基于照相法的人体建模及在车身布置中的应用研究
|
摘要
人体模型是汽车设计必备的一种测量和模拟分析工具。然而建立相应的人体模型就要以人体尺寸数据为基础,测量人体尺寸、建立人体数据库是一项复杂、繁琐、周期长的工作。随着社会和经济的不断发展,汽车行业越来越强调个性化服务,因此用于汽车车身设计与布置的人体模型必须有时效性,代表性。目前世界上欧美日本等发达国家都有自己的人体测量方法和相应的大型人体尺寸数据库。传统手工测量方法效率低、测量结果不准确,而现代三维扫描测量系统造价昂贵,实验器材庞大。本文结合这两种测量方法的优缺点,有针对性的采用了一种测量方法：用数码照相测量人体尺寸。它具有高效率,低成本、实验设备携带方便等优点。并在此基础上利用CATIA软件建立相应的人体模型,用于汽车车身设计、布置、校核等工作。
首先对介绍了数码照相测量人体尺寸的实验方法。制定了照相法测量的具体实验原理、方法、场地选择、参与实验被测人员等。为了测量结果更加准确,分析了照相法测量人体误差的产生原因,根据各个原因的制定出相应的手段和方法去减少误差。并且验证了照相法实验的可行性,使得整个实验有意义。采用照相的方法测量人体尺寸尽可能少的占用了被测量人员的时间,只需1到2分钟拍摄照片,后期测量人体各项尺寸只需要用相关软件分析用户照片便可。而且实验成本低,实验设备轻便易携带,测量技术相对好掌握,效率较高。同时研究了现有人体数据库建立方法,为建立数据库方法选择和计算等后续工作打下基础。
其次研究了CATIA自定义参数化人体模型的建立。在CATIA人机工程模块中,根据CATIA人体模型文件及和格式要求,对现有人体尺寸做基本数据处理,求出平均值和标准差以及进行相关分析,利用根据不同人体尺寸之间的相关系数大小,结合实际意义的要求对各人体尺寸项的计算方法进行等研究,建立做一元回归方程和多元回归方程,并对方程和相关系数的显著性进行f检验和t检验。借助Excel软件来完成显著性检验,用EXCEL可以直接得到判断显著结果的数值,结果显示只有回归方程和回归系数同时具有较高的显著性,所建立的回归方程有实际意义和价值。对常见人体尺寸数据库格式进行研究,建立这些数据库的格式转换方法,生成符合CATIA数据格式和要求的人体模型文件,建立参数化人体模型。
最后根据所建立的人体模型在某一汽车平台上进行内饰布置设计。确定空间大小、座椅位置方向盘的布置,并在布置完成的汽车上应用CATIA V5软件相应的模块功能对进行驾驶员进行坐姿舒适性评估,评估结果显示座椅布置满足各个肢体夹角舒适要求。并且根据相关的国家标准对该车在不同工况下对驾驶员进行视野校核和视野仿真。结果显示视野要求符合国家标准。
Human body model is an essential measure and simulation tool of automotive design. However, we must establish the appropriate human model based on data of human body size, the body size measurements and establishment of the human body database is a complex, cumbersome, long cycle work. The automotive industry more and more emphasis on personalized service with the continuous development of society and the economy, so the human model used for car body design and layout must be timely, representative. The world's developed countries such as America and Japan have their own methods of body measurement and the corresponding large database of body size. Traditional manual measurement methods are low efficiency and its results are not accurate, modern three-dimensional scanning system is expensive with huge laboratory equipment. In this paper, we uses a measurement method:measurement of body size with digital photography as a target combined with advantages and disadvantages of the two measurement methods. It has high efficiency, low cost, laboratory equipment easy to carry. And on this basis, using CATIA software to establish the appropriate human model for car body design, layout and checking work.
