辣椒疫霉生防菌筛选及生防菌剂应用研究
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摘要
1.依据柯赫法则从岐山地区辣椒病株上分离到 1 株病原菌,经初步鉴定暂定为辣
椒疫霉(Phytophthora capsici)。该菌有很强侵染力,是引起歧山地区辣椒疫病流
行的病原菌。
2.通过皿内拮抗和盆栽生物试验从 58 株供试真菌(32 株木霉和 26 株毛壳菌)
及 108 株拮抗性放线菌中筛选出对辣椒疫霉具有较好抑病效果的木霉 4 株
(M1.2,M1.3、M7 和 MJ)、毛壳菌 10 株(CHE、CHI、CHP、CHT、CHC、
CHD、CHF、CHJ、 CHM 和 CHQ)及放线菌 2 株(0108 和 0110)。第 14d 时,
M1.2、M1.3、M7 及 MJ 与辣椒疫霉混接处理的发病率分别为 9.5%、2.4%、4.8%
及 7.1%,较纯疫霉对照发病率分别降低了 83.4%、90.5%、88.1%及 85.8%;毛壳
菌 CHI 和 CHD 与辣椒疫霉混接处理发病率为零,CHE、CHP、CHT、CHC、CHF、
CHJ、CHM 和CHQ与辣椒疫霉混接的发病率均低于20%,防效明显;放线菌0108、
0110 处理的发病率与清水对照在 1%水平下无显著性差异。表明这 16 株入选生防
菌对辣椒疫霉菌有较强的抑制作用,可作为辣椒疫病生防研究的后备菌株。
3. 原有 6 株供试生防菌对辣椒疫病有较好的防效。盆栽试验条件下,Act1、Act2、
真菌 F 及细菌 B 的发病率为 13%～25%,与清水对照在 1%水平下无显著性差异,
较病原菌对照降低 73%～86%。在田间条件下,Act2 蘸根接种 6 次调查(两个月)
的平均发病率为 5.8%,较不接菌对照下降 68%;不同生防菌防效不同,防效随接
种方式、生防菌菌种组合等因素变化;蘸根接种防效优于拌土处理。
4. 原有 6 株供试生防菌对辣椒产量提高及辣椒根系发育有显著的促进作用。盆
栽条件下,Act3、Act4 、B 及 F 单接时的辣椒鲜重增加 55%～76%,辣椒根系重
量增加 22%～49%;两种生防菌混合使用促生作用增强,如 Act3、 Act4 与 B 混
合接种的增产率分别为 136%及 92%,但 Act2 与 F 混合出现相反结果。田间条件
下,Act2 蘸根接种的增产率为 75%,增产效应明显。
5.原有 6 株生防菌及新筛选的 0108、0110 两株放线菌接种对辣椒根区土壤微生
物区系有显著影响。Act1 和 B 在辣椒根区定殖能力强,辣椒成熟后在根区土壤
中存活菌数分别为 160×105cfu/g、321×105 cfu/g。生防菌的防病促生作用是
生防菌在辣椒根区大量定殖及改变辣椒根区微生物区系的结果。
6.皿内搭片培养结果表明,Act2～Act4 三株放线菌通过未知活性抗菌物质对辣
椒疫霉菌丝产生致畸作用,Act1 则是通过自身大量增殖或产生某种酶抑制辣椒
疫霉菌丝的生长。
7.采用固态发酵工艺培养 4 株生防放线菌可获得活孢子数很高的生防菌剂
(1013cfu/g)。玉米粉是适于 Act1～Act4 四株生防放线菌固态发酵的优良 C、N
源物质。
8.测定了 Act1～Act4 及 0108、0110 六株放线菌对 14 种碳源、14 种氮源的利用
能力及对 10 种抗生素与 2 种农药的抗药性,为生防菌分类鉴定提供了科学依据。
1. According to Kehe Law, a strain of pytophthora capsici was isolated and
identified with strong infection capacity from infected stem pepper in Qishan region,
leaded pepper blight epidemic.
