居住建筑用能终端约束模型研究
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摘要
能源是现代社会赖以生存和发展的基础。近年来,随着全球经济的快速发展,世界能源需求快速增长,化石能源大量消费导致的资源短缺和环境污染及气候变化问题日益突出。
建筑能耗是社会总能耗的重要组成部分,在西方发达国家,已占到各国社会总能耗的三分之一以上,伴随着社会经济发展水平和生活水平日益提高,我国建筑能耗占社会总能耗的比例逐渐升高,正逐步上升到30%。其中,城镇住宅建筑面积迅速增加,导致建筑用电量急剧增加,这使得居住建筑节能工作变得刻不容缓。要切实做好居住建筑节能工作,我们必须从居住建筑用能终端着手,找到制约居住建筑终端用能的因素和约束性条件。
本论文在已有文献理论研究的基础上,对居住建筑用能终端构成及特点进行分析,概述了各用能终端能耗的计算方法,并在居住建筑能耗影响因素浅析的基础上,通过用能终端能耗的计算方法、正交试验等分析了各因素对建筑终端能耗影响的主次性,得出了运行模式、采暖空调设备能效、室内环境参数、气候是影响居住建筑总体能耗较为显著的因素。
本论文对建筑能耗约束进行了定义及分类,结合居住建筑能耗敏感性因素分析,提出了居住建筑能耗的约束主要包括四类:气候约束、技术约束、用能行为约束以及其它约束,并对四个约束的包含的内容及特征进行了探讨。
在居民家庭经济行为和居住行为机理分析的基础上,本论文提出了家庭用能行为的机理,作为人类居住行为的一种,其同样包含主体、行为形态、空间形态等方面的要素,而从经济行为来讲,又有其特殊属性,即用能行为还受到家庭收入、能源价格等影响。因此,用能行为包含四个要素:居住主体(需求)、用能行为时间、用能行为空间及生活设施等。
本论文将影响居住建筑终端能耗的影响参数最终归结于三个约束性指标:用能设备功率、用能时间、设备综合运行率,并分析了各个约束与这三个约束性指标的关系,提出了居住建筑用能终端约束模型。
通过对深圳市居住建筑能耗及家庭用能行为的调研,对家庭用能行为约束做了分析,验证了居住建筑用能终端约束模型的合理性。
Energy is the foundation of survival and development of modern society. In recent years, with the rapid development of the global economy, the world's energy needs are growing rapidly. A large number of fossil energy is being consumed, which caused the shortage of resources and climate change.
Building energy consumption is an important component of total society energy consumption .In western, it has been accounted for more than one-third of total energy consumption. Along with the development socio-economic and the rising of living standards, China's building energy consumption of the community gradually increased, and its proportion in total energy consumption is closing to 30%. Floor space of urban residential buildings’rapid growing caused tremendous rising of electricity consuming, which make the work of energy conservation a pressing action. To do this work effectively, we must proceed with energy final consumption in residential building, and then find out its influence factors and constraint conditions.
In this paper, the characters are studied based theoretical study on the literature research about energy final consumption in residential building. The different influence level for factors are gotten by the using of the calculation method for energy final consuming and the method of orthogonal experiment analysis. The result shows that operation mold, efficiency of HVAC equipments, indoor environmental parameters and climate are the more significant factors.
In this paper, the building energy consumption constraint conditions are defined and classified. Combined with the analysis of the sensitivity of residential building energy consumption factor, the above conclusions supply the approach to analysis the constraint conditions .They are climate constraints, technical constraints, action restraints, and other constraints. And their contents and characteristics are discussed.
Based on the study of household economic activity and living behaviors, the mechanism of energy consuming behavior of household is given. As a conduct of a human habitation, it also contains the main body, behavior patterns, spatial patterns, etc. elements. While in terms of economic activity, it has special attributes. That is it is constrained by household income and energy prices. So, energy consumption has four elements: the main residence (demand), time, energy use behavior space and living facilities.
All the influence factors of energy final consumption come down to three constraint indexes: power of energy-using equipments, energy-using time, system efficient. The relationship between every constraint and this three constraint indexes are given .Then the constraint mold of residential building is brought out.
