海洋生态资本评估及可持续利用研究
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摘要
海洋生态资源是自然资源的重要组成部分,是沿海地区社会经济生产的投入要素之一。就我国而言,长期高强度的人类用海活动已经严重影响近海海洋生态资本的规模和质量。对海洋生态资源进行系统的资本化管理并开展可持续利用研究及实践,是实现沿海地区经济可持续发展的迫切需要。而海洋生态资源的资本化界定与价值评估是其资本化管理的重要前提和必要环节。
本文的研究目的在于提出海洋生态资本的概念内涵,构建其价值结构要素、评估指标体系和评估技术方法。结合福建省东山湾实际情况,对评估技术方法体系开展应用评估研究,一方面在实践中检验和完善评估技术,提高其科学性、合理性及可操作性;另一方面利用先进技术掌握东山湾海洋生态资本的现状、规模及变化趋势,为海洋生态资源的资本化管理提供技术支撑。同时,利用生态资本评估结果与地区经济统计数据,探讨海洋生态资本对区域经济发展的支撑作用和贡献度,为地方政府开展海洋管理、进行海洋产业调整提出对策建议。
本文的研究过程、技术方法及主要结论如下:
(一)、参考前人的相关研究成果,提出了海洋生态资本的概念,认为海洋生态资本是能够直接或间接作用于人类社会经济生产、提供有用的产品流或服务流的海洋生态资源,包括海洋生物及其生境,以及它们组成的海洋生态系统整体。基于经济学的价值理论、资本理论和生态经济学的自然资本理论、环境资源价值评估方法、生态系统服务评估方法,建立了海洋生态资本价值结构要素与评估指标体系,设计和构建了海洋生态资本评估技术方法。
(二)、根据福建省东山湾海洋调查资料、周边社会经济资料及实地调访数据资料,运用上述理论及方法,本文对东山湾海洋生态资本进行了评估,包括海洋生态资源存量评估和海洋生态系统服务评估,以把握生态资本现状、规模、变化趋势及服务价值。评估结果显示,2000年,在东山湾海洋生态资源中,海洋生物资源存量较小,海洋生境资源暂时无法评估;2001-2008年,东山湾海洋生态系统服务价值保持在80-100亿元之间,总体上比较稳定,多年间呈现先升后降趋势。其中各项服务的价值规模、变化趋势及空间密度差异较大,各具特点。
(三)、提出海洋生态资本可持续利用的内涵、理念和实现路径;并基于上述评估结果及东山湾周边社会经济资料,通过模型化、定量化的实证研究,利用数量比例分析、支撑分析、回归分析等方法,探索生态资本对区域经济发展的贡献及支撑、区域经济发展对生态资本的索取和压力,然后据此分析当前东山湾生态资本可持续利用面临的威胁与问题,构想出实现生态资本可持续利用的解决思路和实现路径。研究结果表明,东山湾海洋生态系统服务总体对地区经济的贡献度较高;其中分别测算了养殖生产服务对第一产业、废弃物处理服务对第二产业和休闲娱乐服务对第三产业的拉动及支撑作用。为实现资源可持续利用,本文为相关部门提出了几点对策建议,包括保护海洋生物及生境资源、合理适度开发利用生态系统服务、科学管理用海活动、提升和调整海洋产业结构等等。
本文的创新点在于首次提出海洋生态资本的概念,建立海洋生态资本价值结构要素、评估指标体系和评估技术方法,填补国内外研究空白;利用上述理论和方法,开展东山湾海洋生态资本评估,并运用数量比例及支撑分析、回归分析等技术方法,定量化、模型化地研究东山湾生态资本对地区经济发展的贡献及支撑、地区经济发展对海洋生态资本的索取和压力,突破了该领域以往只进行定性描述、或只进行抽象的理论研究的局限;最后,本文提出海洋生态资本可持续利用的内涵及实现路径,为实现东山湾生态资本的可持续利用提出具体对策建议和实施路径。
Marine ecological resources are important parts of natural resources, and they are factors of production for the economy and society in the coastal areas. For our country, the long-term and high-intensity human activities of exploiting the sea have seriously affected the size and quality of offshore marine ecological capital. To achieve sustainable economic development in coastal areas , it is urgently needed that we carry out systematic capitalized management and conduct research and practice for sustainable use of marine ecological resources. And the capitalized definition and appraisal of marine ecological resources is an important prerequisite and necessary link for capitalized management.
Purpose of this paper consists of the following facets.To propose the concept of marine ecological capital and to build value’s constituent, assessment indicators and technical methods for appraisal. In combination with the actual situation of Dongshan Bay, to carry out applied appraisal and research using the technical methods,which, on one hand, grasps the status, scale and trend of marine ecological capital in Dongshan Bay, and on the other hand, tests technical methods and make them more scientific, reasonable and operable. Meanwhile, using the results of ecological capital appraisal and regional economic statistics, to discuss marine ecological capital’s contribution and support to regional economic development and to give advices for local governments in marine management and marine industrial restructuring.
