银耳孢子发酵物（TSF）对生长肥育猪生产性能、免疫功能以及肉质的影响
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摘要
本试验考察了银耳孢子发酵物(Tremella fuciformis Berk Spore Fermentation, TSF)对生长肥育猪生产性能、免疫功能以及肉质的影响,并与抗生素的应用效果作比较。试验选用24头平均体重10.01±0.65kg的去势杜×长×大杂交仔猪,采用单项分类设计,按性别一致,体重相近原则随机分为3个处理,分别为对照组(不加抗生素),抗生素组(恩拉霉素20mg／kg+硫酸抗敌素40mg／kg)和银耳孢子发酵物组(TSF 0.4%)。分三个阶段(10～20kg、20～50kg、50～100kg)饲养。在试验第28d、70d、112d各处理选取5头猪,前腔静脉采血用以测定淋巴细胞转化率(LTR)、血清中IGF-Ⅰ、IL-2、IgG、IgM、IgA的含量,当各个处理组平均体重达到100kg,各处理选取5头猪,用以肉质的测定。
试验结果：(1)在10-20kg阶段,TSF组的ADG略低于ANT组,但较对照组有所提高(P>0.05),ANT组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。20-50kg阶段,TSF组的ADG较ANT组显著提高(P<0.05),极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),而ANT组仍然高于对照组(P<0.05)。50-100kg阶段,TSF组的ADG显著高于ANT组和对照组(P<0.05),而ANT组与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。试验全期,TSF组的ADG比ANT组提高了6%(P>0.05),较对照组显著提高了10.6%(P<0.01),ANT组较对照组有所提高但差异不显著(P>0.05)。对于ADFI,10-20kg阶段,ANT组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。20-50kg阶段,TSF组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)；其余各阶段各组的ADFI均无显著性差异,但TSF组和ANT组较对照组均有提高的趋势。各阶段各处理之间的F／G均无显著差异,但TSF组的全期F／G较ANT组降低了2.5%(P>0.05),相对于对照组降低了5.2%(P<0.05)。
(2)在猪生长肥育的各个阶段,银耳孢子发酵物都能够提高血清中IGF-I浓度。试验第28d,TSF组血清IGF-I浓度与ANT组相比无显著差异(P>0.05),但两组较对照组均有显著提高(P<0.05)。第70d,TSF组IGF-I较ANT组有所提高(P>0.05),显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而ANT组仍略高于对照组(P>0.05)。第112d,TSF组IGF-I显著高于ANT组和对照组(P<0.05),而ANT组与对照组相比已无显著差异(P>0.05)
(3)在试验第28d和112d,TSF组的LTR均显著高于ANT组和对照组(P<0.05)；ANT组与对照组的LTR在各个阶段均无显著差异(P>0.05)。TSF组血清中IL-2的含量在试验第28d、70d和112d均显著高于ANT组(P<0.05)；TSF组较对照组有所提高但不显著(P>0.05)；ANT组与对照组之间的差异也不显著(P>0.05)。TSF组的IgG在试验第70d显著高于对照组(P<0.05),在112d极显著高于ANT组和对照组(P<0.01)。对于IgM,TSF组在各个阶段均显著高于ANT组(P<0.05)、极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)；ANT组较对照组也有所提高(P<0.05)。TSF组的IgA在第70d和112d极显著或显著高于对照组(P<0.01或P<0.05),TSF组与ANT组间差异不显著。
(4)各处理组间屠宰率、背膘厚度以及板油重差异不显著(P>0.05)。TSF组和ANT组的眼肌面积无显著差异(P>0.05),但较对照组均有显著提高(P<0.05)。TSF组的滴水损失显著低于ANT组(P<0.01),较对照组也有所降低(P>0.05)。TSF组的pH*45 min值与ANT组无显著差异(P>0.05),但较对照组显著提高(P<0.05)TSF较ANT降低了L*45 min。值(P<0.05),与对照组无显著差异。TSF组的b*45 min值与ANT组无差异(P>0.05),但较对照组有所降低(P<0.05)。各处理的pH*24h、a*45min、a*24h、b*24 h值之间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。TSF组较ANT组肌内脂肪含量显著提高(P<0.05),与对照组无显著差异。
试验结果表明：银耳孢子发酵物能够促进生长肥育猪生长,试验中后期其效果要优于恩拉霉素+硫酸抗敌素；银耳孢子发酵物对生长肥育猪各个生长阶段的免疫功能都具有改善作用；银耳孢子发酵物还具有改善胴体性状和肉质的作用。
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Tremella fuciformis Berk Spore Fermentation (TSF) on the growth performance, immune function and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs, and comparation was made against the antibiotic group. Twenty-four DLY(Duroc×Landrace×Large White) piglets with average weight 10.01±0.65kg were randomly allocated to 3 treatments in signal factor design, each treatment with 8 replicates of 1 piglets, one treatment was act as control group feed on basal diets, and the other two were feed on the same basal diet supplement with antibiotics (enramycin＋kangdisu sulfas) and TSF, the whole feeding duriation included 10-20kg, 20-50kg,50-100kg three feeding phase.At 28,70,112 d.5 piglets with approximate BW were selected from each treatment and blood samples were collected via anterior vena cava puncture.The peripheral blood LTR, serum IGF-Ⅰ,IL-2, IgG, IgM, IgA were measured. The experiment last when each treatment's averge weight reached 100kg. Five pigs selected from each treatment were slaughtered by electrical stunning and exsanguinations, and meat quality were measured.
