红树林植物木榄和一株海藻内生真菌的化学成分研究
|
摘要
本论文对民间药用红树植物木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)中的次生代谢产物进行了研究,同时还对分离自似瘤凹顶藻(Laurencia similis Namet Saito)的内生真菌EN21(Exophiala oligosperma)进行了化学成分研究。对分离得到的部分化合物进行了初步的DPPH自由基清除活性和抗菌活性筛选。
采用常规的硅胶柱层析、反相硅胶柱层析、制备薄层层析、凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱层析、半制备型高效液相色谱(HPLC)以及重结晶等手段,从木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)中分离得到23个化合物;从EN21(Exophiala oligosperma)中分离得到23个化合物。利用一维、二维核磁、质谱、元素分析等各种现代波谱技术及化学反应方法,确定了木榄中20个化合物的结构,包括黄酮单体化合物5个,三萜类化合物11个,甾体化合物2个,长链烷烃2个,其中4个化合物为首次从木榄中报道的黄酮;确定了EN-21中20个化合物的结构,其中脑苷脂1个,甾体化合物7个,芳环化合物3个,三萜类化合物2个,包括1个新天然产物。本文系首次报道Exophiala oligosperma的化学成分。
对从木榄中分离得到的部分化合物进行了DPPH自由基清除活性筛选,发现黄酮类化合物BRG-1、BRG-2、BRG-3、BRG-4显示了较强的DPPH自由基清除活性,而三萜类化合物则未表现出DPPH自由基清除活性。抗菌筛选实验中所有测试样品未显示出活性。
研究结果充实了红树林植物和海藻内生真菌代谢产物的内容,为其有效利用提供了一定的科学依据。
This dissertation describes the investigation of the chemical constituents of a mangrove plant Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, aiming to find out the correlation between the metabolites and its folk medical uses. Furthermore, the chemical composition of a marine algous endophytic fungus EN21 ( Exophiala oligosperma ) which was isolated from Laurencia similis Namet Saito, was also carried out. The DPPH-radical scavenging and antibacterial activity of some isolated compounds from Bruguiera gymnorrhiza were evaluated .
The compounds were separated from the organic solvents extracts by repeated column chromatography (CC) on silica gel, RP-18, preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) and Sephadex LH-20, as well as by semi-preparative HPLC and recrystallization. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by means of modern spectroscopic methods including 1D-NMR (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT) and 2D-NMR (1H-1H COSY, HMBC, HMQC), EI-MS, FAB-MS, as well as by chemical method. A total of 46 compounds were separated from the two organisms. From Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, 23 compounds were isolated with 20 of them were structurally elucidated, while from endophytic fungus EN21, 23 compounds were obtained with 20 of them were structurally elucidated. Among them, one compound ( EN21-2 ) was found to be firstly separated from natural resources and 4 flavonoids were isolated from Bruguiera gymnorrhiza for the first time. In addition, this is the first chemical investigation on Exophiala oligosperma(EN21).
The test of DPPH radical scavenging activity was carried out on some of the pure compounds isolated from Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. The result revealed that flavonoids BRG-1、BRG-2、BRG-3 and BRG-4 possessing higher activity. However, none of the triterpenes showed any activity. In addition, none of the tested compounds showed any antibacterial activity.
采用常规的硅胶柱层析、反相硅胶柱层析、制备薄层层析、凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱层析、半制备型高效液相色谱(HPLC)以及重结晶等手段,从木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)中分离得到23个化合物;从EN21(Exophiala oligosperma)中分离得到23个化合物。利用一维、二维核磁、质谱、元素分析等各种现代波谱技术及化学反应方法,确定了木榄中20个化合物的结构,包括黄酮单体化合物5个,三萜类化合物11个,甾体化合物2个,长链烷烃2个,其中4个化合物为首次从木榄中报道的黄酮;确定了EN-21中20个化合物的结构,其中脑苷脂1个,甾体化合物7个,芳环化合物3个,三萜类化合物2个,包括1个新天然产物。本文系首次报道Exophiala oligosperma的化学成分。
对从木榄中分离得到的部分化合物进行了DPPH自由基清除活性筛选,发现黄酮类化合物BRG-1、BRG-2、BRG-3、BRG-4显示了较强的DPPH自由基清除活性,而三萜类化合物则未表现出DPPH自由基清除活性。抗菌筛选实验中所有测试样品未显示出活性。
研究结果充实了红树林植物和海藻内生真菌代谢产物的内容,为其有效利用提供了一定的科学依据。
This dissertation describes the investigation of the chemical constituents of a mangrove plant Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, aiming to find out the correlation between the metabolites and its folk medical uses. Furthermore, the chemical composition of a marine algous endophytic fungus EN21 ( Exophiala oligosperma ) which was isolated from Laurencia similis Namet Saito, was also carried out. The DPPH-radical scavenging and antibacterial activity of some isolated compounds from Bruguiera gymnorrhiza were evaluated .