The research process, technical method and the main conclusions of this paper are as follows.
(A), Refering to the previous research results, this paper proposes the concept of marine ecosystem capital defined as marine ecological resources which have direct or indirect contributions to humans’social and economic production and provide benefits for humans, including marine organisms and their habitats, as well as the marine ecosystem they act as a whole. Based on theories of value, capital in economics and theories of natural capital, environmental resources appraisal, ecosystem services appraisal in ecological economics, this paper establishes value’s constituent and assessment indicators, and designs technical methods for marine ecological capital appraisal.
(B), According to marine survey data in Dongshan Bay, the surrounding socio-economic statistics and questionnaire survey, using the theories and methods above, this paper carries out the appraisal for marine ecological capital in Dongshan Bay, including the appraisal of marine ecological resources stock and the appraisal of marine ecosystem services in order to grasps the status, scale, trend and service value. The results shows that in 2000, the stock of marine living resources in Dongshan Bay was small, and the stock of marine habitat resources can not be appraised now. From 2001 to 2008, marine ecosystem service value in Dongshan Bay maintained at between 80-100 billion, which was stable and first increased but then decreased during those years. Thereinto, every service’s value scale, trend and spatial density was quite different with distinct characteristics.
(C), This paper proposes the connotation, idea and realizing path for sustainable use of marine ecological capital. Then, based on the above appraisal results and the socio-economic statistics around the Dongshan Bay, through modeling, quantitative empirical research, this paper uses the quantity ratio analysis, supporting analysis and regression analysis to explore the ecological capital’s contribution and support to the regional economy and the the request and pressure which regional economic development puts on the ecological capital. And accordingly, this paper analyzes the current threats and problems against the sustainable use of ecological capital in Dongshan Bay, and conceives the resolution and achieving path to realize the sustainable use of ecological capital. The results shows that the overall contribution from marine ecosystem services in Dongshan Bay to the regional economy is quite high. Thereinto, this paper separately measures the aquaculture production services’drive and support to the primary industry, the waste disposal services’drive and support to the secondary industry and recreational services’drive and support to the tertiary industry. To realize the sustainable use of ecological resources, the paper puts forward some advices for relevant departments, including the protection of marine life and habitat resources, rational utilization of ecosystem services, scientific management of sea activities, improvement and adjustment of the marine industrial structure, and so on.
本文的研究目的在于提出海洋生态资本的概念内涵,构建其价值结构要素、评估指标体系和评估技术方法。结合福建省东山湾实际情况,对评估技术方法体系开展应用评估研究,一方面在实践中检验和完善评估技术,提高其科学性、合理性及可操作性;另一方面利用先进技术掌握东山湾海洋生态资本的现状、规模及变化趋势,为海洋生态资源的资本化管理提供技术支撑。同时,利用生态资本评估结果与地区经济统计数据,探讨海洋生态资本对区域经济发展的支撑作用和贡献度,为地方政府开展海洋管理、进行海洋产业调整提出对策建议。
本文的研究过程、技术方法及主要结论如下:
(一)、参考前人的相关研究成果,提出了海洋生态资本的概念,认为海洋生态资本是能够直接或间接作用于人类社会经济生产、提供有用的产品流或服务流的海洋生态资源,包括海洋生物及其生境,以及它们组成的海洋生态系统整体。基于经济学的价值理论、资本理论和生态经济学的自然资本理论、环境资源价值评估方法、生态系统服务评估方法,建立了海洋生态资本价值结构要素与评估指标体系,设计和构建了海洋生态资本评估技术方法。
(二)、根据福建省东山湾海洋调查资料、周边社会经济资料及实地调访数据资料,运用上述理论及方法,本文对东山湾海洋生态资本进行了评估,包括海洋生态资源存量评估和海洋生态系统服务评估,以把握生态资本现状、规模、变化趋势及服务价值。评估结果显示,2000年,在东山湾海洋生态资源中,海洋生物资源存量较小,海洋生境资源暂时无法评估;2001-2008年,东山湾海洋生态系统服务价值保持在80-100亿元之间,总体上比较稳定,多年间呈现先升后降趋势。其中各项服务的价值规模、变化趋势及空间密度差异较大,各具特点。
(三)、提出海洋生态资本可持续利用的内涵、理念和实现路径;并基于上述评估结果及东山湾周边社会经济资料,通过模型化、定量化的实证研究,利用数量比例分析、支撑分析、回归分析等方法,探索生态资本对区域经济发展的贡献及支撑、区域经济发展对生态资本的索取和压力,然后据此分析当前东山湾生态资本可持续利用面临的威胁与问题,构想出实现生态资本可持续利用的解决思路和实现路径。研究结果表明,东山湾海洋生态系统服务总体对地区经济的贡献度较高;其中分别测算了养殖生产服务对第一产业、废弃物处理服务对第二产业和休闲娱乐服务对第三产业的拉动及支撑作用。为实现资源可持续利用,本文为相关部门提出了几点对策建议,包括保护海洋生物及生境资源、合理适度开发利用生态系统服务、科学管理用海活动、提升和调整海洋产业结构等等。
本文的创新点在于首次提出海洋生态资本的概念,建立海洋生态资本价值结构要素、评估指标体系和评估技术方法,填补国内外研究空白;利用上述理论和方法,开展东山湾海洋生态资本评估,并运用数量比例及支撑分析、回归分析等技术方法,定量化、模型化地研究东山湾生态资本对地区经济发展的贡献及支撑、地区经济发展对海洋生态资本的索取和压力,突破了该领域以往只进行定性描述、或只进行抽象的理论研究的局限;最后,本文提出海洋生态资本可持续利用的内涵及实现路径,为实现东山湾生态资本的可持续利用提出具体对策建议和实施路径。