The result of the feeding test showed that (1) in the 10-20kg feeding phases, the ADG of the TSF group was slightly lower than ANT, TSF had improved the ADG compared with control, but failed in significant(P>0.05),the ANT significantly improved the ADG compared with that of the control (P<0.05).During the phase 20-50kg, the ADG of TSF had improved 9.2% compared with that of ANT(P<0.05), and significantly improvement was observed compared with that of control (P<0.01),and ANT was still higer than that of control (P<0.05).During the 50～100kg phase, the ADG of TSF was higher than that of ANT and control(P<0.05), no significant difference was observed between the control and the ANT. In the whole duration, the ADG of TSF was improved 6% compared with that of ANT(P>0.05),and the ADG of TSF was 10.6% higher than that of control(P<0.05), there was no significantly difference between the ADG of control and ANT in the whole duration(P>0.05).During the first phase, the ADFI of ANT was significantly improved compared with that of control(P<0.05). During the 20-50kg feeding phase, the ADFI of the TSF had improved 13.4% compared with that of control(P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between the ADFI of the three treatments in the whole duriation. There was no significant difference between the F/G of the three treatments among each feeding phase and the whole duriation, except the F/G of the TSF had been reduced 5.2% (P<0.05) compared with the control in the whole duriation.
(2) At the 28th day, there was no significantly difference between the serum IGF-Ⅰlevel of TSF and ANT(P>0.05),but they were both higher than that of the control (P<0.05).The serum IGF-Ⅰof TSF was slightly improved compared with ANTat 70 day, and higher than that of control(P<0.05),and the serum IGF-Ⅰof ANT was still higher than that of control(P>0.05).At the 112nd day, the serum IGF-Ⅰlevel of TSF was significantly improved compared with ANT and control(P<0.05),no significant difference was observed between ANT and control(P>0.05)
(3)At the 28,112 day, the pigs supplemented with TSF demonstrated a higher T lymphocyte transfer ratio (LTR) than that of ANT and control(P<0.05)
32.The serum IL-2 of TSF was higher than that of ANT in the whole duration(P<0.05), and also slightly improved compared with control, but failed in significance(P>0.05).The IgG of TSF was signicantly improved compared with control on the 70 d(P<0.05),and higher than both that of ANT and control on 112d(P<0.05).The IgM of TSF was significantly improved compared with both of ANT and control(P<0.05), and ANT was higher than that of control(P>0.05).There was no significant difference between the IgA of TSF and ANT,but the IgA of TSF was improved compared with that of control(P<0.05).
(4) There was no significant difference among the dressing percentage and the back fat thickness of the treatments. No significant difference was found between the loin-eye area of TSF and ANT, and both of them were higher than that of control (P<0.05).The dropping loss of TSF was significant decreased compared with ANT (P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the dropping loss of TSF and control(P>0.05). Compared with the control the pH*45 min of the TSF was improved(P<0.05),no significant difference was found between the TSF and the ANT(P>0.05). The TSF was significanty reduced the L*45 min compared with the ANT(P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed among the TSF and the control.TSF supplement significanty reduced the b*45 min compared with control(P<0.05).There was no significant difference among the pH*24 h,a*45 min, a*24 h, b*24 h of the three treatment. The intramuscular fat content of TSF and control was improved 19.6%(P<0.05) and 18.1%(P<0.05)compared with ANT.