2. Screening 4 strains trichoderma and 10 strains chaetomium from 58 strains given
fungi including 32 strains trichoderma and 26 strains chaetomium, and 2 strains from
108 strains actionmcetes, that were 0108 and 0110. Disease rate of M1.2、M1.3、
M7and MJ was 9.5%、2.4%、4.8% and 7.1%, it decreased 83.4%、90.5%、88.1% and
85.8% than contrast; Disease rate of CHI and CHD was 0 respectively, Disease rate of
CHE、CHP、CHT、CHC、CHF、CHJ、CHM and CHQ were under 20%; Disease rate
of 0108 and 0110 was not obviously to contract under lever 1% in divergence. It
shown that 16 screening Antagonistic Microbial had inhibition very capable, they
could be reserve strains to research to bio control.
3. Six given antagonistic microbial inhibited pytophthora capsici obviously. In
potted plant experiment ,four strains (Act1、Act2、F and B) verge of disease rate
were from 13% to 25% ,divergence was not obviously to contract under lever
1%,verge of disease rate decreased from 73% to 86% compared pathogen treatment.
In field experiment, the average disease rate was 5%of Act2 in six different time,
decreased 60% to contrast. Different antagonistic microbial with different efficacy,
it changed by inoculated manner and unit of given strains. Dipped treatment was
better than mixed soil treatment in efficacy.
4. Six given antagonistic microbial increased pepper output and promoted root
growth obviously. Pepper output increased from 55% to 76% after inoculated Act3,
Act4, B and F respectively. Root weight increased from 22% to 49%. Unit of two
strains increased pepper output except unit of Act2 with F. Pepper output growth
rate of Act3, Act4 mixed with B was 136% and 92%.
5. Six given antagonistic microbial and two strains screened (0108, 0110) impacted
pepper root microbial system.Act1 and B could colonize in pepper root spot very
capable. The number of living antagonistic microbial was 160×105cfu/g、321×105
cfu/g. Efficacy and growth promotion were the result of colonizing and than
effected microbial system of pepper root spot.
6.Plat experiment result shown, Three strains (Act2,Act3 And Act4) distorted hypha
of pytophthora capsici by producing antibiotic, but Act1 inhibited hypha growth
by multiplication themselves or producing enzyme.
7.Four given strains (Act1～Act4)could produce large amount of living spores
cultivated by solid fermentation. Corn flour was the best carbon and nitrogen.
8. Six given strains were determined by the capacity of using 14 kinds of carbon and
14 kinds of nitrogen, and the resistance of 10 kinds of antibiotic and 2 kinds of
pesticide. It would provide scientific basis for classify and identify.
椒疫霉(Phytophthora capsici)。该菌有很强侵染力,是引起歧山地区辣椒疫病流
行的病原菌。
2.通过皿内拮抗和盆栽生物试验从 58 株供试真菌(32 株木霉和 26 株毛壳菌)
及 108 株拮抗性放线菌中筛选出对辣椒疫霉具有较好抑病效果的木霉 4 株
(M1.2,M1.3、M7 和 MJ)、毛壳菌 10 株(CHE、CHI、CHP、CHT、CHC、
CHD、CHF、CHJ、 CHM 和 CHQ)及放线菌 2 株(0108 和 0110)。第 14d 时,
M1.2、M1.3、M7 及 MJ 与辣椒疫霉混接处理的发病率分别为 9.5%、2.4%、4.8%
及 7.1%,较纯疫霉对照发病率分别降低了 83.4%、90.5%、88.1%及 85.8%;毛壳
菌 CHI 和 CHD 与辣椒疫霉混接处理发病率为零,CHE、CHP、CHT、CHC、CHF、
CHJ、CHM 和CHQ与辣椒疫霉混接的发病率均低于20%,防效明显;放线菌0108、
0110 处理的发病率与清水对照在 1%水平下无显著性差异。表明这 16 株入选生防
菌对辣椒疫霉菌有较强的抑制作用,可作为辣椒疫病生防研究的后备菌株。
3. 原有 6 株供试生防菌对辣椒疫病有较好的防效。盆栽试验条件下,Act1、Act2、
真菌 F 及细菌 B 的发病率为 13%～25%,与清水对照在 1%水平下无显著性差异,
较病原菌对照降低 73%～86%。在田间条件下,Act2 蘸根接种 6 次调查(两个月)
的平均发病率为 5.8%,较不接菌对照下降 68%;不同生防菌防效不同,防效随接
种方式、生防菌菌种组合等因素变化;蘸根接种防效优于拌土处理。
4. 原有 6 株供试生防菌对辣椒产量提高及辣椒根系发育有显著的促进作用。盆
