工业设计网络化协同系统及关键技术研究
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摘要
随着经济全球化进程的加速，跨行业、跨地区、跨国家的联盟型虚拟企业发展迅速，分布式协同设计与制造需求应运而生。工业设计作为一种与人类生活密切相关的重要设计活动，具有多学科知识交叉、设计指标模糊隐含、设计过程动态耦合等特性，为适应当今社会激烈的市场竞争，工业设计必须具有市场反应速度快、产品创新度和性价比高、以人为本、绿色环保等现代产品设计理念。对此充分利用现有的通信技术、网络技术以及计算机技术，构建一个能快速响应市场、多角色协同工作、知识推送与获取无障碍的工业设计网络化协同设计环境，是工业设计领域亟需研究解决的重要课题。
论文针对工业设计特点，重点对工业设计网络化协同系统以及关键技术进行了研究：
1.知识获取机制与知识表示
工业设计是以人为本的设计，其设计过程涉及到多学科的知识。除了工程类的设计知识，还有与人及环境相关的美学、社会学以及心理学等知识。论文首先进行了工业设计网络化协同系统的知识需求分析，将工业设计协同系统下的知识分为领域知识、模型知识、用户知识和过程知识，并给出相应的知识获取机制；其次利用本体论能解决不同系统间分布式知识的检索、共享和重用问题，论文研究建立了工业设计的领域知识模型以及知识库结构存储模型。其中知识库存储模型设计为知识索引层、元知识层、知识关联层，知识元层的4×4维矩阵数据库存储结构。并以人机工程设计知识为例，阐明了基于知识模型的领域知识本体化表示方法，为实现协同系统的知识集成奠定基础；为了便于设计过程模型知识的协同，建立了包含结构本体、外形式本体以及语义层本体的多元化模型本体知识。
2.协同设计工作流建模与过程知识获取
工业设计活动具有群体协作性、动态分布性、并发执行性和共享协同性，其工作流呈现出阶段性、反复性、层次性、并行性和动态性，为此论文提出采用基于普通Petri网扩展的有色Petri （CPN）对工业设计工作流建模。为简化建模和模型分析，论文采用层次化CPN，实现工业设计顶层工作流及其子网的建模，并通过可遍历性树和时间效率验证了模型的合理性；为提高工业设计过程知识的重用性，将工业设计活动的过程知识分为过程管理知识、过程模型知识和过程相关知识，建立了基于本体的过程知识模型。基于建立的工业设计协同系统CPN的托肯颜色集以及由托肯对库所和变迁的着色功能，实现过程知识获取。
3.基于用户需求的隐性知识获取
隐性知识是指模糊的无法准确量化的知识，通常用户用来描述对产品的情感与喜好的一些感性式表达，获取这些隐性知识是工业设计协同设计关键技术之一。论文分析总结了当前隐性知识获取的研究方法、实现流程及数学工具，指出用户知识对隐性知识获取的重要性，建立了用户-感知特征-设计特征映射（MUPD）模型，丰富了隐性知识获取的内涵；利用感性工学的研究方法和数据分析理论，建立MUPD过程知识的概念本体树以及本体化模型，设计实现了交互导航式的MUPD知识获取，提高了知识获取的自动化和交互性，并通过实例测试，验证了本研究的有效性。
4.知识集成与原型系统的实现
基于对工业设计特点、协同需求以及关键技术研究，建立了基于知识推送、知识获取及工作流管理的知识集成功能模型及系统模型。采用本体开发工具Protégé和C#，基于XML的SOAP协议以及Web Services技术，开发了工业设计网络协同设计原型系统。该原型系统集成了领域知识、模型知识、用户知识和过程知识，具有设计项目管理、人力资源管理、领域知识管理、隐性知识获取、过程知识库管理以及设计工作流管理等基本功能，实现了工业设计网络化协同工作与知识共享，提高了工业设计效率。
With the acceleration of economic globalization, as well as the rapid development ofmulti-industry, cross-regional and cross-national virtual enterprises, the demand of adistributed collaborative design and manufacturing arises at the historic moment. As animportant product design activity closely related to our life， industrial design ischaracterized by cross-multidisciplinary, fuzzy implicit design specifications and dynamiccoupling of the design process. To adapt to the fierce market competition, industrial designmust have such modern product design philosophy as quick market response, high-levelinnovation and cost-effective, people oriented and green. Therefore, with the existingtechnology of communication, network and computer, it has been an important issue to besolved urgently, which builds an industrial design networked collaborative environmentfeatured by quick response to market, multi-role work cooperation and barrier-freeknowledge pushing and knowledge acquisition.