Firstly, the experimental methods of digital photography measuring the human dimensions are introduced. The experimental specific principles, methods, site selection, personnel participating in the experiment of Image Measurement are measured and so on. In order to make measure results more accurately, I research on causes of errors when measuring the body by photography, making the appropriate means and methods to reduce errors according to the various reasons. And feasibility of experimental photography is verified, making the whole experiment worthwhile. It will size take up minimal time, only 1 to 2 minutes, for staff by using photographic methods to measure body, the user only to use photo software to measure of the size of the body by photo. The experimental is low-cost with lightweight portable test equipment, and measuring technology is relatively good grasp of higher efficiency. Also, the existing methods of human databases are studied, the establishment of a database selection and calculation method of follow-up basis.
Second, make research on the parametric body model using CATIA. in CATIA ergonomics module, human body model based on CATIA format documents and requirements, do the basic data processing according to the existing body size, and the mean and standard deviation are calculated for correlation analysis, the use of correlation coefficient according to size between different body, such studies calculating method of the human body size combined with the requirements of the actual significance, the establishment of regression equations and multiple regression equations, and make equations and correlation coefficients significant by f test and t test. Using Excel software to complete the test of significance which can be judged by EXCEL significant numerical results, results show that the established regression equation has real meaning and value only the regression equation and regression coefficient are both significantly higher. Study the common database format of the human body size, the conversion method establishment of these database formats to generate the body model files required by CATIA data format and to establish the human parameters model.
Finally, design the interior layout on a car platform according to the established human model. Determine the space, seating arrangement, the steering wheel position, after completing the car layout, the application of driver to sit comfortably on the assessment corresponding to CATIA V5 software module functions,evaluation results show that the furnished seat comfortably meet the requirements of angle between each limb. And check the field vision of car driver in accordance with relevant national standards, making vision simulation on under different conditions. The results show that vision requirements in line with national standards.
首先对介绍了数码照相测量人体尺寸的实验方法。制定了照相法测量的具体实验原理、方法、场地选择、参与实验被测人员等。为了测量结果更加准确,分析了照相法测量人体误差的产生原因,根据各个原因的制定出相应的手段和方法去减少误差。并且验证了照相法实验的可行性,使得整个实验有意义。采用照相的方法测量人体尺寸尽可能少的占用了被测量人员的时间,只需1到2分钟拍摄照片,后期测量人体各项尺寸只需要用相关软件分析用户照片便可。而且实验成本低,实验设备轻便易携带,测量技术相对好掌握,效率较高。同时研究了现有人体数据库建立方法,为建立数据库方法选择和计算等后续工作打下基础。
其次研究了CATIA自定义参数化人体模型的建立。在CATIA人机工程模块中,根据CATIA人体模型文件及和格式要求,对现有人体尺寸做基本数据处理,求出平均值和标准差以及进行相关分析,利用根据不同人体尺寸之间的相关系数大小,结合实际意义的要求对各人体尺寸项的计算方法进行等研究,建立做一元回归方程和多元回归方程,并对方程和相关系数的显著性进行f检验和t检验。借助Excel软件来完成显著性检验,用EXCEL可以直接得到判断显著结果的数值,结果显示只有回归方程和回归系数同时具有较高的显著性,所建立的回归方程有实际意义和价值。对常见人体尺寸数据库格式进行研究,建立这些数据库的格式转换方法,生成符合CATIA数据格式和要求的人体模型文件,建立参数化人体模型。
最后根据所建立的人体模型在某一汽车平台上进行内饰布置设计。确定空间大小、座椅位置方向盘的布置,并在布置完成的汽车上应用CATIA V5软件相应的模块功能对进行驾驶员进行坐姿舒适性评估,评估结果显示座椅布置满足各个肢体夹角舒适要求。并且根据相关的国家标准对该车在不同工况下对驾驶员进行视野校核和视野仿真。结果显示视野要求符合国家标准。
Human body model is an essential measure and simulation tool of automotive design. However, we must establish the appropriate human model based on data of human body size, the body size measurements and establishment of the human body database is a complex, cumbersome, long cycle work. The automotive industry more and more emphasis on personalized service with the continuous development of society and the economy, so the human model used for car body design and layout must be timely, representative. The world's developed countries such as America and Japan have their own methods of body measurement and the corresponding large database of body size. Traditional manual measurement methods are low efficiency and its results are not accurate, modern three-dimensional scanning system is expensive with huge laboratory equipment. In this paper, we uses a measurement method:measurement of body size with digital photography as a target combined with advantages and disadvantages of the two measurement methods. It has high efficiency, low cost, laboratory equipment easy to carry. And on this basis, using CATIA software to establish the appropriate human model for car body design, layout and checking work.
