。如何加快优质猪肉生产已成为政府、学者和广大消费者共同关心的重大现实问题,迫切需要解决。根据供应链环境下猪肉质量的形成过程及其影响因素,猪肉质量安全问题不单纯是某个环节的问题,而是供应链各环节综合作用的结果。养猪场户作为猪肉供应链的源头,其质量安全行为直接影响生猪质量安全,进而影响猪肉质量安全。因此本文在文献查阅、专家访谈、实地调研的基础上,依据猪肉质量形成的相关理论,综合运用系统分析、统计分析、结构分析等方法,重点从基础理论、行为描述性分析、良好行为意愿计量分析、良好行为意愿影响因素结构分析和行为优化对策建议等五方面,实证研究供应链环境下养猪场户的质量安全行为。
对优质猪肉和优质猪肉供应链的系统认识是本文研究的理论基础。本部分在概述优质猪肉和优质猪肉供应链的概念、内涵、结构、特征和定位的基础上,重点分析了供应链环境下猪肉质量的形成过程和养猪场户质量安全行为对生猪质量乃至猪肉质量的影响。研究表明,优质猪肉是一个整体产品概念,优质猪肉供应链是一种质量安全型供应链,猪肉质量是养猪场户、生猪屠宰加工企业和超市既独立发挥作用又相互合作协调的结果。作为优质猪肉供应链的源头,养猪场户在投入品、疫病防疫、养殖档案、饲养环境、动物福利、无害化处理等方面的认知与行为直接影响生猪质量,进而影响猪肉质量安全水平。
养猪场户质量安全行为的描述性分析是本文研究的重点内容。基于653家已与生猪屠宰加工企业建立合作关系的养猪场户的调查问卷资料,重点从投入品、疫病防疫、养殖档案和健康养殖等方面分析了养猪场户关于质量安全的认知与行为现状及其存在的问题。研究表明,受访养猪场户对种(仔)猪的质量和疫病传播作用有良好的认知,有较好的种(仔)猪采购和引进行为;对兽药潜在危害及合理使用、人员传播疫病、生猪耳标和健康养殖的认知度较低,在兽药(含疫苗)采购与使用、饲养员健康检查、养殖档案建设和动物福利改善等方面的行为不够规范。
养猪场户采用良好质量安全行为意愿影响因素分析是本文研究的关键内容。根据653份调查问卷数据,综合运用Logit二元选择模型和ISM解释性结构模型,较深入系统地确定并解析出了养猪场户采用良好质量安全行为意愿的影响因素及其结构关系。研究结果表明,养猪场户的决策者文化程度、饲养规模、饲养方式、行为态度、兽药使用认知度、药物残留危害认知度以及产地是否检验等7因素对养猪场户采用良好质量安全行为有不同程度的正影响;其中,文化程度、饲养规模和饲养方式,是深层次根源影响因素,兽药使用认知度和药物残留危害认知度是中间层间接因素,行为态度和产地是否检验是表象层直接因素。
改善和优化养猪场户质量安全行为是本文研究的落脚点。针对前文研究结果,分别从养猪场户自身、优质猪肉供应链和政府三方面提出优化养猪场户质量安全行为的对策建议。主要是:从自身角度,加强学习,转变养殖方式,改善猪舍环境,提高生猪福利等;从供应链角度,加强对养猪场户的组织培训、检查力度、资金支持、技术指导等;从政府角度,加强宣传、加大人才培养力度、加强产地检验力度等。
China is the largest pork producing and consuming country in the world, but its quality and safety level is relatively low, affecting physical and mental health of domestic consumers and restricting the pork industry to enhance international competitiveness. The issues how to speed up high quality pork production has attract the government, the academics and the consumers’attention, which need to solve urgently. According to the formation and influential factors of pork quality in supply chain environment, the quality and safety of pork is not a question of a part, but a result of the combined effects of the supply chain. As the source of high quality pork supply chain, the pig raiser’s quality security actions have great significance to the pig health and pork quality. Based on literatures analysis, expert interviews and investigation, this paper empirical analyses the pig raiser’s quality security actions by methods of systems analysis, statistical analysis and structural analysis.
