建立我国农村社会保障体系的难点研究
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摘要
完善农村社会保障体系是健全中国社会保障制度的重要环节。农业,农村和农民的“三农”问题始终是制约我国全面小康社会建设的重要因素。在新时期,农村社会保障问题关系到农村改革的进一步深化和农村经济的可持续发展,以至于整个国民经济的协调发展和社会的长治久安。完善农村社会保障制度建设既是中国农村市场经济和社会发展的客观需要,又是广大农村居民的迫切需求,同时也是中国政府在新世纪所确立的全面建设小康社会重大目标实现的需要。它对维护社会稳定,推动农村经济发展与社会全面进步都具有十分重要的意义。然而我国农村到目前为止,还没有形成一套完整的农村社会保障体系,各种社会保障项目,如农村社会养老保险、农村社会医疗保险只覆盖了不到10%的农村人口,社会救助、优抚安置和社会福利都非常有限,远远满足不了农村社会的迫切需要,而且还存在着诸如保障面窄、保障水平低、保障功能差、管理体制落后等问题,本文正是针对这些问题进行分析。
本文研究的主要内容分为以下几个部分,第一部分是导论。介绍了我国农村在市场化和城市化以及社会结构的变化中面临生存挑战,所以必须完善农村社会保障体系这一研究背景,以及文章内容和研究的目的及意义;第二部分是农村社会保障的相关理论,主要介绍了农村社会保障体系和完善农村社会保障体系的必要性;第三部分是我国农村社会保障制度的历史演变及现状,分为我国农村社会保障的四段历史发展过程及我国农村社会保障的现状分析两个部分;第四部分是构建我国农村社会保障体系的难点分析,介绍了包括农村养老保险,农村合作医疗,社会救济、优抚安置,农民工的社会保障,失地农民的社会保障等社会保障项目的农村社会保障体系构建的难点问题;第五部分是构建我国农村社会保障体系困难的原因分析,这一部分是针对以上我国农村社会保障体系建立的难点找出的原因,具体包括二元社会保障体系的形成、在观念和认识上的偏差、政策措施不连贯和不稳定、资金投入相对不足和农民缺乏参与的积极性等几个方面来分析的;最后一部分是解决我国农村社会保障难点的措施,根据以上原因分析,找出对策,包括均衡我国二元社会保障结构,通过立法加强农村社会保障的地位,从制度上保障农村社保机制的运行以及如何发挥政府职能。
本文在系统论述社会保障体系基本理论的基础上,运用了实证分析、比较分析、综合分析等方法对建立健全农村社会保障体系的难点及形成原因进行了分析,并提出建议措施,希望对实践操作具有一定的帮助。
The construction of rural social security system is an important link of China's social security system, the agriculture, country and farmer are main factors which restrict the development of Chinese society. In the new age, rural social security linked how to deepen the reform about rural region, even the whole Chinese economic development. It is not only the desirability of economic and social development of Chinese rural market , the masses of rural active demand of rural resident, but also the need of Chinese government how to realize the great goal that build an well-off society in an all-round way in the new century too. It is have a very important effect to safeguard the social stability, promoting the development of rural economy and all-side social progress. Up to now, the countryside of China has not been formed an integrated modern social security system. Present regional social security project, such as rural endowment insurance,rural medical insurance only covered less than 10% of the people in the countryside, the society succors, gives special care to finding a room for and social welfare are all very limited, it is far to meet the urgent need of the rural society, other questions such as ensuring area to be narrow, ensuring competence to be low ,ensuring function bad,manage system lag behind , and the further development be effected by the dualistic economic system, poor rural economic level, bad consciousness of rural residents, imperfect domanial system, the difficulty in collecting the capital ,running environment are restrained,etc.
The text is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is an introduction, summarize the purpose and approach; Chapter two introduced relative theory of rural social security, and defined the concept of rural social security; Chapter three recommend the development and status in quo of Chinese rural social security and point out that the bugs exit in present system; Chapter four expatiated what is the difficulties in building the rural social security system; Chapter five put forward the reasons aimed at chapter four; Chapter six give the suggestion about deal with the difficulties and point out the further researching way.
This paper on the basis of argument of the social security’s basic theory system, using the real example analysis, comparative analysis, compositive analysis for analyze the difficulties in building the rural social security, and proposed my suggestion ,hoping to help the real practicing.