The results indicated that supplying tremella polysaccharides would improve growth performance of growing-finishing pigs. Compared with control and ANT the supplement TSF of was more proned to enhance the cellular and humoral immune functions. And tremella polysaccharides had a positive effort on the carcass traits and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs.
试验结果：(1)在10-20kg阶段,TSF组的ADG略低于ANT组,但较对照组有所提高(P>0.05),ANT组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。20-50kg阶段,TSF组的ADG较ANT组显著提高(P<0.05),极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),而ANT组仍然高于对照组(P<0.05)。50-100kg阶段,TSF组的ADG显著高于ANT组和对照组(P<0.05),而ANT组与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。试验全期,TSF组的ADG比ANT组提高了6%(P>0.05),较对照组显著提高了10.6%(P<0.01),ANT组较对照组有所提高但差异不显著(P>0.05)。对于ADFI,10-20kg阶段,ANT组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。20-50kg阶段,TSF组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)；其余各阶段各组的ADFI均无显著性差异,但TSF组和ANT组较对照组均有提高的趋势。各阶段各处理之间的F／G均无显著差异,但TSF组的全期F／G较ANT组降低了2.5%(P>0.05),相对于对照组降低了5.2%(P<0.05)。
(2)在猪生长肥育的各个阶段,银耳孢子发酵物都能够提高血清中IGF-I浓度。试验第28d,TSF组血清IGF-I浓度与ANT组相比无显著差异(P>0.05),但两组较对照组均有显著提高(P<0.05)。第70d,TSF组IGF-I较ANT组有所提高(P>0.05),显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而ANT组仍略高于对照组(P>0.05)。第112d,TSF组IGF-I显著高于ANT组和对照组(P<0.05),而ANT组与对照组相比已无显著差异(P>0.05)
(3)在试验第28d和112d,TSF组的LTR均显著高于ANT组和对照组(P<0.05)；ANT组与对照组的LTR在各个阶段均无显著差异(P>0.05)。TSF组血清中IL-2的含量在试验第28d、70d和112d均显著高于ANT组(P<0.05)；TSF组较对照组有所提高但不显著(P>0.05)；ANT组与对照组之间的差异也不显著(P>0.05)。TSF组的IgG在试验第70d显著高于对照组(P<0.05),在112d极显著高于ANT组和对照组(P<0.01)。对于IgM,TSF组在各个阶段均显著高于ANT组(P<0.05)、极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)；ANT组较对照组也有所提高(P<0.05)。TSF组的IgA在第70d和112d极显著或显著高于对照组(P<0.01或P<0.05),TSF组与ANT组间差异不显著。
(4)各处理组间屠宰率、背膘厚度以及板油重差异不显著(P>0.05)。TSF组和ANT组的眼肌面积无显著差异(P>0.05),但较对照组均有显著提高(P<0.05)。TSF组的滴水损失显著低于ANT组(P<0.01),较对照组也有所降低(P>0.05)。TSF组的pH*45 min值与ANT组无显著差异(P>0.05),但较对照组显著提高(P<0.05)TSF较ANT降低了L*45 min。值(P<0.05),与对照组无显著差异。TSF组的b*45 min值与ANT组无差异(P>0.05),但较对照组有所降低(P<0.05)。各处理的pH*24h、a*45min、a*24h、b*24 h值之间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。TSF组较ANT组肌内脂肪含量显著提高(P<0.05),与对照组无显著差异。
试验结果表明：银耳孢子发酵物能够促进生长肥育猪生长,试验中后期其效果要优于恩拉霉素+硫酸抗敌素；银耳孢子发酵物对生长肥育猪各个生长阶段的免疫功能都具有改善作用；银耳孢子发酵物还具有改善胴体性状和肉质的作用。
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Tremella fuciformis Berk Spore Fermentation (TSF) on the growth performance, immune function and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs, and comparation was made against the antibiotic group. Twenty-four DLY(Duroc×Landrace×Large White) piglets with average weight 10.01±0.65kg were randomly allocated to 3 treatments in signal factor design, each treatment with 8 replicates of 1 piglets, one treatment was act as control group feed on basal diets, and the other two were feed on the same basal diet supplement with antibiotics (enramycin＋kangdisu sulfas) and TSF, the whole feeding duriation included 10-20kg, 20-50kg,50-100kg three feeding phase.At 28,70,112 d.5 piglets with approximate BW were selected from each treatment and blood samples were collected via anterior vena cava puncture.The peripheral blood LTR, serum IGF-Ⅰ,IL-2, IgG, IgM, IgA were measured. The experiment last when each treatment's averge weight reached 100kg. Five pigs selected from each treatment were slaughtered by electrical stunning and exsanguinations, and meat quality were measured.
