个性化产品需求管理及快速定制技术研究
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摘要
先进制造技术和现代信息网络技术的飞速进步推动了产品个性化定制的快速发展,仅依靠现有的配置技术已无法提供与客户需求准确一致的个性产品。有效管理个性化产品需求并设计相应的快速定制技术迫在眉睫,因此本文设计了以客户为中心的个性化产品定制分层求解方案,研究了基于情境本体的客户需求管理和基于客户满意度的快速定制技术,并构建了本体驱动的虚拟模型辅助定制系统。
提出了基于本体的个性化产品定制流程与技术框架,将个性化产品定制流程分为产品定义过程和产品定制过程,实现个性化产品定制信息的本体建模和知识挖掘,并通过需求管理和快速定制进行定制方案的求解；设计了以客户为中心的个性化产品定制分层求解方案,论述了从客户需求获取、产品配置求解到虚拟模型展示的各部分内容,以及相邻域的定制信息传递和方案求解过程。提出了基于本体的个性化产品定制模型和本体库建立的方法,实现客户情境信息、客户需求信息、产品配置与变型设计信息以及虚拟模型之间的相互关联,满足个性化产品定制对定制信息的要求。
提出了面向个性化定制的客户情境本体,表达完整的客户背景信息,其中包含了客户的隐性需求,从而扩大了需求信息来源,有效提高了需求获取的准确性和用户参与的方便性。利用本体作为信息转换和知识映射的媒介,给出了客户情境本体、客户需求本体具体构成,建立了基于本体的客户情境模型、客户需求模型。构建了情境-需求本体映射元规则,基于改进的Apriori算法的关联规则挖掘,结合了本体概念与交易数据,将隐性需求信息加入到事务集中,提升映射规则的完整性和准确性。通过本体映射获得客户需求,完成客户情境知识向客户需求知识的转换,实现客户需求的自动获取,提高了需求信息获取、转化和传递的效率。提出了基于时序分析的个性化需求预测方法,通过建立ARMA预测模型对客户需求数量变化趋势进行预测,完善了客户需求预测体系。
根据本体的匹配映射和相似度计算,将客户需求本体映射为产品配置本体模型,获得相似度最大的配置实例作为配置方案。建立了基于Kano理论的客户满意度与产品性能关系函数,体现客户对性能的个性化需求。建立了基于性能满意度的产品配置优化模型,提出了产品配置与变型设计分界点判断和变型设计零部件范围确定方法。基于多目标遗传算法,以性能满意度最优为目标,设计了产品配置与变型设计分界点判断算法,根据不同性能需求类型的阈值范围判断配置和变型分界点,以性能相似度判断需变型零部件,实现了对客户个性化需求的快速反应。
建立了包含产品结构信息和产品视觉信息的虚拟模型,与产品实例本体库相关联,在配置本体模型驱动下,表达定制方案、渲染产品效果和模拟交互操作。提出了虚拟模型辅助产品定制系统框架与实现技术,将客户需求信息在定制空间、虚拟空间和真实空间中映射和传递,通过虚拟定制和虚拟表现两个子系统实现方案的表达和交互定制,并基于Quest3D和Protege实现虚拟模型和本体库的创建和管理。为某票据打印机的企业建立了功能原型系统,验证了本文以客户为中心的个性化产品定制分层求解方案的有效性。
With the rapidly developing of the advanced manufacturing technology and the modern information network technology, product customization was pushed forward in high speed. It is hard to supply the accurately and consistently personalized product to customer requirement with the existing configuration technology. It is an extremely urgent task at present that personalized product requirement was management efficiently and the rapid customization technology was designed in corresponding. Hence a hierarchy solution for personalized product was designed with customer-centered in this paper. Customer requirement management based on scenario ontology and rapid customization technology based on customer satisfaction index was researched, and virtual model aided customization system driven by ontology was constructed.
Personalized product customization process and technology framework based on ontology was proposed. The process was divided into product definition process and product customization process. The technology of ontology modeling and knowledge mining for personalized product customization information was realized. Customization solution was solved with requirement management and rapid customization. A hierarchy solution for personalized product was designed with customer-centered. It was discussed the contents of customer requirements elicitation, product configuration solution and virtual model display, the process of customization information mapping between adjacent domains and the solving of solution. Personalized product customization model based on ontology and ontology base constructing approach was proposed. Customer scenario information, customer requirement information, product configuration and variant design information and virtual model were associated mutually to fulfill the requirement of personalized product customization with customization information.