The compounds were separated from the organic solvents extracts by repeated column chromatography (CC) on silica gel, RP-18, preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) and Sephadex LH-20, as well as by semi-preparative HPLC and recrystallization. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by means of modern spectroscopic methods including 1D-NMR (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT) and 2D-NMR (1H-1H COSY, HMBC, HMQC), EI-MS, FAB-MS, as well as by chemical method. A total of 46 compounds were separated from the two organisms. From Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, 23 compounds were isolated with 20 of them were structurally elucidated, while from endophytic fungus EN21, 23 compounds were obtained with 20 of them were structurally elucidated. Among them, one compound ( EN21-2 ) was found to be firstly separated from natural resources and 4 flavonoids were isolated from Bruguiera gymnorrhiza for the first time. In addition, this is the first chemical investigation on Exophiala oligosperma(EN21).
The test of DPPH radical scavenging activity was carried out on some of the pure compounds isolated from Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. The result revealed that flavonoids BRG-1、BRG-2、BRG-3 and BRG-4 possessing higher activity. However, none of the triterpenes showed any activity. In addition, none of the tested compounds showed any antibacterial activity.
引文
Achmadi S, Ahbirin G S, Choono E T, Heminoway W. Catechin-3-o-rhamnosidechain extender units in polymeric procy anidins from mangrove bark. [J]. Phytochemistry, 1994, 35(1): 217-219.
Ammanamanchi S R, Anjaneyulu A S R, Rao V L. New beyerane and isopimarane diterpenoids from Rhizophora mucronata [J]. J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res. 2002, 4(1): 53-61.
Anjaneyulu A S R, Rao V L, Lobkovsky E, Clardy J. Ceriopsin E, a new epoxy ent-kaurene diterpenoid from Ceriops decandra [J]. J. Nat. Prod. 2002, 65(4): 592-594.
Anjaneyulu A S, Rao V L. Ceriopsins A-D, diterpenoids from Ceriops decandra [J]. Phytochemistry, 2002, 60(8): 777-782.
Anjaneyulu A S, Rao V L. Ceriopsins F and G, diterpenoids from Ceriops decandra [J]. Phytochemistry, 2003, 62(8):1207-1211.
Anjaneyulu A S, Rao V L. Rhizophorin A, a novel secolabdane diterpenoid from the Indian mangrove plant Rhizophora mucronata [J]. Nat. Prod. Lett. 2001, 15(1): 13-19.
Bandaranayake W M. Bioactivities, bioactive compounds and chemical constituents of mangrove plants [J]. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2002, 4(6): 421-452.
Bandaranayake W M. Traditional and medicinal uses of mangroves [J]. Mangroves and SaltMarshes, 1998, 2(3): 133-148.
Bao S, Deng Z, Fu H, Proksch P, Lin W. Diterpenes and disulfides from the marine mangrove plant Bruguiera sexangula var. rhynchopetala [J]. Helv. Chim. Acta, 2005, 88(10): 2757-2763.
Berenguer B, Sanchez L M, Quilez A, Lopez-Barreiro M, de Haro O, Galvez J, Martin M J. Protective and antioxidant effects of Rhizophora mangle L. against NSAID-induced gastric ulcers [J]. J. Ethnopharmacol, 2006, 103(2): 194-200.
Chumkaew, P, Kato S, Chantrapromma K. A new triterpenoid ester from the fruits of Bruguiera parviflora [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 2005, 53(1): 95-96.
de Armas E, Sarracent Y, Marrero E, Fernández O, Branford W C. Efficacy of Rhizophora mangle aqueous bark extract (RMABE) in the treatment of aphthous ulcers: a pilot study [J]. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 2005, 21(11): 1711-1715.
Fernández O, Capdevila J Z, Dalla G, Melchor G. Efficacy of Rhizophora mangle aqueous bark extract in the healing of open surgical wounds [J]. Fitoterapia, 2002, 73(7-8): 564-568.
Gongj X, Shen X, Yao L G, Jiang H, Krohn K, Guo Y W. Total synthesis of gymnorrhizol, an unprecedented 15-membered macrocyclic polydisulfide from the Chinese mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza [J]. Org. Lett. 2007, 9(9): 1715-1716.
Han L, Huang X, Sattler I, Dahse H. M . New diterpenoids from the marine mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza [J]. J. Nat. Prod. 2004,67(9): 1620-1623.
Han L, Huang X S, Sattler I, Fu H Z, Grabley S, Lin W H. Two new constituents from mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza [J]. J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res. 2007, 9(3-5): 327-331.
Han L, Huang X, Sattler I, Dahse H M, Fu H, Grabley S, Lin W. Three new pimaren diterpenoids from marine mangrove plant, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza [J]. Pharmazie, 2005, 60(9): 705-707.
He L, Wang Y S, Wang Q J, Lou Z P. A novel triterpene from Ceriops tagal [J]. Pharmazie, 2005, 60(9): 716-717.
He L, Wang Y S, Wang Q J. In vitro antitumor activity of triterpenes from Ceriops tagal [J]. Nat. Prod. Res. 2007, 21(14): 1228-1233.
Homhual S, Bunyapraphatsara N, Kondratyuk T, Herunsalee A, Chaukul W, Pezzuto J M, Fong H H, Zhang H J. Bioactive dammarane triterpenes from the mangrove plant Bruguiera gymnorrhiza [J]. J. Nat. Prod. 2006, 69(3): 421-424.