According to the features of industrial design, the paper focuses on the research of theindustrial design networked collaborative system and key technology:
1. The knowledge acquisition mechanism and knowledge expression.
Industrial design refers to the people-oriented design and its design process relates tokinds of disciplines and much knowledge. Apart from the knowledge of engineering design,there is a wealth of knowledge closely related to humans and environment such as aesthetic,sociology, psychology, etc. Firstly，analyzing the demands for knowledge of the industrialdesign networked collaborative system, the paper puts forward the industrial designknowledge consists of domain knowledge, model knowledge,user knowledge and processknowledge, and gives corresponding knowledge acquisition mechanisms. Secondly, thestudy builds a knowledge model for industrial domain knowledge using Ontology to solvethe questions about retrieval, sharing and reuse of the distributed knowledge in differentsystems. The knowledge-base storage model designed as a4*4-dimensional database, i.e. itis composed of the index layer, the meta-knowledge layer, the knowledge relation layerand the knowledge element layer is also given in the paper. And the paper takes anexample of Ergonomics knowledge to clarify the method for the domain knowledgeontology expression based on the knowledge model. Thus the basis of knowledgeintegration of cooperative system is founded. In order to coordinate the model knowledgein design process, the multifaceted Ontology knowledge of model which includes the structure, the external pattern and the semantic layer is established.
2. Cooperative design workflow modeling and process knowledge acquisition.
Industrial design is characterized by group cooperation, dynamic distribution,concurrent execution and collaborative sharing. The workflow features staged, recurrent,hierarchical, coordinate and dynamic. The paper proposes a model for industrial designworkflow with the extended Colored Petri Net (CPN) based on common Petri Net. Tosimplify and analyze the model, the paper employs the hierarchical CPN to construct themodels of the top-level workflow and the subnet workflow of industrial design. Thefeasibility of the CPN model is verified by ergodicity tree analysis and time-efficiency. Toincrease the reuseability of process knowledge, the paper divides the process knowledgeinto process management knowledge, process model knowledge and process relatedknowledge, hence the model based on Ontology is established. By building the CPN tokencolor set of the industrial design cooperative system and the coloring for place andtransition by token library, it achieves the acquisition of the process knowledge.
3. The tacit knowledge acquisition based on the user requirements.
The tacit knowledge is about fuzzy and in-quantifiable knowledge. It is used todescribe the emotional expressions based on emotion and preferences to product. Toacquire the tacit knowledge is one of the key technologies in industrial design. By theanalysis summary of research methods, implementation process and mathematical toolsacquiring the tacit knowledge, the paper indicates the importance of user knowledge to thetacit knowledge acquisition and establishes an User-Perception feature-Design featuremodel, thus enriches the meaning of the tacit knowledge acquisition. The paper usesKansei engineering research methods and data analysis theory to build the ontology MUPD(Mapping of User-Perception feature-Design feature) concept ontology tree and ontologymodel of process knowledge. It designs the alternating navigation of MUPD knowledgeacquisition, thus improves the automation and interactivity of tacit knowledge acquisition.And the last verifies the validity of this study with an instance.