Based on the survey about energy consumption condition in residential building in Shenzhen city, we make an analysis to energy consumption, which verified the reasonable of energy final consuming restrain mold in residential building.
建筑能耗是社会总能耗的重要组成部分,在西方发达国家,已占到各国社会总能耗的三分之一以上,伴随着社会经济发展水平和生活水平日益提高,我国建筑能耗占社会总能耗的比例逐渐升高,正逐步上升到30%。其中,城镇住宅建筑面积迅速增加,导致建筑用电量急剧增加,这使得居住建筑节能工作变得刻不容缓。要切实做好居住建筑节能工作,我们必须从居住建筑用能终端着手,找到制约居住建筑终端用能的因素和约束性条件。
本论文在已有文献理论研究的基础上,对居住建筑用能终端构成及特点进行分析,概述了各用能终端能耗的计算方法,并在居住建筑能耗影响因素浅析的基础上,通过用能终端能耗的计算方法、正交试验等分析了各因素对建筑终端能耗影响的主次性,得出了运行模式、采暖空调设备能效、室内环境参数、气候是影响居住建筑总体能耗较为显著的因素。
本论文对建筑能耗约束进行了定义及分类,结合居住建筑能耗敏感性因素分析,提出了居住建筑能耗的约束主要包括四类:气候约束、技术约束、用能行为约束以及其它约束,并对四个约束的包含的内容及特征进行了探讨。
在居民家庭经济行为和居住行为机理分析的基础上,本论文提出了家庭用能行为的机理,作为人类居住行为的一种,其同样包含主体、行为形态、空间形态等方面的要素,而从经济行为来讲,又有其特殊属性,即用能行为还受到家庭收入、能源价格等影响。因此,用能行为包含四个要素:居住主体(需求)、用能行为时间、用能行为空间及生活设施等。
本论文将影响居住建筑终端能耗的影响参数最终归结于三个约束性指标:用能设备功率、用能时间、设备综合运行率,并分析了各个约束与这三个约束性指标的关系,提出了居住建筑用能终端约束模型。
通过对深圳市居住建筑能耗及家庭用能行为的调研,对家庭用能行为约束做了分析,验证了居住建筑用能终端约束模型的合理性。
Energy is the foundation of survival and development of modern society. In recent years, with the rapid development of the global economy, the world's energy needs are growing rapidly. A large number of fossil energy is being consumed, which caused the shortage of resources and climate change.
Building energy consumption is an important component of total society energy consumption .In western, it has been accounted for more than one-third of total energy consumption. Along with the development socio-economic and the rising of living standards, China's building energy consumption of the community gradually increased, and its proportion in total energy consumption is closing to 30%. Floor space of urban residential buildings’rapid growing caused tremendous rising of electricity consuming, which make the work of energy conservation a pressing action. To do this work effectively, we must proceed with energy final consumption in residential building, and then find out its influence factors and constraint conditions.
In this paper, the characters are studied based theoretical study on the literature research about energy final consumption in residential building. The different influence level for factors are gotten by the using of the calculation method for energy final consuming and the method of orthogonal experiment analysis. The result shows that operation mold, efficiency of HVAC equipments, indoor environmental parameters and climate are the more significant factors.
In this paper, the building energy consumption constraint conditions are defined and classified. Combined with the analysis of the sensitivity of residential building energy consumption factor, the above conclusions supply the approach to analysis the constraint conditions .They are climate constraints, technical constraints, action restraints, and other constraints. And their contents and characteristics are discussed.
Based on the study of household economic activity and living behaviors, the mechanism of energy consuming behavior of household is given. As a conduct of a human habitation, it also contains the main body, behavior patterns, spatial patterns, etc. elements. While in terms of economic activity, it has special attributes. That is it is constrained by household income and energy prices. So, energy consumption has four elements: the main residence (demand), time, energy use behavior space and living facilities.
All the influence factors of energy final consumption come down to three constraint indexes: power of energy-using equipments, energy-using time, system efficient. The relationship between every constraint and this three constraint indexes are given .Then the constraint mold of residential building is brought out.
Based on the survey about energy consumption condition in residential building in Shenzhen city, we make an analysis to energy consumption, which verified the reasonable of energy final consuming restrain mold in residential building.
引文
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