Homhual S, Zhang H J, Bunyapraphatsara N, Kondratyuk T P, Santarsiero B D, Mesecar A D, Herunsalee A, Chaukul W, Pezzuto J M, Fong H H. Bruguiesulfurol, a new sulfur compound from Bruguiera gymnorrhiza [J]. Planta Med. 2006, 72(3): 255-260.
Kokpol U, Chavasiri W, Chittawong V, Miles D H. Taraxeryl cis-p-hydroxycinnamate, a novel taraxeryl from Rhizophora apiculata [J]. J. Nat. Prod. 1990,53(4): 953-955.
Lakshmi V, Gupta P, Tiwari P, Srivastava A K. Antihyperglycemic activity of Rhizophora apiculata Bl. in rats [J]. Nat. Prod. Res. 2006, 20(14): 1295-1299.
Lakshmi V, Misra A, The novel l-hydroxy-5-oxobicyclo[6.4.0]dodecane from Rhizophora mucronata [J]. Planta Med. 1995, 61(4):382-383.
Laphookhieo S, Karalai C, Ponglimanont C, Chantrapromma K. Pentacyclic triterpenoid esters from the fruits of Bruguiera cylindrical [J]. J. Nat. Prod., 2004b, 67(57): 886-888.
Laphookhieo S, Karalai C, Ponglimanont C. New sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoids from the fruits of Rhizophora mucronata [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull. , 2004a, 52(7): 883-885.
Li D L, Li X M, Peng Z Y, Wang B G. Flavanol derivatives from Rhizophora stylosa and their DPPH radical scavenging activity [J]. Molecules, 2007, 12(5): 1163-1169.
Loo A Y, Jain K, Darah I. Antioxidant activity of compounds isolated from the pyroligneous acid, Rhizophora apiculata [J]. Food Chemistry, 2008, 107(3): 1151-1160.
Loo A Y, Jain K, Darah I. Antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of the pyroligneous acid from a mangrove plant, Rhizophora apiculata [J]. Food Chemistry, 2007, 104(1): 300-307.
Marrero E, Sanchez J, de Armas E, Escobar A, Melchor G, Abad M J, Bermejo P, Villar A M, Megias J, Alcaraz M J. COX-2 and sPLA2 inhibitory activity of aqueous extract and polyphenols of Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove) [J]. Fitoterapia, 2006, 77(4): 313-315.
Melchor G, Armenteros M, Fernandez O, Linares E, Fragas I. Antibacterial activity of Rhizophora mangle bark [J]. Fitoterapia, 2001, 72(6): 689-691.
Miles D H. International Conference on Biodiversity and Bioresources: Conservation and Utilization, Phuket, Thailand, November 23-27, 1997 [C]. IUPAC, 1999.
Oku Hirosuke, Baba Shigeyuki, Koga Hiroya, Takara Kensaku, Iwasaki Hironori. Lipid composition of mangrove and its relevance to salt tolerance [J]. J. Plant. Res. , 2003, 116:37-45.
Perera L M, Ruedas D, Gomez B C. Gastric antiulcer effect of Rhizophora mangle L. [J]. J.Ethnopharmacol, 2001, 77(1): 1-3.
Premanathan M, Arakaki R, Izumi H, Kathiresan K, Nakano M, Yamamoto N, Nakashima H. Antiviral properties of a mangrove plant, Rhizophora apiculata Blume, against human immunodeficiency virus [J]. Antiviral Res. 1999a, 44(2): 113-122.
Premanathan M, Kathiresan K, Yamamoto N, Nakashima H. In vitro anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of polysaccharide from Rhizophora mucronata Poir [J]. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry,1999b, 63(7): 1187-1191.
Rastogi R. P., Mehrotra B. N. Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants. Vol.1.New Delhi: Publications and Information Directorate, 1991, 135-140.
Sakagami H, Kashimata M, Toguchi M, Satoh K, Odanaka Y, Ida Y, Premanathan M, Arakaki R, Kathiresan K, Nakashima H, Komatsu N, Fujimaki M, Yoshihara M. Radical modulation activity of lignins from a mangrove plant, Ceriops decandra (Griff.) Ding Hou [J]. In Vivo, 1998, 12(3): 327-332.
Sanchez J, Melchor G, Martinez G, Escobar A, Faure R. Antioxidant activity of Rhizophora mangle bark [J]. Fitoterapia, 2006, 77(2): 141-143.
Subrahmanyam C, Rao B V, Ward R S, Hursthouse M B, Hibbs D E. Diterpenes from the marine mangrove Bruguiera gymnorhiza [J]. Phytochemistry, 1999, 51: 83-90.
Sun Y Q, Guo Y W. Gymnorrhizol, an unusual macrocyclic polydisulfide from the Chinese mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza [J]. Tetrahedron lett., 2004, 45(28):5533-5535.
Uddin S J, Shilpi J A, Barua J, Rouf R. Antinociceptive activity of Ceriops decandra leaf and pneumatophore [J]. Fitoterapia, 2005, 76(2): 261-263.