4. Knowledge integration and the realization of the prototype system.
Based on the study of industrial design features, collaboration and key technology, thepaper establishes the collaborative design function model and system model on the basis ofknowledge pushing, knowledge acquisition and workflow management. With the use of theontology development tool (Protégé2000) and C#, the industrial design networkedcollaborative design prototype system is established basing on XML, SOAP and WebServices. The prototype system integrates domain knowledge, model knowledge, userknowledge and process knowledge, with the function of project management, domain knowledge management, tacit knowledge acquisition, process knowledge management,design workflow management and so on, and hence achieves the industrial designnetworked coordination and knowledge sharing, and improves the efficiency of industrialdesign.
论文针对工业设计特点，重点对工业设计网络化协同系统以及关键技术进行了研究：
1.知识获取机制与知识表示
工业设计是以人为本的设计，其设计过程涉及到多学科的知识。除了工程类的设计知识，还有与人及环境相关的美学、社会学以及心理学等知识。论文首先进行了工业设计网络化协同系统的知识需求分析，将工业设计协同系统下的知识分为领域知识、模型知识、用户知识和过程知识，并给出相应的知识获取机制；其次利用本体论能解决不同系统间分布式知识的检索、共享和重用问题，论文研究建立了工业设计的领域知识模型以及知识库结构存储模型。其中知识库存储模型设计为知识索引层、元知识层、知识关联层，知识元层的4×4维矩阵数据库存储结构。并以人机工程设计知识为例，阐明了基于知识模型的领域知识本体化表示方法，为实现协同系统的知识集成奠定基础；为了便于设计过程模型知识的协同，建立了包含结构本体、外形式本体以及语义层本体的多元化模型本体知识。
2.协同设计工作流建模与过程知识获取
工业设计活动具有群体协作性、动态分布性、并发执行性和共享协同性，其工作流呈现出阶段性、反复性、层次性、并行性和动态性，为此论文提出采用基于普通Petri网扩展的有色Petri （CPN）对工业设计工作流建模。为简化建模和模型分析，论文采用层次化CPN，实现工业设计顶层工作流及其子网的建模，并通过可遍历性树和时间效率验证了模型的合理性；为提高工业设计过程知识的重用性，将工业设计活动的过程知识分为过程管理知识、过程模型知识和过程相关知识，建立了基于本体的过程知识模型。基于建立的工业设计协同系统CPN的托肯颜色集以及由托肯对库所和变迁的着色功能，实现过程知识获取。
3.基于用户需求的隐性知识获取
隐性知识是指模糊的无法准确量化的知识，通常用户用来描述对产品的情感与喜好的一些感性式表达，获取这些隐性知识是工业设计协同设计关键技术之一。论文分析总结了当前隐性知识获取的研究方法、实现流程及数学工具，指出用户知识对隐性知识获取的重要性，建立了用户-感知特征-设计特征映射（MUPD）模型，丰富了隐性知识获取的内涵；利用感性工学的研究方法和数据分析理论，建立MUPD过程知识的概念本体树以及本体化模型，设计实现了交互导航式的MUPD知识获取，提高了知识获取的自动化和交互性，并通过实例测试，验证了本研究的有效性。
4.知识集成与原型系统的实现
基于对工业设计特点、协同需求以及关键技术研究，建立了基于知识推送、知识获取及工作流管理的知识集成功能模型及系统模型。采用本体开发工具Protégé和C#，基于XML的SOAP协议以及Web Services技术，开发了工业设计网络协同设计原型系统。该原型系统集成了领域知识、模型知识、用户知识和过程知识，具有设计项目管理、人力资源管理、领域知识管理、隐性知识获取、过程知识库管理以及设计工作流管理等基本功能，实现了工业设计网络化协同工作与知识共享，提高了工业设计效率。
With the acceleration of economic globalization, as well as the rapid development ofmulti-industry, cross-regional and cross-national virtual enterprises, the demand of adistributed collaborative design and manufacturing arises at the historic moment. As animportant product design activity closely related to our life， industrial design ischaracterized by cross-multidisciplinary, fuzzy implicit design specifications and dynamiccoupling of the design process. To adapt to the fierce market competition, industrial designmust have such modern product design philosophy as quick market response, high-levelinnovation and cost-effective, people oriented and green. Therefore, with the existingtechnology of communication, network and computer, it has been an important issue to besolved urgently, which builds an industrial design networked collaborative environmentfeatured by quick response to market, multi-role work cooperation and barrier-freeknowledge pushing and knowledge acquisition.