栽条件下,Act3、Act4 、B 及 F 单接时的辣椒鲜重增加 55%～76%,辣椒根系重
量增加 22%～49%;两种生防菌混合使用促生作用增强,如 Act3、 Act4 与 B 混
合接种的增产率分别为 136%及 92%,但 Act2 与 F 混合出现相反结果。田间条件
下,Act2 蘸根接种的增产率为 75%,增产效应明显。
5.原有 6 株生防菌及新筛选的 0108、0110 两株放线菌接种对辣椒根区土壤微生
物区系有显著影响。Act1 和 B 在辣椒根区定殖能力强,辣椒成熟后在根区土壤
中存活菌数分别为 160×105cfu/g、321×105 cfu/g。生防菌的防病促生作用是
生防菌在辣椒根区大量定殖及改变辣椒根区微生物区系的结果。
6.皿内搭片培养结果表明,Act2～Act4 三株放线菌通过未知活性抗菌物质对辣
椒疫霉菌丝产生致畸作用,Act1 则是通过自身大量增殖或产生某种酶抑制辣椒
疫霉菌丝的生长。
7.采用固态发酵工艺培养 4 株生防放线菌可获得活孢子数很高的生防菌剂
(1013cfu/g)。玉米粉是适于 Act1～Act4 四株生防放线菌固态发酵的优良 C、N
源物质。
8.测定了 Act1～Act4 及 0108、0110 六株放线菌对 14 种碳源、14 种氮源的利用
能力及对 10 种抗生素与 2 种农药的抗药性,为生防菌分类鉴定提供了科学依据。
1. According to Kehe Law, a strain of pytophthora capsici was isolated and
identified with strong infection capacity from infected stem pepper in Qishan region,
leaded pepper blight epidemic.
2. Screening 4 strains trichoderma and 10 strains chaetomium from 58 strains given
fungi including 32 strains trichoderma and 26 strains chaetomium, and 2 strains from
108 strains actionmcetes, that were 0108 and 0110. Disease rate of M1.2、M1.3、
M7and MJ was 9.5%、2.4%、4.8% and 7.1%, it decreased 83.4%、90.5%、88.1% and
85.8% than contrast; Disease rate of CHI and CHD was 0 respectively, Disease rate of
CHE、CHP、CHT、CHC、CHF、CHJ、CHM and CHQ were under 20%; Disease rate
of 0108 and 0110 was not obviously to contract under lever 1% in divergence. It
shown that 16 screening Antagonistic Microbial had inhibition very capable, they
could be reserve strains to research to bio control.
3. Six given antagonistic microbial inhibited pytophthora capsici obviously. In
potted plant experiment ,four strains (Act1、Act2、F and B) verge of disease rate
were from 13% to 25% ,divergence was not obviously to contract under lever
1%,verge of disease rate decreased from 73% to 86% compared pathogen treatment.
In field experiment, the average disease rate was 5%of Act2 in six different time,
decreased 60% to contrast. Different antagonistic microbial with different efficacy,
it changed by inoculated manner and unit of given strains. Dipped treatment was
better than mixed soil treatment in efficacy.
4. Six given antagonistic microbial increased pepper output and promoted root
growth obviously. Pepper output increased from 55% to 76% after inoculated Act3,
Act4, B and F respectively. Root weight increased from 22% to 49%. Unit of two
strains increased pepper output except unit of Act2 with F. Pepper output growth
rate of Act3, Act4 mixed with B was 136% and 92%.
5. Six given antagonistic microbial and two strains screened (0108, 0110) impacted
pepper root microbial system.Act1 and B could colonize in pepper root spot very
capable. The number of living antagonistic microbial was 160×105cfu/g、321×105
cfu/g. Efficacy and growth promotion were the result of colonizing and than
effected microbial system of pepper root spot.
6.Plat experiment result shown, Three strains (Act2,Act3 And Act4) distorted hypha
of pytophthora capsici by producing antibiotic, but Act1 inhibited hypha growth
by multiplication themselves or producing enzyme.
7.Four given strains (Act1～Act4)could produce large amount of living spores
cultivated by solid fermentation. Corn flour was the best carbon and nitrogen.
8. Six given strains were determined by the capacity of using 14 kinds of carbon and
14 kinds of nitrogen, and the resistance of 10 kinds of antibiotic and 2 kinds of
pesticide. It would provide scientific basis for classify and identify.
引文