Upadhyay, V.P., R. Ranjan, J. S. Singh. Human mangrove conflicts: the way out [J]. Current Science, 2002, 83(11):1328-1336.
Vijayavel K, Anbuselvam C, Balasubramanian M P. Free radical scavenging activity of the marine mangrove Rhizophora apiculata bark extract with reference to naphthalene induced mitochondrial dysfunction [J]. Chem. Biol. Interact. 2006, 163(1-2): 170-175.
Williams L A D. Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae) Triterpenoids with Insecticidal Activity [J]. Naturwissenschaften, 1999, 86: 450–452 .
Zhang Y, Deng Z, Gao T, Proksch P, Lin W. Tagalsins A-H, dolabrane-type diterpenes from the mangrove plant, Ceriops tagal [J]. Phytochemistry, 2005a, 66(12): 1465-1471.
Zhang Y, Lu Y, Mao L, Proksch P, Lin W. Tagalsins I and J, two novel tetraterpenoids from the mangrove plant, Ceriops tagal [J]. Org. Lett. 2005b, 7(14): 3037-3040.
白成科,张媛,王喆之.莱菔子脂肪酸成分的GC-MS分析[J].热带亚热带植物学报, 2006, 14(5):409- 412.
方宝新,但新球.中国红树林资源与保护[J].中南林业调查规划, 2001, 20(3): 25-33.
何磊,王友绍,王清吉.红树林植物红茄苳化学成分及其药理作用研究进展[J].中草药, 2004, 35(11):附5-附7.
黄甫,宋文东,贾振宇.红树植物秋茄树叶挥发油化学组成特点的气相色谱/质谱分析[J].热带海洋学报, 2005, 24(4): 81-84.
林鹏,傅勤.中国红树林环境生态及经济利用[M],北京;高等教育出版社, 1995: 12.
林鹏.我国药用红树林植物[J].海洋药物, 1984, 12(4): 45-51.
林鹏.中国红树林研究进展[J].厦门大学学报, 2001, 40(2): 592-603.
卢昌义,林良牧,汪和海.红树林植物叶片中脂肪酸组成及其资源价值[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版), 1997, 36(3): 454-459.
阮志平.浅谈红树植物及其应用[J].广西热带农业, 2006, 5 : 43-44.
尚随胜,龙盛京.红树林植物木榄的活性成分研究概况[J].中草药, 2005, 36(3):465-467.
宋文东,郭先霞,奚旦立.红树植物红海榄脂肪酸的GC-MS分析[J].热带亚热带植物学报, 2007, 15(5): 447-449.
汤海峰,易杨华,姚新生,张淑瑜,王忠壮.海洋抗肿瘤物质研究概况与展望[J]. 药学服务与研究, 2002, 2(1): 7-16.
王伯荪,张炜银,昝启杰,梁士楚.红树植物之诠释[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版), 2003, 42(3): 42-46.
王友绍,何磊,王清吉,张偲.药用红树植物的化学成分及其药理研究进展[J].中国海洋药物, 2004, 98: 26-31.
吴梧桐,王友同,吴文俊.海洋活性物质研究若干进展[J].药物生物技术, 2000, 7(3): 179-183.
Ageta H, Arai Y, Suzuki H, Kiyotani T, Kitabayashi M. NMR spectra of triterpenoids III. Oleanenes and migrated oleanenes. [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1995, 43(2): 198-203.
Bandaranayake W M. Bioactivities, bioactive compounds and chemical constituents of mangrove plants [J]. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2002, 4(6): 421-452.
Sevil O. Flavonoidal compounds of Inula viscose part 2. [J]. Planta Medica, 1977, 31: 270-272. Wang H, Zhang X F, Pan L, Yang S M, Ma Y B, Luo X D. Chemical constituents from Euphorbia wallichii. [J]. Natural Product Research And Development, 2003, 15(6):483-486.
Wang M F, Kikuzaki H, Csiszar K, Boyd C D, Maunakea A, Fong S F, Ghai G. Rosen R T, Nakatani N, Ho C T. Novel Trisaccharide fatty acid ester identified from the fruits of Morinda Citrifolia(Noni). [J]. J.Agric. FoodChem., 1999, 47(12):4880-4882.
Zhu W M, Shen Y M, Hong X, Zuo G Y. Triterpenoids from the Dai medicinal plant Winchia calophylla. [J]. Acta Botanica Sinica, 2002, 44(3): 354-358.
陈嵘.中国树木分类学[M]北京：科学技术出版社，1958：3.
李想，姚燕华，郑毅男，林文翰，邓志成红树林植物海漆的化学成分(I) [J].中国天然药物，2006，4(3)：188-191.
林鹏，林益明，杨志伟，王湛昌。中国海洋红树林药物的研究现状民间利用及展望[J].海洋科学，2005，29(9)：76-79.
刘文粢，马晴高，顾熊飞，秦国伟.狼毒大戟三萜类和酸类化合物的分离鉴定[J].天然产物研究与开发，2003，15(5)：396-397.