Firstly, the experimental methods of digital photography measuring the human dimensions are introduced. The experimental specific principles, methods, site selection, personnel participating in the experiment of Image Measurement are measured and so on. In order to make measure results more accurately, I research on causes of errors when measuring the body by photography, making the appropriate means and methods to reduce errors according to the various reasons. And feasibility of experimental photography is verified, making the whole experiment worthwhile. It will size take up minimal time, only 1 to 2 minutes, for staff by using photographic methods to measure body, the user only to use photo software to measure of the size of the body by photo. The experimental is low-cost with lightweight portable test equipment, and measuring technology is relatively good grasp of higher efficiency. Also, the existing methods of human databases are studied, the establishment of a database selection and calculation method of follow-up basis.
Second, make research on the parametric body model using CATIA. in CATIA ergonomics module, human body model based on CATIA format documents and requirements, do the basic data processing according to the existing body size, and the mean and standard deviation are calculated for correlation analysis, the use of correlation coefficient according to size between different body, such studies calculating method of the human body size combined with the requirements of the actual significance, the establishment of regression equations and multiple regression equations, and make equations and correlation coefficients significant by f test and t test. Using Excel software to complete the test of significance which can be judged by EXCEL significant numerical results, results show that the established regression equation has real meaning and value only the regression equation and regression coefficient are both significantly higher. Study the common database format of the human body size, the conversion method establishment of these database formats to generate the body model files required by CATIA data format and to establish the human parameters model.
Finally, design the interior layout on a car platform according to the established human model. Determine the space, seating arrangement, the steering wheel position, after completing the car layout, the application of driver to sit comfortably on the assessment corresponding to CATIA V5 software module functions,evaluation results show that the furnished seat comfortably meet the requirements of angle between each limb. And check the field vision of car driver in accordance with relevant national standards, making vision simulation on under different conditions. The results show that vision requirements in line with national standards.