Customer scenario ontology toward personalization was proposed to express the customer background information completely including the implicit requirement. Therefore, requirement information source was expanded. Requirements elicitation was more accurate and customer participation is more convenient. With ontology as media of information exchanging and knowledge mapping, the construction of customer scenario ontology and customer requirement ontology was presented. Customer scenario model and customer requirement model were established based on ontology. The meta-rules of scenario-requirement ontology mapping were constructed. Based on improved Apriori algorithm, an approach of association rules mining combined ontology concept with trading data to add implicit requirement information into the datasets was proposed. It improved the integrity and the accurateness of the mapping rules. With ontology mapping customer requirement elicitation to achieve the mapping of customer scenario knowledge to customer requirement knowledge, customer requirement automatic elicitation. the efficiency of requirement information elicitation, mapping and transmitting was improved. Personalized requirement forecasting method was proposed based on time series analysis. Customer requirement forecasting system was perfected by ARMA forecasting model forecasting requirement quantity changing.
With ontology mapping and similarity degree calculating, customer requirement ontology was mapped to product configuration ontology model, and the most similar configuration instance was the configuration solution. The relation function of customer satisfaction index and product performance based on Kano theory was constructed, to express the customer personalized performance requirement. Product configuration optimism model was constructed based on performance satisfaction index. It was proposed that the judgment method of dividing point of product configuration and variant design, and the range of variant design parts. Based on multi-objective genetic algorithm, with the optimal objective of performance satisfaction index, the algorithm was designed which was the judgment of dividing point of product configuration and variant design. Dividing point was judged by the threshold value of different performance requirement. The range of variant design parts was judged by performance similarity degree. It was realized rapid reaction of customer personalized requirement.
Virtual model was constructed including product construction information and product visual information. With product instance ontology base, it was driven by configuration ontology to express configuration solution, render product visual effect and simulate interactive operation. Virtual model aid product customization system framework and implementation technology were proposed. Customer requirement information was mapping and transferring in customization space, virtual space and real space. With the subsystem of virtual customization and virtual expression, it was realized to express the solution and custom interactively. Based on Quest3D and Protege, virtual model and ontology base were created and managed. The function prototype system was established for a company of receipt printer, and the effectiveness of the theory of hierarchy solution for personalized product was verified.
提出了基于本体的个性化产品定制流程与技术框架,将个性化产品定制流程分为产品定义过程和产品定制过程,实现个性化产品定制信息的本体建模和知识挖掘,并通过需求管理和快速定制进行定制方案的求解；设计了以客户为中心的个性化产品定制分层求解方案,论述了从客户需求获取、产品配置求解到虚拟模型展示的各部分内容,以及相邻域的定制信息传递和方案求解过程。提出了基于本体的个性化产品定制模型和本体库建立的方法,实现客户情境信息、客户需求信息、产品配置与变型设计信息以及虚拟模型之间的相互关联,满足个性化产品定制对定制信息的要求。
提出了面向个性化定制的客户情境本体,表达完整的客户背景信息,其中包含了客户的隐性需求,从而扩大了需求信息来源,有效提高了需求获取的准确性和用户参与的方便性。利用本体作为信息转换和知识映射的媒介,给出了客户情境本体、客户需求本体具体构成,建立了基于本体的客户情境模型、客户需求模型。构建了情境-需求本体映射元规则,基于改进的Apriori算法的关联规则挖掘,结合了本体概念与交易数据,将隐性需求信息加入到事务集中,提升映射规则的完整性和准确性。通过本体映射获得客户需求,完成客户情境知识向客户需求知识的转换,实现客户需求的自动获取,提高了需求信息获取、转化和传递的效率。提出了基于时序分析的个性化需求预测方法,通过建立ARMA预测模型对客户需求数量变化趋势进行预测,完善了客户需求预测体系。
根据本体的匹配映射和相似度计算,将客户需求本体映射为产品配置本体模型,获得相似度最大的配置实例作为配置方案。建立了基于Kano理论的客户满意度与产品性能关系函数,体现客户对性能的个性化需求。建立了基于性能满意度的产品配置优化模型,提出了产品配置与变型设计分界点判断和变型设计零部件范围确定方法。基于多目标遗传算法,以性能满意度最优为目标,设计了产品配置与变型设计分界点判断算法,根据不同性能需求类型的阈值范围判断配置和变型分界点,以性能相似度判断需变型零部件,实现了对客户个性化需求的快速反应。
建立了包含产品结构信息和产品视觉信息的虚拟模型,与产品实例本体库相关联,在配置本体模型驱动下,表达定制方案、渲染产品效果和模拟交互操作。提出了虚拟模型辅助产品定制系统框架与实现技术,将客户需求信息在定制空间、虚拟空间和真实空间中映射和传递,通过虚拟定制和虚拟表现两个子系统实现方案的表达和交互定制,并基于Quest3D和Protege实现虚拟模型和本体库的创建和管理。为某票据打印机的企业建立了功能原型系统,验证了本文以客户为中心的个性化产品定制分层求解方案的有效性。
With the rapidly developing of the advanced manufacturing technology and the modern information network technology, product customization was pushed forward in high speed. It is hard to supply the accurately and consistently personalized product to customer requirement with the existing configuration technology. It is an extremely urgent task at present that personalized product requirement was management efficiently and the rapid customization technology was designed in corresponding. Hence a hierarchy solution for personalized product was designed with customer-centered in this paper. Customer requirement management based on scenario ontology and rapid customization technology based on customer satisfaction index was researched, and virtual model aided customization system driven by ontology was constructed.