According to the features of industrial design, the paper focuses on the research of theindustrial design networked collaborative system and key technology:
1. The knowledge acquisition mechanism and knowledge expression.
Industrial design refers to the people-oriented design and its design process relates tokinds of disciplines and much knowledge. Apart from the knowledge of engineering design,there is a wealth of knowledge closely related to humans and environment such as aesthetic,sociology, psychology, etc. Firstly，analyzing the demands for knowledge of the industrialdesign networked collaborative system, the paper puts forward the industrial designknowledge consists of domain knowledge, model knowledge,user knowledge and processknowledge, and gives corresponding knowledge acquisition mechanisms. Secondly, thestudy builds a knowledge model for industrial domain knowledge using Ontology to solvethe questions about retrieval, sharing and reuse of the distributed knowledge in differentsystems. The knowledge-base storage model designed as a4*4-dimensional database, i.e. itis composed of the index layer, the meta-knowledge layer, the knowledge relation layerand the knowledge element layer is also given in the paper. And the paper takes anexample of Ergonomics knowledge to clarify the method for the domain knowledgeontology expression based on the knowledge model. Thus the basis of knowledgeintegration of cooperative system is founded. In order to coordinate the model knowledgein design process, the multifaceted Ontology knowledge of model which includes the structure, the external pattern and the semantic layer is established.
2. Cooperative design workflow modeling and process knowledge acquisition.
Industrial design is characterized by group cooperation, dynamic distribution,concurrent execution and collaborative sharing. The workflow features staged, recurrent,hierarchical, coordinate and dynamic. The paper proposes a model for industrial designworkflow with the extended Colored Petri Net (CPN) based on common Petri Net. Tosimplify and analyze the model, the paper employs the hierarchical CPN to construct themodels of the top-level workflow and the subnet workflow of industrial design. Thefeasibility of the CPN model is verified by ergodicity tree analysis and time-efficiency. Toincrease the reuseability of process knowledge, the paper divides the process knowledgeinto process management knowledge, process model knowledge and process relatedknowledge, hence the model based on Ontology is established. By building the CPN tokencolor set of the industrial design cooperative system and the coloring for place andtransition by token library, it achieves the acquisition of the process knowledge.
3. The tacit knowledge acquisition based on the user requirements.
The tacit knowledge is about fuzzy and in-quantifiable knowledge. It is used todescribe the emotional expressions based on emotion and preferences to product. Toacquire the tacit knowledge is one of the key technologies in industrial design. By theanalysis summary of research methods, implementation process and mathematical toolsacquiring the tacit knowledge, the paper indicates the importance of user knowledge to thetacit knowledge acquisition and establishes an User-Perception feature-Design featuremodel, thus enriches the meaning of the tacit knowledge acquisition. The paper usesKansei engineering research methods and data analysis theory to build the ontology MUPD(Mapping of User-Perception feature-Design feature) concept ontology tree and ontologymodel of process knowledge. It designs the alternating navigation of MUPD knowledgeacquisition, thus improves the automation and interactivity of tacit knowledge acquisition.And the last verifies the validity of this study with an instance.
4. Knowledge integration and the realization of the prototype system.
Based on the study of industrial design features, collaboration and key technology, thepaper establishes the collaborative design function model and system model on the basis ofknowledge pushing, knowledge acquisition and workflow management. With the use of theontology development tool (Protégé2000) and C#, the industrial design networkedcollaborative design prototype system is established basing on XML, SOAP and WebServices. The prototype system integrates domain knowledge, model knowledge, userknowledge and process knowledge, with the function of project management, domain knowledge management, tacit knowledge acquisition, process knowledge management,design workflow management and so on, and hence achieves the industrial designnetworked coordination and knowledge sharing, and improves the efficiency of industrialdesign.
引文
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