钱士辉，杨念云，段金廒，袁丽红，田丽娟.野马追中黄酮类成分的研究[J].中国中药杂志，2004，29(1)：50-52.
尚明英，蔡少青，李军，门田重利，手壕康弘，范文哲，难波恒雄.中药胡芦巴三萜类成分研究[J].中草药,1998，29(10)：655-657.
尚随胜，龙盛京.红树林植物木榄的活性成分研究概况[J].中草药，2005，36(3)：465-467.
严启新，李萍，王迪.鸡血藤脂溶性化学成分的研究[J].中国药科大学学报.2001，32(5)：336-338.
杨书慧，田宣．秀雅杜鹃化学成分的研究[J].西北植物学报，2007，27(2)：364-370.
杨亚滨，杨雪琼，丁中涛.白花蛇舌草化学成分的研究[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版)，2007，29(2)：187-189.
于德泉，杨峻山.分析化学手册第七分册：核磁共振波谱分析，第二版.[M].北京：科学出版社，1999b，818.
于德泉，杨峻山.分析化学手册第七分册:核磁共振波谱分析，第二版.[M].北京：科学出版社，1999a，817.
于德泉，杨峻山.分析化学手册第七分册：核磁共振波谱分析，第二版.[M].北京：科学出版社，1999c，901.
于德泉，杨峻山.分析化学手册第七分册：核磁共振波谱分析，第二版.[M].北京：科学出版社，1999d，902.
张云峰，魏东，郭祀远，陈峰，堵年生.大花罗布麻的化学成分研究[J].天然产物研究与开发，2006，18：954-957.
钟海军，罗士德，王慧英，陈纪军，李雪琼.万丈深的化学成分[J].云南植物研究，1999，21 (4)：531-534.
Akihisa T, Wijeratne E M K, Tokuda H, Enjo F, Toriumi M, Kimura Y, Koike K, Nikaido T, Tezuka Y, Nishino H. Eupha-7,9(11),24-trien-3β-ol ("Antiquol C") and other triterpenes from Euphorbia antiquorum Latex and their inhibitory effects on epstein-barr virus activation. [J] . J. Nat. Prod., 2002, 65(2): 158–162.
Alam M, Jones E B G, Hossain M B, van der Helm D. Isolation and structure of isoculmorin from the marine fungus Kallichroma tethys [J]. J. Nat. Prod. 1996, 59(4): 454-456.
Aoyama Y, Yoshida Y, Sonoda Y, Sato Y. The 3-hydroxy group of lanosterol is esstial for orienting the substrate in the substrate site of cytochrome P-45014DM ( lanosterol 14α-demethylase) [J]. Biochim Biophys Acta , 1989 , 1006(2) : 209～213.
Barrett A G M, Beall J C, Braddock D C, Flack K, Gibson V C, Salter M M. Asymmetric allylboration and ring closing alkene metathesis: A novel strategy for the synthesis of glycosphingolipids [J] . J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65: 6508-6514.
Batrakov S G, Konova I V, Sheichenko V I, Galanina L A. Glycolipids of the filamentous fungus Absidia corymbifera F-295 [J] . Chem. Phys. Lipids., 2003, 123(2): 157-164.
Blunt J W, Copp B R, Hu W P, Munro M H G, Northcote P T, Prinsep M R. Marine natural products [J]. Nat. Prod .Rep. 2007, 24(1): 31-86.
Blunt J W, Copp B R, Hu W P, Munro M H G, Northcote P T, Prinsep M R. Marine natural products [J]. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2008, 25(1): 35-94.
Blunt J W, Copp B R, Munro M H G, Northcote P T, Prinsep M R. Marine natural products [J]. Nat .Prod .Rep. 2003, 20(1): 1-48.
Blunt J W, Copp B R, Munro M H G, Northcote P T, Prinsep M R. Marine natural products [J]. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2004, 21(1): 1-49.
Blunt J W, Copp B R, Munro M H G, Northcote P T, Prinsep M R. Marine natural products [J]. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2005, 22(1): 15-61.
Blunt J W, Copp B R, Munro M H G, Northcote P T, Prinsep M R. Marine natural products [J].Nat. Prod. Rep. 2006, 23(1): 26-78.
Brodesser S, Sawatzki P , Kolter T. Bioorganic chemistry of ceramide. [J]. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 2021-2034.
Bugni T S, Ireland C M. Marine-derived fungi: a chemically and biologically diverse group of microorganisms. [J]. Nat. Prod. Rep., 2004, 21(1):143-163.
Cafieri F, Fattorusso E, Gavagnin M, Santacroce C. 3β,5α,6β-Trihydroxysterols from the Mediterranean bryozoan Myriapora truncata. [J] . J. Nat. Prod., 1985, 48(6): 944-947.
Chen J H, Cui G Y, Liu J Y, Tan R X. Pinelloside, an antimicrobial cerebroside from Pinellia ternata. [J]. Phytochemistry, 2003, 64(4): 903-906.
Chen X, Wu Y L, Chen D. Structure determination and synthesis of a new cerebroside isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Typhonium giganteum Engl. [J]. Tetrahedron Lett., 2002, 43(19): 3529-3532.