Marine ecological resources are important parts of natural resources, and they are factors of production for the economy and society in the coastal areas. For our country, the long-term and high-intensity human activities of exploiting the sea have seriously affected the size and quality of offshore marine ecological capital. To achieve sustainable economic development in coastal areas , it is urgently needed that we carry out systematic capitalized management and conduct research and practice for sustainable use of marine ecological resources. And the capitalized definition and appraisal of marine ecological resources is an important prerequisite and necessary link for capitalized management.
Purpose of this paper consists of the following facets.To propose the concept of marine ecological capital and to build value’s constituent, assessment indicators and technical methods for appraisal. In combination with the actual situation of Dongshan Bay, to carry out applied appraisal and research using the technical methods,which, on one hand, grasps the status, scale and trend of marine ecological capital in Dongshan Bay, and on the other hand, tests technical methods and make them more scientific, reasonable and operable. Meanwhile, using the results of ecological capital appraisal and regional economic statistics, to discuss marine ecological capital’s contribution and support to regional economic development and to give advices for local governments in marine management and marine industrial restructuring.
The research process, technical method and the main conclusions of this paper are as follows.
(A), Refering to the previous research results, this paper proposes the concept of marine ecosystem capital defined as marine ecological resources which have direct or indirect contributions to humans’social and economic production and provide benefits for humans, including marine organisms and their habitats, as well as the marine ecosystem they act as a whole. Based on theories of value, capital in economics and theories of natural capital, environmental resources appraisal, ecosystem services appraisal in ecological economics, this paper establishes value’s constituent and assessment indicators, and designs technical methods for marine ecological capital appraisal.
(B), According to marine survey data in Dongshan Bay, the surrounding socio-economic statistics and questionnaire survey, using the theories and methods above, this paper carries out the appraisal for marine ecological capital in Dongshan Bay, including the appraisal of marine ecological resources stock and the appraisal of marine ecosystem services in order to grasps the status, scale, trend and service value. The results shows that in 2000, the stock of marine living resources in Dongshan Bay was small, and the stock of marine habitat resources can not be appraised now. From 2001 to 2008, marine ecosystem service value in Dongshan Bay maintained at between 80-100 billion, which was stable and first increased but then decreased during those years. Thereinto, every service’s value scale, trend and spatial density was quite different with distinct characteristics.
(C), This paper proposes the connotation, idea and realizing path for sustainable use of marine ecological capital. Then, based on the above appraisal results and the socio-economic statistics around the Dongshan Bay, through modeling, quantitative empirical research, this paper uses the quantity ratio analysis, supporting analysis and regression analysis to explore the ecological capital’s contribution and support to the regional economy and the the request and pressure which regional economic development puts on the ecological capital. And accordingly, this paper analyzes the current threats and problems against the sustainable use of ecological capital in Dongshan Bay, and conceives the resolution and achieving path to realize the sustainable use of ecological capital. The results shows that the overall contribution from marine ecosystem services in Dongshan Bay to the regional economy is quite high. Thereinto, this paper separately measures the aquaculture production services’drive and support to the primary industry, the waste disposal services’drive and support to the secondary industry and recreational services’drive and support to the tertiary industry. To realize the sustainable use of ecological resources, the paper puts forward some advices for relevant departments, including the protection of marine life and habitat resources, rational utilization of ecosystem services, scientific management of sea activities, improvement and adjustment of the marine industrial structure, and so on.
引文
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