The system awareness of high quality pork and high quality pork supply chain is the theoretical foundation of this paper. Based on the concept and content of high quality pork, and the concepts, structure, location of the high quality pork supply chain, this part analyzed the formation of pork quality in supply chain environment, and the influential factors of the pig raiser’s quality security actions to live pigs and to pork. Study shows that, high quality pork is an overall concept; high quality prok supply chain is the quality and safety supply chain; the pork quality is the cooperation and coordination result of pig farm households, pig slaughtering and processing enterprises and supermarkets. The pig farm household’s quality security behaviors influence the live pigs’quality from the aspects of the input, the disease prevention, the culture archives, the feeding environment, the animal welfare, the sound processing and so on.
The description analysis of the pig farm household’s quality security behaviors is the highlights of this paper. Based on the actual survey data of he pig farm household’s quality security behaviors, this part analysis the present situation and problems existed of the pig farm household’s conception and behaviors, from the aspects of the input, the disease prevention, the culture archives, the animal welfare and so on. Study shows that, the pig farm households have a good understanding of the quality of species (aberdeen) pigs, and have better procurement and introduction of species (aberdeen) pigs; the awareness of veterinary drug using and the harm of drug residue, the disease spreading, the pig ear tags and the healty culture is low, then the behavior of medicine (including vaccines) procurement and using, the raiser’s health check, the culture archives construction, and animal welfare improvements are not up to standard.
The study of the pig raiser’s willingness and influence factors of taking high quality security actions in high quality pork supply chain is the core of this paper. In this part, according to the survey data of 653 pig raisers, we analyzed the factors influencing the pig raiser’s willingness of taking high quality security actions in high quality pork supply chain, and their structural relationships using the Logistic Model and ISM. Study shows that, the education, the feeding size, the feeding methods, the attitude of actions, the understanding of veterinary drug using , the harm of drug residue, origin inspection and so on seven factors have positive impact on the pig raiser’s willingness. Then the education, the feeding size and the feeding methods are the basal factors influencing the pig raiser’s willingness of taking high quality security actions, the understanding of veterinary drug using and the harm of drug residue are the middle factors, and the attitude of actions and the origin inspection are the directly factors.
Optimizing the pig farm households’quality and safety behavior is the end-result of this paper. According to actual research and the results of Logistic Model and ISM, suggestions for optimizing the pig farm households’quality and safety behavior from the pig farm households, the high quality pork supply chain and the government and so on three aspects are proposed.
对优质猪肉和优质猪肉供应链的系统认识是本文研究的理论基础。本部分在概述优质猪肉和优质猪肉供应链的概念、内涵、结构、特征和定位的基础上,重点分析了供应链环境下猪肉质量的形成过程和养猪场户质量安全行为对生猪质量乃至猪肉质量的影响。研究表明,优质猪肉是一个整体产品概念,优质猪肉供应链是一种质量安全型供应链,猪肉质量是养猪场户、生猪屠宰加工企业和超市既独立发挥作用又相互合作协调的结果。作为优质猪肉供应链的源头,养猪场户在投入品、疫病防疫、养殖档案、饲养环境、动物福利、无害化处理等方面的认知与行为直接影响生猪质量,进而影响猪肉质量安全水平。
养猪场户质量安全行为的描述性分析是本文研究的重点内容。基于653家已与生猪屠宰加工企业建立合作关系的养猪场户的调查问卷资料,重点从投入品、疫病防疫、养殖档案和健康养殖等方面分析了养猪场户关于质量安全的认知与行为现状及其存在的问题。研究表明,受访养猪场户对种(仔)猪的质量和疫病传播作用有良好的认知,有较好的种(仔)猪采购和引进行为;对兽药潜在危害及合理使用、人员传播疫病、生猪耳标和健康养殖的认知度较低,在兽药(含疫苗)采购与使用、饲养员健康检查、养殖档案建设和动物福利改善等方面的行为不够规范。
养猪场户采用良好质量安全行为意愿影响因素分析是本文研究的关键内容。根据653份调查问卷数据,综合运用Logit二元选择模型和ISM解释性结构模型,较深入系统地确定并解析出了养猪场户采用良好质量安全行为意愿的影响因素及其结构关系。研究结果表明,养猪场户的决策者文化程度、饲养规模、饲养方式、行为态度、兽药使用认知度、药物残留危害认知度以及产地是否检验等7因素对养猪场户采用良好质量安全行为有不同程度的正影响;其中,文化程度、饲养规模和饲养方式,是深层次根源影响因素,兽药使用认知度和药物残留危害认知度是中间层间接因素,行为态度和产地是否检验是表象层直接因素。
改善和优化养猪场户质量安全行为是本文研究的落脚点。针对前文研究结果,分别从养猪场户自身、优质猪肉供应链和政府三方面提出优化养猪场户质量安全行为的对策建议。主要是:从自身角度,加强学习,转变养殖方式,改善猪舍环境,提高生猪福利等;从供应链角度,加强对养猪场户的组织培训、检查力度、资金支持、技术指导等;从政府角度,加强宣传、加大人才培养力度、加强产地检验力度等。
