输电阻塞成本分摊及应用研究
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摘要
阻塞是电力系统中的常见问题,它的出现将影响系统运行的经济性与可靠性。在电力市场环境下,对阻塞管理问题的研究具有理论意义和实践价值。阻塞管理是一项复杂的系统工程,它与电力市场的结构、系统的运行与规划等多种因素密切相关。本文对电力市场环境下实时市场、日前市场和中长期合约市场的阻塞成本问题进行了系统的、深入的研究,提出了双边交易模式下的阻塞成本分摊方法,为解决在运行中出现的阻塞问题提供了经济信号,有利于系统在短期内安全、经济地运行;针对中长期合约市场,提出了基于阻塞成本信号的网络规划方案,为从网络规划层面解决阻塞问题提供了依据,有利于系统在长期内稳定、健康地发展。
提出了基于阻塞线路影响程度的阻塞成本分摊的原则。按该原则,交易所分摊的线路阻塞成本与其在阻塞线路中引起的潮流变化量成正比。其中,潮流变化量为阻塞消除前和阻塞消除后交易在阻塞线路中的潮流份额之差。针对不同市场的结算特点和要求,分别采用基于交易功率微增量的方法和基于交易功率总量方法确定交易在阻塞线路中的潮流份额,进而计算其潮流变化量。
提出了实时市场中双边交易的阻塞成本快速分配方法。该方法首先计算系统阻塞成本对双边交易功率的灵敏度,通过灵敏度与交易功率乘积即可获得双边交易的阻塞成本。灵敏度能够为系统短期运行提供良好的经济信号,有利于市场成员及时了解系统运行状况。与基于节点电价的阻塞定价方法相比,所提方法更为直观地反映了双边交易对系统阻塞成本的影响,并且其计算速度与双边交易的数量及阻塞线路的数量无关,能够实现阻塞成本的快速分配,适用于目前市场的阻塞费用结算。
提出了日前市场中双边交易的阻塞成本分配方法。该方法根据交易对线路的影响程度进行阻塞成本分配,首先将全网阻塞成本分摊至阻塞线路,然后将线路阻塞成本分摊至引起阻塞的双边交易,各双边交易所分摊的线路阻塞成本与其在阻塞线路中引起的潮流变化量成正比。与根据对线路使用程度进行分摊的方法相比,所提方法能够更为合理地反映交易引起阻塞的责任。文中采用针
对交易功率总量计算的增量法确定交易在线路中的潮流份额,适用于日前市场
的阻塞费用结算。
提出了基于阻塞成本信号的网络规划方法。该方法将网络规划问题分解为
多级规划子问题,首先计算各级待选方案的有效性指标,然后计算各方案总有
效性指标,其值最大者为最优规划方案。该方法根据系统阻塞成本、影子价格
确定线路的阻塞行为指标,进而确定待选线路集合。与通过直观判断确定待选
线路的方法相比,阻塞行为指标提供了量化的数学依据。同时,采用综合考虑
系统运行成本、投资成本和用户效用的有效性指标确定新增线路的最佳位置,
可有效提高系统运行的经济性与可靠性。
关键词:电力市场;阻塞管理;阻塞成本分摊;网络规划;灵敏度;增量法;
阻塞行为指标;有效性指标。
Congestion is a common problem in electric power system and it affects economy and security of system operation. Under electric power market invironment, research on congestion management has theoretical significance and practical value. Congestion management is a complicated system project and it relates to many factors, such as structure of power market, network planning and system operation. In this paper congestion cost issue in real-time market, day-ahead market and forward market is researched. Congestion cost allocation methods in bilateral model are proposed. The allocation can provide economic signal for resolving congestion problem in operation and is favorable for system operating economically and safely in a short run. Network expasion scheme based on congestion cost signal is presented.A priciple of congestion cost allocation based on the degree of involvement is proposed. According to the principle, the cost of relieving a congested facility allocated to each transaction is proportional to the power flow change on the congested facility caused by the transaction. The Aggregated allocation method based on total transaction magnitude is adopted to determine the power flow in the congested line caused by each transaction in day-ahead market accounting, and the sensitivity method based on incermental transaction magnitude to accounting in real-time market.A method based on sensitivity is presented for allocating the cost of congestion relief in real-time market. Firstly, the sensitivity of congestion cost with bilateral transaction power is calculated. Then the cost allocated to each transaction is derived from the sensitivity multiplied by magnitude of contract power. For short-term run, the sensitivity can provide good economic signals. Differences between congestion cost and merchandise surplus are analyzed. Research indicates that the proposed method can allocate fastly the congestion cost, and the efficiency is not related to quantity of congested lines and bilateral transactions.
A method of allocating congestion cost to bilatarel transactions in day-ahead market is proposed. The proposed method is a two-step process, in which the total congestion cost is firstly allocated to congested facilities and then to each transaction involved. The cost of relieving a congested facility allocated to each transaction is proportional to the power flow change on the congested facility caused by the transaction. The more the power flow change on the congested facility caused by the transaction is, the deeper the degree of involvement by the transaction is. The results can reflect reasonably the degree of involvement by each transaction in the congestion and provide correct price signals contributing to relieve congestion. Aggregated allocation approach is adopted to determine the power flow in the congested line caused by each transaction, which makes the proposed method suitable for accouting in day-ahead market.A framework for transmission planning in a deregulated electricity market environment is proposed. The level of congestion in the network is utilized as the driving signal for the need of network expansion. The network expansion problem is decoupled into multiple-stage planning subproblems. In each subproblem, validity index of candidates are computed. Then the total validity index(TVI) of each candidate is computed and the candidate which is provided with the maximal total validity index is selected as the optimal scheme. The proposed method determines the location according to validity index composed of running cost, investment cost and load benefit, which can improve economy and reliability. Meanwhile, the candidates are determined based on congeston performance index(CPI) which is derived from congeston cost and shadow price. CPI provides mathmatics basis for planning, which contributes to improve efficiency and quanlity of planning.