Faulkner J D. Marine natural products [J]. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2000. 17(1): 7-55.
Faulkner J D. Marine natural products [J]. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2001. 18(1): 1-49.
Faulkner J D. Marine natural products [J]. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2002. 19(1): 1-48.
Gao J M, Hu J, Dong Z J, Liu J K. A new ceramide from the basidiomycete Russula cyanoxantha. [J]. Lipids, 2001b, 36(2): 175-180.
Gao J M, Hu J, Dong Z J, Liu J K. New glycosphingolipid containing an unusual sphingoid base from the basidiomycete Polyporus ellisii. [J]. Lipids, 2001a, 36(5): 521-527.
Georgopapadakou N H , Walsh T J . Human Mycoses : Drugs and targets for emerging pathogens [J] . Science , 1994 , 264: 371-373.
Kawai G, Ohnishi M , Fujino Y, Ikeda Y. Stimulatory effect of certain plant sphingolipids on fruiting of Schizophyllum commune. [J] . J Biol chem , 1986 , 261 (2) : 779-784.
Kawai G. Molecular species of cerebrosides in fruiting bodies of Lentinus edodes and their biological activity [J] . Biochimica and Biophysica Acta, 1989, 1001: 185-190.
Keusgen M, Yu C M, Curtis J M, Brewer D, Ayer S W. A cerebroside from the marine fungus Microsphaeropsis olivacea (Bonord.) h?nn. [J]. Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 1996, 24(5): 465-468.
Lin Y C, Shao Z Y, JiEN21g G, Zhou S N, Cai J W, Vrijmoed L L P, Garethb J E B. Penicillazine, a unique quinolone derivative with 4h-5,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazine ring system from the marine fungus Penicillium sp. (Strain #386) from the South China Sea [J] Tetrahedron,2000, 56: 9607-9609.
Mori K, Uenishi K. Synthesis of sphingosine relatives. Part 17. Synthesis of (2S, 2'R, 3R, 3'E, 4E, 8E)-1-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-N-(2'- hydroxy-3'-octadecenoyl)-9-methyl-4, 8-sphingadienine (Pen II), the major cerebroside isolated from Penicillium funiculosum as the fruiting-inducer against Schizophyllum commune. [J]. Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1996, 1-6.
Paul M L Theoretical investigations ofπ-conjugated polyradicals as models for organic magnetic materials [J] . Polymer Preprints 1990, 31(1): 710-711.
Paul M L, Andrew S I. Semiempirical study of electron exchange interaction in organic high-spin -systems. Classifying structural effects in organic magnetic molecules [J] . Journal of Organic Chemistry 1991, 56(9): 3030-3042.
Piccialli V, Sica D. Four new trihydroxylated sterols from the sponge Spongionella gracilis. [J] . J. Nat. Prod., 1987, 50(5): 915-920.
Tan R X, Chen J H. The cerebrosides [J] . Nat. Prod. Rep., 2003, 20: 509-534.
Valisolalao J, Luu B, Ourisson G. Chemical and biochemical study of Chinese drugs. Part VIII. Cytotoxic steriods from Polyporus versicolor. [J]. Tetrahedron, 1983, 39(17):2779-2785.
Xie F, Guo S X. Progress in the research on structures and activities of fungi derived sphingolipids. [J] . Chin Pharm J , 2002, 37: 481-484.
Yue J M, Chen S N, Lin Z W, Sun H D. Sterols from the Fungus Lactarium volemus. [J] . Phytochemistry, 2001, 56: 801-806.
Yue J M, Fan C Q, Xu Jun, Sun H D. Novel Ceramides from the Fungus Lactarium volemus. [J] . J. Nat. Prod. 2001, 64(9): 1246-1248.
Zhang A L, Liu G Q, Gao J M. Chemical Structure of Cerebroside B [J] . Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin, 2001, 21 (4): 684-688.
邓玉清,王纪,虞龙.微生物麦角甾醇的研究进展[J] .微生物学杂志, 2001, 21(3): 45-47.
丁兰平.中国凹顶藻类的研究[D].中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所), 2003.
方金瑞.海洋微生物:开发药物的重要资源[J].中国海洋药物. 1998, 67(3): 53-56.
季海涛,张万年,周有骏.抗真菌药物作用靶酶羊毛甾醇14α去甲基化酶研究[J] .生物化学与生物物理进展, 1999 , 26(2): 108-113.
乐长高,林永成.海洋真菌的化学研究[J].华东地质学院学报. 2001, 24(1): 48-51.
李东明.外瓶霉分类鉴定研究进展[J].国外医学:微生物分册, 2000, 23(5): 24-27.
李洪,任道凤, Berstein I A.皮肤屏障功能与其神经鞘酯类关系的探讨[J] .皮肤病与性病, 1994, 16(4): 1-5.
林永成,周世宁,乐长高.海洋微生物活性代谢产物化学[J].大学化学. 1996, 11(6): 1-7.
Faulkner J D. Marine natural products [J]. Nat. Prod. Rep. 1999, 16(2): 155-198.
林永成,周世宁.海洋微生物及其代谢产物,第一版[M]北京:化学工业出版社—现代生物技术与医药科技出版中心, 2003.