China is the largest pork producing and consuming country in the world, but its quality and safety level is relatively low, affecting physical and mental health of domestic consumers and restricting the pork industry to enhance international competitiveness. The issues how to speed up high quality pork production has attract the government, the academics and the consumers’attention, which need to solve urgently. According to the formation and influential factors of pork quality in supply chain environment, the quality and safety of pork is not a question of a part, but a result of the combined effects of the supply chain. As the source of high quality pork supply chain, the pig raiser’s quality security actions have great significance to the pig health and pork quality. Based on literatures analysis, expert interviews and investigation, this paper empirical analyses the pig raiser’s quality security actions by methods of systems analysis, statistical analysis and structural analysis.
The system awareness of high quality pork and high quality pork supply chain is the theoretical foundation of this paper. Based on the concept and content of high quality pork, and the concepts, structure, location of the high quality pork supply chain, this part analyzed the formation of pork quality in supply chain environment, and the influential factors of the pig raiser’s quality security actions to live pigs and to pork. Study shows that, high quality pork is an overall concept; high quality prok supply chain is the quality and safety supply chain; the pork quality is the cooperation and coordination result of pig farm households, pig slaughtering and processing enterprises and supermarkets. The pig farm household’s quality security behaviors influence the live pigs’quality from the aspects of the input, the disease prevention, the culture archives, the feeding environment, the animal welfare, the sound processing and so on.
The description analysis of the pig farm household’s quality security behaviors is the highlights of this paper. Based on the actual survey data of he pig farm household’s quality security behaviors, this part analysis the present situation and problems existed of the pig farm household’s conception and behaviors, from the aspects of the input, the disease prevention, the culture archives, the animal welfare and so on. Study shows that, the pig farm households have a good understanding of the quality of species (aberdeen) pigs, and have better procurement and introduction of species (aberdeen) pigs; the awareness of veterinary drug using and the harm of drug residue, the disease spreading, the pig ear tags and the healty culture is low, then the behavior of medicine (including vaccines) procurement and using, the raiser’s health check, the culture archives construction, and animal welfare improvements are not up to standard.
The study of the pig raiser’s willingness and influence factors of taking high quality security actions in high quality pork supply chain is the core of this paper. In this part, according to the survey data of 653 pig raisers, we analyzed the factors influencing the pig raiser’s willingness of taking high quality security actions in high quality pork supply chain, and their structural relationships using the Logistic Model and ISM. Study shows that, the education, the feeding size, the feeding methods, the attitude of actions, the understanding of veterinary drug using , the harm of drug residue, origin inspection and so on seven factors have positive impact on the pig raiser’s willingness. Then the education, the feeding size and the feeding methods are the basal factors influencing the pig raiser’s willingness of taking high quality security actions, the understanding of veterinary drug using and the harm of drug residue are the middle factors, and the attitude of actions and the origin inspection are the directly factors.
Optimizing the pig farm households’quality and safety behavior is the end-result of this paper. According to actual research and the results of Logistic Model and ISM, suggestions for optimizing the pig farm households’quality and safety behavior from the pig farm households, the high quality pork supply chain and the government and so on three aspects are proposed.
引文
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