引文
[1]潘志国,王兰美,郭业民,人体测量在工业设计领域的应用,机械制造与自动化,2004.01
[2]Dennis Gryp, Bruce Bradtmiller, Anthropometric Study of U.S. Truck Drivers: Methods and Approach, SAE Paper 2002-01-3107
[3]谭菲,基于数字图像的青年女性体型及非接触式二维测量系统研究女,苏州大学硕士论文,2010.05
[4]姜涛,基于数码照片测量技术的女性人体体型研究非,苏州大学硕士论文,200905
[5]李勇,付小莉,尚会超,三维人体测量方法的研究,2001.08
[6]黄秀丽,基于数字图像的青年女体测量系统研究,苏州大学硕士论文,2009.05
[7]张峻霞,梅飞雪,赵俊芬,CATI A V5人机工程学功能及应用,包装工程,2005.03
[8]栾宝国,汽车人机工程学三维人体模型的建立和应用,北京汽车2005.08
[9]翟文斌,基于图像处理的人体测量,吉林大学硕士论文,2006.05
[10]CATIA Object Manager, Interactive User Access Reference Manual, DASSAULT SYSTEMES
[11]李晓志,基于非接触式三维人体测量技术的人体数据处理与三维建模的研究天津工业大学硕士论文,2007.12
[12]国家标准
[13]胡海滔,吴星玮,李志忠,照相法测量人体尺寸的误差验证,实验科技与管理,2005.12
[14]宋福宏,基于汽车人机工程的虚拟人体模型研究,哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文,2007.03
[15]中华人民共和国国家标准GB3975-83.人体测量术语.国家标准局.1983.12
[16]中华人民共和国国家标准GB5703-85.人体测量方法.国家标准局.1985.12
[17]戢敏,基于人机工程的动态人体模型研究和应用,四川大学硕士论文,2004.05
[18]刘春荣,面向汽车人机工程设计的人体建模系统及其关键技术研究,武汉理工大学博士论文,2002.03
[19]Gopal Nadadur, Gopal Nadadur, Anthropometry for a North American Manufacturing Population, SAE Paper 2009-01
[20]Thomas Seitz, Jochen Balzulat, Heiner Bubb,Anthropometry and measurement of posture and motion, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2000
[21]温吾凡,汽车人体工程学,吉林科学技术出版社,1991
[22]Thomas Seitz and Heiner Bubb, Measuring of Human Anthropometry, Posture and Motion, SAE Paper 1999-01-1913,1999
[23]Tania S. Douglas, Image processing for craniofacial landmark identification and measurement:a review of photogrammetry and cephalometry, Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics 2004.06
[24]丁玉兰,郭钢等,人机工程学,北京理工大学出版社,2000.02
[25]Karen S. Young, Sarah Margerum and Abbe Barr, Mike A. Ferrer, Sudhakar Rajulu,Generation of Boundary Manikin Anthropometry, SAE Paper 2008-01-2107
[26]Patrick Chi-Yuen Hung, Channa P. Witana, and Ravindra S. Goonetilleke, Anthropometric Measurements from Photographic Images, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,2004
[27]程伟,非接触式人体三维测量,天津工业大学硕士论文2007.01
[28]Marianne Gittoes, Ian Bezodis, and Cassie Wilson, An Image-based approach to obtaining anthropometric measurements for athlete-specific inertia modeling, University of Wales Institute,1990
[29]Jeong Hoon Lee and Bo Kyung Kwon and Sung Chul Choi, The Optimal Design of Foot Rest Simulated with CATIA V5 Human, SAE Paper 2009-01-2278
[30]兰豹,基于中国人体尺寸的汽车驾驶室人机工程研究,吉林大学硕士论文,2009.04
[31]任金东,范子杰,黄金陵,数字人体模型技术及其在汽车人机工程设计中的应用综述,汽车工程,2006.07
[32]张峻霞,梅飞雪,赵俊芬,CATIA V5人机工程学功能及应用,包装工程,2005.06
[33]张广海,基于人机工程学的汽车室内数字化设计研究,江苏大学硕士论文,2007.04
[34]李冬屹,陈波,基于CATIA V5的钻机司钻控制房人机分析,石油机械,2008.04
[35]张秀艳,基于人机工程学的网球轮椅设计,大连交通大学硕士论文,2007.01