提出了基于阻塞线路影响程度的阻塞成本分摊的原则。按该原则,交易所分摊的线路阻塞成本与其在阻塞线路中引起的潮流变化量成正比。其中,潮流变化量为阻塞消除前和阻塞消除后交易在阻塞线路中的潮流份额之差。针对不同市场的结算特点和要求,分别采用基于交易功率微增量的方法和基于交易功率总量方法确定交易在阻塞线路中的潮流份额,进而计算其潮流变化量。
提出了实时市场中双边交易的阻塞成本快速分配方法。该方法首先计算系统阻塞成本对双边交易功率的灵敏度,通过灵敏度与交易功率乘积即可获得双边交易的阻塞成本。灵敏度能够为系统短期运行提供良好的经济信号,有利于市场成员及时了解系统运行状况。与基于节点电价的阻塞定价方法相比,所提方法更为直观地反映了双边交易对系统阻塞成本的影响,并且其计算速度与双边交易的数量及阻塞线路的数量无关,能够实现阻塞成本的快速分配,适用于目前市场的阻塞费用结算。
提出了日前市场中双边交易的阻塞成本分配方法。该方法根据交易对线路的影响程度进行阻塞成本分配,首先将全网阻塞成本分摊至阻塞线路,然后将线路阻塞成本分摊至引起阻塞的双边交易,各双边交易所分摊的线路阻塞成本与其在阻塞线路中引起的潮流变化量成正比。与根据对线路使用程度进行分摊的方法相比,所提方法能够更为合理地反映交易引起阻塞的责任。文中采用针
对交易功率总量计算的增量法确定交易在线路中的潮流份额,适用于日前市场
的阻塞费用结算。
提出了基于阻塞成本信号的网络规划方法。该方法将网络规划问题分解为
多级规划子问题,首先计算各级待选方案的有效性指标,然后计算各方案总有
效性指标,其值最大者为最优规划方案。该方法根据系统阻塞成本、影子价格
确定线路的阻塞行为指标,进而确定待选线路集合。与通过直观判断确定待选
线路的方法相比,阻塞行为指标提供了量化的数学依据。同时,采用综合考虑
系统运行成本、投资成本和用户效用的有效性指标确定新增线路的最佳位置,
可有效提高系统运行的经济性与可靠性。
关键词:电力市场;阻塞管理;阻塞成本分摊;网络规划;灵敏度;增量法;
阻塞行为指标;有效性指标。
Congestion is a common problem in electric power system and it affects economy and security of system operation. Under electric power market invironment, research on congestion management has theoretical significance and practical value. Congestion management is a complicated system project and it relates to many factors, such as structure of power market, network planning and system operation. In this paper congestion cost issue in real-time market, day-ahead market and forward market is researched. Congestion cost allocation methods in bilateral model are proposed. The allocation can provide economic signal for resolving congestion problem in operation and is favorable for system operating economically and safely in a short run. Network expasion scheme based on congestion cost signal is presented.A priciple of congestion cost allocation based on the degree of involvement is proposed. According to the principle, the cost of relieving a congested facility allocated to each transaction is proportional to the power flow change on the congested facility caused by the transaction. The Aggregated allocation method based on total transaction magnitude is adopted to determine the power flow in the congested line caused by each transaction in day-ahead market accounting, and the sensitivity method based on incermental transaction magnitude to accounting in real-time market.A method based on sensitivity is presented for allocating the cost of congestion relief in real-time market. Firstly, the sensitivity of congestion cost with bilateral transaction power is calculated. Then the cost allocated to each transaction is derived from the sensitivity multiplied by magnitude of contract power. For short-term run, the sensitivity can provide good economic signals. Differences between congestion cost and merchandise surplus are analyzed. Research indicates that the proposed method can allocate fastly the congestion cost, and the efficiency is not related to quantity of congested lines and bilateral transactions.
A method of allocating congestion cost to bilatarel transactions in day-ahead market is proposed. The proposed method is a two-step process, in which the total congestion cost is firstly allocated to congested facilities and then to each transaction involved. The cost of relieving a congested facility allocated to each transaction is proportional to the power flow change on the congested facility caused by the transaction. The more the power flow change on the congested facility caused by the transaction is, the deeper the degree of involvement by the transaction is. The results can reflect reasonably the degree of involvement by each transaction in the congestion and provide correct price signals contributing to relieve congestion. Aggregated allocation approach is adopted to determine the power flow in the congested line caused by each transaction, which makes the proposed method suitable for accouting in day-ahead market.A framework for transmission planning in a deregulated electricity market environment is proposed. The level of congestion in the network is utilized as the driving signal for the need of network expansion. The network expansion problem is decoupled into multiple-stage planning subproblems. In each subproblem, validity index of candidates are computed. Then the total validity index(TVI) of each candidate is computed and the candidate which is provided with the maximal total validity index is selected as the optimal scheme. The proposed method determines the location according to validity index composed of running cost, investment cost and load benefit, which can improve economy and reliability. Meanwhile, the candidates are determined based on congeston performance index(CPI) which is derived from congeston cost and shadow price. CPI provides mathmatics basis for planning, which contributes to improve efficiency and quanlity of planning.
引文
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