汪天虹,肖天,朱汇源,汪浩.海洋丝状真菌生物活性物质研究进展[J] .海洋科学, 2001, 25(6): 25-27.
王纪,蒋海波,姚建铭,薛小莉,谢和金,刘治林.离子注入麦角甾醇酵母选育及发酵工艺[J] .微生物学杂志, 1998 , 18 (4) :25-28.
徐德强,肖义平.真菌的分类与命名[J].中国真菌学杂志. 2006, 1(1): 54-56.
许向前,洪文荣,陈代杰.黑麦麦角菌产生麦角甾醇的研究[J] .中国抗生素杂志, 2006, 31(6):379-381.
鄢春红,丁萍月,陈莉莉,刘景凌,巫军.梅花参的化学成分研究[J] .中国海洋药物杂志2007, 26(2): 27-29.
杨光富,杨华峥.麦角甾醇生物合成抑制剂分子设计的研究进展[J].农药译丛. 1996, 18(1): 21-29.
姚新生,吴立军,吴继洲.天然药物化学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社, 2004: 313.
于德泉,杨峻山.分析化学手册第七分册:核磁共振波谱分析,第二版[M].北京:科学出版社, 1999, 591.
张翼.两株海藻内生真菌次生代谢产物及其生物活性研究[D].中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所), 2007.
张致平.抗真菌药物研究进展[J] .中国新药杂志, 2004, 13(2): 106-110.
胡疆,张卫东,柳润辉,张川,沈云亨,徐希科,梁明金,李慧梁.两面针的化学成分研究[J] .中国中药杂志, 2006, 31(20): 1689-1691.
Burda S, Oleszek W. Antioxidant and antiradical activities of flavonoids. [J]. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001, 49(6): 2774-2779.
Chen J H, Ho C T. Antioxidant activities of caffeic acid and its related hydroxycinnamic acid compounds [J]. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1997, 45(7): 2374-2378.
Schulz B, Sucker J, Aust H J, Krohn K, Ludewig K, Jones P G, Dōring D. Biologically active secondary metabolites of endophytic Pezicula species [J]. Mycol.Res. 1995, 99(8): 1007-1015.
清萍,敖宗华,陶文沂.恒顺香醋DPPH自由基清除活性成分研究[J].中国调味品, 2004,(7): 19-23.
马庆一,张侠,熊卫东,林美华.红薯梗中清除自由基活性成分的研究[J].食品科学, 2003, 24(6): 145-148.
尚随胜,龙盛京.红树林植物木榄的活性成分研究概况[J].中草药, 2005, 36(3):465-467.
Ammanamanchi S R, Anjaneyulu A S R, Rao V L. New beyerane and isopimarane diterpenoids from Rhizophora mucronata [J]. J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res. 2002, 4(1): 53-61.
Anjaneyulu A S R, Rao V L, Lobkovsky E, Clardy J. Ceriopsin E, a new epoxy ent-kaurene diterpenoid from Ceriops decandra [J]. J. Nat. Prod. 2002, 65(4): 592-594.
Anjaneyulu A S, Rao V L. Ceriopsins A-D, diterpenoids from Ceriops decandra [J]. Phytochemistry, 2002, 60(8): 777-782.
Anjaneyulu A S, Rao V L. Ceriopsins F and G, diterpenoids from Ceriops decandra [J]. Phytochemistry, 2003, 62(8):1207-1211.
Anjaneyulu A S, Rao V L. Rhizophorin A, a novel secolabdane diterpenoid from the Indian mangrove plant Rhizophora mucronata [J]. Nat. Prod. Lett. 2001, 15(1): 13-19.
Bandaranayake W M. Bioactivities, bioactive compounds and chemical constituents of mangrove plants [J]. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2002, 4(6): 421-452.
Bandaranayake W M. Traditional and medicinal uses of mangroves [J]. Mangroves and SaltMarshes, 1998, 2(3): 133-148.
Bao S, Deng Z, Fu H, Proksch P, Lin W. Diterpenes and disulfides from the marine mangrove plant Bruguiera sexangula var. rhynchopetala [J]. Helv. Chim. Acta, 2005, 88(10): 2757-2763.
Berenguer B, Sanchez L M, Quilez A, Lopez-Barreiro M, de Haro O, Galvez J, Martin M J. Protective and antioxidant effects of Rhizophora mangle L. against NSAID-induced gastric ulcers [J]. J. Ethnopharmacol, 2006, 103(2): 194-200.
Chumkaew, P, Kato S, Chantrapromma K. A new triterpenoid ester from the fruits of Bruguiera parviflora [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 2005, 53(1): 95-96.
de Armas E, Sarracent Y, Marrero E, Fernández O, Branford W C. Efficacy of Rhizophora mangle aqueous bark extract (RMABE) in the treatment of aphthous ulcers: a pilot study [J]. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 2005, 21(11): 1711-1715.
Fernández O, Capdevila J Z, Dalla G, Melchor G. Efficacy of Rhizophora mangle aqueous bark extract in the healing of open surgical wounds [J]. Fitoterapia, 2002, 73(7-8): 564-568.