The result of the feeding test showed that (1) in the 10-20kg feeding phases, the ADG of the TSF group was slightly lower than ANT, TSF had improved the ADG compared with control, but failed in significant(P>0.05),the ANT significantly improved the ADG compared with that of the control (P<0.05).During the phase 20-50kg, the ADG of TSF had improved 9.2% compared with that of ANT(P<0.05), and significantly improvement was observed compared with that of control (P<0.01),and ANT was still higer than that of control (P<0.05).During the 50～100kg phase, the ADG of TSF was higher than that of ANT and control(P<0.05), no significant difference was observed between the control and the ANT. In the whole duration, the ADG of TSF was improved 6% compared with that of ANT(P>0.05),and the ADG of TSF was 10.6% higher than that of control(P<0.05), there was no significantly difference between the ADG of control and ANT in the whole duration(P>0.05).During the first phase, the ADFI of ANT was significantly improved compared with that of control(P<0.05). During the 20-50kg feeding phase, the ADFI of the TSF had improved 13.4% compared with that of control(P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between the ADFI of the three treatments in the whole duriation. There was no significant difference between the F/G of the three treatments among each feeding phase and the whole duriation, except the F/G of the TSF had been reduced 5.2% (P<0.05) compared with the control in the whole duriation.
(2) At the 28th day, there was no significantly difference between the serum IGF-Ⅰlevel of TSF and ANT(P>0.05),but they were both higher than that of the control (P<0.05).The serum IGF-Ⅰof TSF was slightly improved compared with ANTat 70 day, and higher than that of control(P<0.05),and the serum IGF-Ⅰof ANT was still higher than that of control(P>0.05).At the 112nd day, the serum IGF-Ⅰlevel of TSF was significantly improved compared with ANT and control(P<0.05),no significant difference was observed between ANT and control(P>0.05)
(3)At the 28,112 day, the pigs supplemented with TSF demonstrated a higher T lymphocyte transfer ratio (LTR) than that of ANT and control(P<0.05)
32.The serum IL-2 of TSF was higher than that of ANT in the whole duration(P<0.05), and also slightly improved compared with control, but failed in significance(P>0.05).The IgG of TSF was signicantly improved compared with control on the 70 d(P<0.05),and higher than both that of ANT and control on 112d(P<0.05).The IgM of TSF was significantly improved compared with both of ANT and control(P<0.05), and ANT was higher than that of control(P>0.05).There was no significant difference between the IgA of TSF and ANT,but the IgA of TSF was improved compared with that of control(P<0.05).
(4) There was no significant difference among the dressing percentage and the back fat thickness of the treatments. No significant difference was found between the loin-eye area of TSF and ANT, and both of them were higher than that of control (P<0.05).The dropping loss of TSF was significant decreased compared with ANT (P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the dropping loss of TSF and control(P>0.05). Compared with the control the pH*45 min of the TSF was improved(P<0.05),no significant difference was found between the TSF and the ANT(P>0.05). The TSF was significanty reduced the L*45 min compared with the ANT(P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed among the TSF and the control.TSF supplement significanty reduced the b*45 min compared with control(P<0.05).There was no significant difference among the pH*24 h,a*45 min, a*24 h, b*24 h of the three treatment. The intramuscular fat content of TSF and control was improved 19.6%(P<0.05) and 18.1%(P<0.05)compared with ANT.
The results indicated that supplying tremella polysaccharides would improve growth performance of growing-finishing pigs. Compared with control and ANT the supplement TSF of was more proned to enhance the cellular and humoral immune functions. And tremella polysaccharides had a positive effort on the carcass traits and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs.
引文
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