[36]郭淑颖,基于人机工程学的机械产品虚拟建模的研究,长春理工大学硕士论文,2009.03
[37]Vivek Bhise,Ghassan Kridli, Huzefa Mamoola,Shawn Devaraj,Anitha Pillai and Roger Shulze,Development of a Parametric Model for Advanced Vehicle Design, SAE Paper 2004-01-0381
[38]Josef Loczi, Application of the 3-D CAD Manikin RAMSIS, SAE Paper 2000-01-2165
[39]Gopal Nadadur and Matthew B. Parkinson, Extrapolation of Anthropometric Measures to New Populations, SAE Paper 2009-01-1858
[40]占建云,郑晋军,汽车车身总布置设计工具综述,汽车科技,2002.09
[41]王迦,基于CATIAV5知识工程建立车身总布置模板方法的研究,吉林大学硕士论文,2006.05
[42]岳岱衡,基于RAMSIS的轿车内部人机工程布置与分析,吉林大学硕士论文,2007.10
[43]龙昭宇,基于CATIA V5的汽车车身总布置设计工具的二次开发,吉林大学硕士论文,2008.04
[44]SAE J826-2002, H-Point Machine and Design Tool Procedures and Specifications
[45]SAE Recommended Practice J826, Devices for Use in Defining and Measuring Vehicle Seating Accommodation,1988.06
[46]SAE J/ISO 3411, US National Adoption of ISO 3411
[47]温吾凡,汽车人体工程学,吉林科学技术出版社,1991.07
[48]SAE J1050—2002, Motor Vehicle Driver and Passenger Head Position
[49]吕昌平,韩菲菲,汽车驾驶员视野校核方法,天津汽车,2007.10
[50]国家标准GB11562-1994汽车驾驶员前方视野要求及测量方法
[51]Heiner Bubb, Stefan Estermann, Influence of Forces on Comfort Feeling in Vehicles, SAE Paper,2000-01-2171
[52]Jeong Hoon Lee and Bo Kyung Kwon, Gyouhyung Kyung and Maury A. Nussbaum Predicting Driving Postures and Seated Positions in SUVs Using a 3D Digital Human Modeling Tool SAE Paper 2008-01-1856
[53]Brian Peacock, Waldemar Karwowiski, Automotive Ergonomics, London Washington DC, USA:Taylor & Francis,1993
[2]Dennis Gryp, Bruce Bradtmiller, Anthropometric Study of U.S. Truck Drivers: Methods and Approach, SAE Paper 2002-01-3107
[3]谭菲,基于数字图像的青年女性体型及非接触式二维测量系统研究女,苏州大学硕士论文,2010.05
[4]姜涛,基于数码照片测量技术的女性人体体型研究非,苏州大学硕士论文,200905
[5]李勇,付小莉,尚会超,三维人体测量方法的研究,2001.08
[6]黄秀丽,基于数字图像的青年女体测量系统研究,苏州大学硕士论文,2009.05
[7]张峻霞,梅飞雪,赵俊芬,CATI A V5人机工程学功能及应用,包装工程,2005.03
[8]栾宝国,汽车人机工程学三维人体模型的建立和应用,北京汽车2005.08
[9]翟文斌,基于图像处理的人体测量,吉林大学硕士论文,2006.05
[10]CATIA Object Manager, Interactive User Access Reference Manual, DASSAULT SYSTEMES
[11]李晓志,基于非接触式三维人体测量技术的人体数据处理与三维建模的研究天津工业大学硕士论文,2007.12
[12]国家标准
[13]胡海滔,吴星玮,李志忠,照相法测量人体尺寸的误差验证,实验科技与管理,2005.12
[14]宋福宏,基于汽车人机工程的虚拟人体模型研究,哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文,2007.03
[15]中华人民共和国国家标准GB3975-83.人体测量术语.国家标准局.1983.12
[16]中华人民共和国国家标准GB5703-85.人体测量方法.国家标准局.1985.12
[17]戢敏,基于人机工程的动态人体模型研究和应用,四川大学硕士论文,2004.05
[18]刘春荣,面向汽车人机工程设计的人体建模系统及其关键技术研究,武汉理工大学博士论文,2002.03
[19]Gopal Nadadur, Gopal Nadadur, Anthropometry for a North American Manufacturing Population, SAE Paper 2009-01
[20]Thomas Seitz, Jochen Balzulat, Heiner Bubb,Anthropometry and measurement of posture and motion, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,2000
[21]温吾凡,汽车人体工程学,吉林科学技术出版社,1991
[22]Thomas Seitz and Heiner Bubb, Measuring of Human Anthropometry, Posture and Motion, SAE Paper 1999-01-1913,1999