本文研究的主要内容分为以下几个部分,第一部分是导论。介绍了我国农村在市场化和城市化以及社会结构的变化中面临生存挑战,所以必须完善农村社会保障体系这一研究背景,以及文章内容和研究的目的及意义;第二部分是农村社会保障的相关理论,主要介绍了农村社会保障体系和完善农村社会保障体系的必要性;第三部分是我国农村社会保障制度的历史演变及现状,分为我国农村社会保障的四段历史发展过程及我国农村社会保障的现状分析两个部分;第四部分是构建我国农村社会保障体系的难点分析,介绍了包括农村养老保险,农村合作医疗,社会救济、优抚安置,农民工的社会保障,失地农民的社会保障等社会保障项目的农村社会保障体系构建的难点问题;第五部分是构建我国农村社会保障体系困难的原因分析,这一部分是针对以上我国农村社会保障体系建立的难点找出的原因,具体包括二元社会保障体系的形成、在观念和认识上的偏差、政策措施不连贯和不稳定、资金投入相对不足和农民缺乏参与的积极性等几个方面来分析的;最后一部分是解决我国农村社会保障难点的措施,根据以上原因分析,找出对策,包括均衡我国二元社会保障结构,通过立法加强农村社会保障的地位,从制度上保障农村社保机制的运行以及如何发挥政府职能。
本文在系统论述社会保障体系基本理论的基础上,运用了实证分析、比较分析、综合分析等方法对建立健全农村社会保障体系的难点及形成原因进行了分析,并提出建议措施,希望对实践操作具有一定的帮助。
The construction of rural social security system is an important link of China's social security system, the agriculture, country and farmer are main factors which restrict the development of Chinese society. In the new age, rural social security linked how to deepen the reform about rural region, even the whole Chinese economic development. It is not only the desirability of economic and social development of Chinese rural market , the masses of rural active demand of rural resident, but also the need of Chinese government how to realize the great goal that build an well-off society in an all-round way in the new century too. It is have a very important effect to safeguard the social stability, promoting the development of rural economy and all-side social progress. Up to now, the countryside of China has not been formed an integrated modern social security system. Present regional social security project, such as rural endowment insurance,rural medical insurance only covered less than 10% of the people in the countryside, the society succors, gives special care to finding a room for and social welfare are all very limited, it is far to meet the urgent need of the rural society, other questions such as ensuring area to be narrow, ensuring competence to be low ,ensuring function bad,manage system lag behind , and the further development be effected by the dualistic economic system, poor rural economic level, bad consciousness of rural residents, imperfect domanial system, the difficulty in collecting the capital ,running environment are restrained,etc.
The text is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is an introduction, summarize the purpose and approach; Chapter two introduced relative theory of rural social security, and defined the concept of rural social security; Chapter three recommend the development and status in quo of Chinese rural social security and point out that the bugs exit in present system; Chapter four expatiated what is the difficulties in building the rural social security system; Chapter five put forward the reasons aimed at chapter four; Chapter six give the suggestion about deal with the difficulties and point out the further researching way.
This paper on the basis of argument of the social security’s basic theory system, using the real example analysis, comparative analysis, compositive analysis for analyze the difficulties in building the rural social security, and proposed my suggestion ,hoping to help the real practicing.
引文
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[1]孙文基.建立和完善农村社会保障制度[M].社会科学文献出版社.2006(7)
[1]孙文基.建立和完善农村社会保障制度[M].社会科学文献出版社.2006(7)
[1]新型农村社会养老保险试点调研. 中国劳动和社会保障部课题组.www.sass.org.cn
[2]我国新型农村合作医疗已覆盖 4.7 亿人口.法制日报. http://www.sina.com.cn 2006 年 07 月 11 日
[1]金惠新等.河北省农村社会养老保险的现状及策略探析[J].经济师.2006(4):274-275
[1]新型农村合作医疗仍存三大问题. 中财网. 2006 年 09 月 29 日
[1]荣静 杨川.从参与主体看新型农村合作医疗的问题和对策[J].中国论文下载中心. http://www.studa.net/nongcun/070212/10550136.html
[1]国土资源部报告.新京报.2006 年 03 月 16 日
[2]张伟 安华.中国农民的社会保障体制设计构想[J].中国知识经济.2004(3)
[1]新华社南京 2005 年 12 月 21 日电
[1]杨欣.农村社会保障的现状、问题与对策[J].陕西理工学院学报(社会科学版).2005(1)
[1]唐容桢.浅谈农民收入现状与对策[J].农业现代化研究.2005(11)
[2]李迎生.市场转型时期的农村社会保障制度建设——进展与偏差[J]. 中国人民大学学报.2005(4)
[1]从分化到整合:二元社会保障体系的起源、改革与前瞻.http://www.hglm.com/lwzx/gl/glkx/200701/43066.html
[1]李迎生.论政府在农村社会保障制度建设中的角色山.社会科学研究.2005(4)
[1] 佚名.公共服务应与农民缴税相对称.搜狐财经频道.民生杂谈 2006-3-10
[2] 甘信邦.农村养老保险制度建立的环境分析冈.人口与经济,205(l)
[1]宋健.农村养老问题研究综述[J].人口研究.2001(6)
[2]刘书鹤.农村社会保障的若干问题[J].人口研究.2001(5)
[3]宋斌文.当代中国农民的社会保障问题研究[M].中国财政经济出版社 2000
[4]田中文.关于农村社会保障问题的研究[R]. 21 世纪中国社会保障制度改革与发展研讨会 2002
[5]郑功成.农民工的利益与社会保障[J].中国党政干部论坛 2002(8)
[6]刘翠霄.天大的事—中国农民社会保障制度研究[M].法律出版社.2006
[7]李荣融.考虑建立农村社会保障体系[J]. http://news3.xinhuanet.com/zhibo/20020308b/wz.htm
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