黄河下游引黄灌区节水研究
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摘要
黄河下游引黄灌区是我国重要的经济发展地带，随着经济的发展，黄河水资源供需矛盾日益加剧，然而，目前黄河水资源利用还存在着严重的浪费现象，特别是作为用水大户的农业灌溉，浪费现象更为严重。农业灌溉水有效利用率低下，灌溉水利用系数不足0.4，灌区节水有相当大的潜力。为定性说明黄河下游引黄灌区可挖掘的节水潜力，在分析影响用水水平主要因素的基础上，建立了引黄灌区用水水平评价指标体系，利用模糊评判技术，建立了引黄灌区用水水平评价模型，对黄河下游引黄灌区用水水平进行了评价。在此基础上，根据农作物耗水机理和耗水过程，充分考虑各种节水技术间的相互关系、相互影响和效应传递，研究基于灌区水资源综合利用的节水潜力计算方法，建立节水潜力计算模型，结合对不同阶段灌区节水技术发展水平的预测，定量计算黄河下游引黄灌区不同水平年的节水潜力。并通过对灌区用水环节存在问题的分析，从水利、农业、工程、管理、灌区规划等方面探讨引黄灌区适宜的节水途径，进而针对黄河下游引黄灌区自然地理、工程布局、灌溉模式、社会经济等实际情况，研究提出适合引黄灌区特点的各种可能节水技术和具体措施。本文通过对黄河下游引黄灌区节水潜力计算方法的研究，诣在客观分析其节水潜力，为黄河流域水资源的统一管理、高效利用以及合理配置提供了科学依据，本研究在灌区用水水平评价、节水潜力计算等方面具有重要的理论意义。
The regions of irrigation water diverting the Yellow River along the lower Yellow River are the important economic development ones. With the economic development, the supply-demands contradictions of water resources in the Yellow River are aggravating increasingly. But at present there is still a serious waste phenomenon in water resources utilization of the Yellow River, especially agricultural irrigation of family with water, its waste phenomenon is more serious. The effective utilization rate of agricultural irrigation water is very low. Its utilization factor is below 0.4 that there are great potentialities on water saving in irrigated regions. In order to explain the tapped potentialities on water saving in irrigated regions diverting the Yellow River qualitatively, based on analyzing main factors of water use level affected, the evaluation quota system of water use level in irrigated regions diverting the Yellow River has been set up. The evaluation model of water use level in irrigated regions diverting the Yellow River has been set up with fuzzy judgment technology, and the water use level in the regions of irrigation water diverting the Yellow River along the lower Yellow River has been evaluated. On this basis, according to water consumption mechanism and process of crops, the relationships, relative influence and effect
transferring between various technology on water saving are fully considered. The calculating method of water saving potentialities on basis of the multiple utilization of water resources in irrigated regions is studied. The calculating model on water saving potentialities is set up. The water saving potentiality in years with different levels in irrigated regions is quantitatively calculated combining the forecasting of development level on water saving technology in irrigated regions for different stages. Through analyzing the existed problems on water saving links in irrigated regions, the suitable ways on water saving in irrigated regions diverting the Yellow River are discussed from water conservancy, agriculture, engineering, management and planning in irrigated regions. In view of practical situation of physical geography, engineering layout, irrigating mode and social economy, the various possible water saving technology and concrete measures suited to characteristics of irrigated regions diverted from the Yellow River are pointed out through research. The water saving potentiality has been objectively analyzed through researching calculating method of water saving potentiality in irrigated regions diverting the Yellow River along the lower Yellow River. It has provided scientific basis for unified management, effective utilization and rational allocation of water resources in the Yellow River basin. The research is of important theoretical significance in evaluation of water use level and calculation of water saving potentiality etc in irrigated regions.
The regions of irrigation water diverting the Yellow River along the lower Yellow River are the important economic development ones. With the economic development, the supply-demands contradictions of water resources in the Yellow River are aggravating increasingly. But at present there is still a serious waste phenomenon in water resources utilization of the Yellow River, especially agricultural irrigation of family with water, its waste phenomenon is more serious. The effective utilization rate of agricultural irrigation water is very low. Its utilization factor is below 0.4 that there are great potentialities on water saving in irrigated regions. In order to explain the tapped potentialities on water saving in irrigated regions diverting the Yellow River qualitatively, based on analyzing main factors of water use level affected, the evaluation quota system of water use level in irrigated regions diverting the Yellow River has been set up. The evaluation model of water use level in irrigated regions diverting the Yellow River has been set up with fuzzy judgment technology, and the water use level in the regions of irrigation water diverting the Yellow River along the lower Yellow River has been evaluated. On this basis, according to water consumption mechanism and process of crops, the relationships, relative influence and effect
transferring between various technology on water saving are fully considered. The calculating method of water saving potentialities on basis of the multiple utilization of water resources in irrigated regions is studied. The calculating model on water saving potentialities is set up. The water saving potentiality in years with different levels in irrigated regions is quantitatively calculated combining the forecasting of development level on water saving technology in irrigated regions for different stages. Through analyzing the existed problems on water saving links in irrigated regions, the suitable ways on water saving in irrigated regions diverting the Yellow River are discussed from water conservancy, agriculture, engineering, management and planning in irrigated regions. In view of practical situation of physical geography, engineering layout, irrigating mode and social economy, the various possible water saving technology and concrete measures suited to characteristics of irrigated regions diverted from the Yellow River are pointed out through research. The water saving potentiality has been objectively analyzed through researching calculating method of water saving potentiality in irrigated regions diverting the Yellow River along the lower Yellow River. It has provided scientific basis for unified management, effective utilization and rational allocation of water resources in the Yellow River basin. The research is of important theoretical significance in evaluation of water use level and calculation of water saving potentiality etc in irrigated regions.
引文
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