[23]Tania S. Douglas, Image processing for craniofacial landmark identification and measurement:a review of photogrammetry and cephalometry, Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics 2004.06
[24]丁玉兰,郭钢等,人机工程学,北京理工大学出版社,2000.02
[25]Karen S. Young, Sarah Margerum and Abbe Barr, Mike A. Ferrer, Sudhakar Rajulu,Generation of Boundary Manikin Anthropometry, SAE Paper 2008-01-2107
[26]Patrick Chi-Yuen Hung, Channa P. Witana, and Ravindra S. Goonetilleke, Anthropometric Measurements from Photographic Images, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,2004
[27]程伟,非接触式人体三维测量,天津工业大学硕士论文2007.01
[28]Marianne Gittoes, Ian Bezodis, and Cassie Wilson, An Image-based approach to obtaining anthropometric measurements for athlete-specific inertia modeling, University of Wales Institute,1990
[29]Jeong Hoon Lee and Bo Kyung Kwon and Sung Chul Choi, The Optimal Design of Foot Rest Simulated with CATIA V5 Human, SAE Paper 2009-01-2278
[30]兰豹,基于中国人体尺寸的汽车驾驶室人机工程研究,吉林大学硕士论文,2009.04
[31]任金东,范子杰,黄金陵,数字人体模型技术及其在汽车人机工程设计中的应用综述,汽车工程,2006.07
[32]张峻霞,梅飞雪,赵俊芬,CATIA V5人机工程学功能及应用,包装工程,2005.06
[33]张广海,基于人机工程学的汽车室内数字化设计研究,江苏大学硕士论文,2007.04
[34]李冬屹,陈波,基于CATIA V5的钻机司钻控制房人机分析,石油机械,2008.04
[35]张秀艳,基于人机工程学的网球轮椅设计,大连交通大学硕士论文,2007.01
[36]郭淑颖,基于人机工程学的机械产品虚拟建模的研究,长春理工大学硕士论文,2009.03
[37]Vivek Bhise,Ghassan Kridli, Huzefa Mamoola,Shawn Devaraj,Anitha Pillai and Roger Shulze,Development of a Parametric Model for Advanced Vehicle Design, SAE Paper 2004-01-0381
[38]Josef Loczi, Application of the 3-D CAD Manikin RAMSIS, SAE Paper 2000-01-2165
[39]Gopal Nadadur and Matthew B. Parkinson, Extrapolation of Anthropometric Measures to New Populations, SAE Paper 2009-01-1858
[40]占建云,郑晋军,汽车车身总布置设计工具综述,汽车科技,2002.09
[41]王迦,基于CATIAV5知识工程建立车身总布置模板方法的研究,吉林大学硕士论文,2006.05
[42]岳岱衡,基于RAMSIS的轿车内部人机工程布置与分析,吉林大学硕士论文,2007.10
[43]龙昭宇,基于CATIA V5的汽车车身总布置设计工具的二次开发,吉林大学硕士论文,2008.04
[44]SAE J826-2002, H-Point Machine and Design Tool Procedures and Specifications
[45]SAE Recommended Practice J826, Devices for Use in Defining and Measuring Vehicle Seating Accommodation,1988.06
[46]SAE J/ISO 3411, US National Adoption of ISO 3411
[47]温吾凡,汽车人体工程学,吉林科学技术出版社,1991.07
[48]SAE J1050—2002, Motor Vehicle Driver and Passenger Head Position
[49]吕昌平,韩菲菲,汽车驾驶员视野校核方法,天津汽车,2007.10
[50]国家标准GB11562-1994汽车驾驶员前方视野要求及测量方法
[51]Heiner Bubb, Stefan Estermann, Influence of Forces on Comfort Feeling in Vehicles, SAE Paper,2000-01-2171
[52]Jeong Hoon Lee and Bo Kyung Kwon, Gyouhyung Kyung and Maury A. Nussbaum Predicting Driving Postures and Seated Positions in SUVs Using a 3D Digital Human Modeling Tool SAE Paper 2008-01-1856
[53]Brian Peacock, Waldemar Karwowiski, Automotive Ergonomics, London Washington DC, USA:Taylor & Francis,1993