Personalized product customization process and technology framework based on ontology was proposed. The process was divided into product definition process and product customization process. The technology of ontology modeling and knowledge mining for personalized product customization information was realized. Customization solution was solved with requirement management and rapid customization. A hierarchy solution for personalized product was designed with customer-centered. It was discussed the contents of customer requirements elicitation, product configuration solution and virtual model display, the process of customization information mapping between adjacent domains and the solving of solution. Personalized product customization model based on ontology and ontology base constructing approach was proposed. Customer scenario information, customer requirement information, product configuration and variant design information and virtual model were associated mutually to fulfill the requirement of personalized product customization with customization information.
Customer scenario ontology toward personalization was proposed to express the customer background information completely including the implicit requirement. Therefore, requirement information source was expanded. Requirements elicitation was more accurate and customer participation is more convenient. With ontology as media of information exchanging and knowledge mapping, the construction of customer scenario ontology and customer requirement ontology was presented. Customer scenario model and customer requirement model were established based on ontology. The meta-rules of scenario-requirement ontology mapping were constructed. Based on improved Apriori algorithm, an approach of association rules mining combined ontology concept with trading data to add implicit requirement information into the datasets was proposed. It improved the integrity and the accurateness of the mapping rules. With ontology mapping customer requirement elicitation to achieve the mapping of customer scenario knowledge to customer requirement knowledge, customer requirement automatic elicitation. the efficiency of requirement information elicitation, mapping and transmitting was improved. Personalized requirement forecasting method was proposed based on time series analysis. Customer requirement forecasting system was perfected by ARMA forecasting model forecasting requirement quantity changing.
With ontology mapping and similarity degree calculating, customer requirement ontology was mapped to product configuration ontology model, and the most similar configuration instance was the configuration solution. The relation function of customer satisfaction index and product performance based on Kano theory was constructed, to express the customer personalized performance requirement. Product configuration optimism model was constructed based on performance satisfaction index. It was proposed that the judgment method of dividing point of product configuration and variant design, and the range of variant design parts. Based on multi-objective genetic algorithm, with the optimal objective of performance satisfaction index, the algorithm was designed which was the judgment of dividing point of product configuration and variant design. Dividing point was judged by the threshold value of different performance requirement. The range of variant design parts was judged by performance similarity degree. It was realized rapid reaction of customer personalized requirement.
Virtual model was constructed including product construction information and product visual information. With product instance ontology base, it was driven by configuration ontology to express configuration solution, render product visual effect and simulate interactive operation. Virtual model aid product customization system framework and implementation technology were proposed. Customer requirement information was mapping and transferring in customization space, virtual space and real space. With the subsystem of virtual customization and virtual expression, it was realized to express the solution and custom interactively. Based on Quest3D and Protege, virtual model and ontology base were created and managed. The function prototype system was established for a company of receipt printer, and the effectiveness of the theory of hierarchy solution for personalized product was verified.
引文
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