Gongj X, Shen X, Yao L G, Jiang H, Krohn K, Guo Y W. Total synthesis of gymnorrhizol, an unprecedented 15-membered macrocyclic polydisulfide from the Chinese mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza [J]. Org. Lett. 2007, 9(9): 1715-1716.
Han L, Huang X, Sattler I, Dahse H. M . New diterpenoids from the marine mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza [J]. J. Nat. Prod. 2004,67(9): 1620-1623.
Han L, Huang X S, Sattler I, Fu H Z, Grabley S, Lin W H. Two new constituents from mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza [J]. J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res. 2007, 9(3-5): 327-331.
Han L, Huang X, Sattler I, Dahse H M, Fu H, Grabley S, Lin W. Three new pimaren diterpenoids from marine mangrove plant, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza [J]. Pharmazie, 2005, 60(9): 705-707.
He L, Wang Y S, Wang Q J, Lou Z P. A novel triterpene from Ceriops tagal [J]. Pharmazie, 2005, 60(9): 716-717.
He L, Wang Y S, Wang Q J. In vitro antitumor activity of triterpenes from Ceriops tagal [J]. Nat. Prod. Res. 2007, 21(14): 1228-1233.
Homhual S, Bunyapraphatsara N, Kondratyuk T, Herunsalee A, Chaukul W, Pezzuto J M, Fong H H, Zhang H J. Bioactive dammarane triterpenes from the mangrove plant Bruguiera gymnorrhiza [J]. J. Nat. Prod. 2006, 69(3): 421-424.
Homhual S, Zhang H J, Bunyapraphatsara N, Kondratyuk T P, Santarsiero B D, Mesecar A D, Herunsalee A, Chaukul W, Pezzuto J M, Fong H H. Bruguiesulfurol, a new sulfur compound from Bruguiera gymnorrhiza [J]. Planta Med. 2006, 72(3): 255-260.
Kokpol U, Chavasiri W, Chittawong V, Miles D H. Taraxeryl cis-p-hydroxycinnamate, a novel taraxeryl from Rhizophora apiculata [J]. J. Nat. Prod. 1990,53(4): 953-955.
Lakshmi V, Gupta P, Tiwari P, Srivastava A K. Antihyperglycemic activity of Rhizophora apiculata Bl. in rats [J]. Nat. Prod. Res. 2006, 20(14): 1295-1299.
Lakshmi V, Misra A, The novel l-hydroxy-5-oxobicyclo[6.4.0]dodecane from Rhizophora mucronata [J]. Planta Med. 1995, 61(4):382-383.
Laphookhieo S, Karalai C, Ponglimanont C, Chantrapromma K. Pentacyclic triterpenoid esters from the fruits of Bruguiera cylindrical [J]. J. Nat. Prod., 2004b, 67(57): 886-888.
Laphookhieo S, Karalai C, Ponglimanont C. New sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoids from the fruits of Rhizophora mucronata [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull. , 2004a, 52(7): 883-885.
Li D L, Li X M, Peng Z Y, Wang B G. Flavanol derivatives from Rhizophora stylosa and their DPPH radical scavenging activity [J]. Molecules, 2007, 12(5): 1163-1169.
Loo A Y, Jain K, Darah I. Antioxidant activity of compounds isolated from the pyroligneous acid, Rhizophora apiculata [J]. Food Chemistry, 2008, 107(3): 1151-1160.
Loo A Y, Jain K, Darah I. Antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of the pyroligneous acid from a mangrove plant, Rhizophora apiculata [J]. Food Chemistry, 2007, 104(1): 300-307.
Marrero E, Sanchez J, de Armas E, Escobar A, Melchor G, Abad M J, Bermejo P, Villar A M, Megias J, Alcaraz M J. COX-2 and sPLA2 inhibitory activity of aqueous extract and polyphenols of Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove) [J]. Fitoterapia, 2006, 77(4): 313-315.
Melchor G, Armenteros M, Fernandez O, Linares E, Fragas I. Antibacterial activity of Rhizophora mangle bark [J]. Fitoterapia, 2001, 72(6): 689-691.
Miles D H. International Conference on Biodiversity and Bioresources: Conservation and Utilization, Phuket, Thailand, November 23-27, 1997 [C]. IUPAC, 1999.
Oku Hirosuke, Baba Shigeyuki, Koga Hiroya, Takara Kensaku, Iwasaki Hironori. Lipid composition of mangrove and its relevance to salt tolerance [J]. J. Plant. Res. , 2003, 116:37-45.
Perera L M, Ruedas D, Gomez B C. Gastric antiulcer effect of Rhizophora mangle L. [J]. J.Ethnopharmacol, 2001, 77(1): 1-3.
Premanathan M, Arakaki R, Izumi H, Kathiresan K, Nakano M, Yamamoto N, Nakashima H. Antiviral properties of a mangrove plant, Rhizophora apiculata Blume, against human immunodeficiency virus [J]. Antiviral Res. 1999a, 44(2): 113-122.
Premanathan M, Kathiresan K, Yamamoto N, Nakashima H. In vitro anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of polysaccharide from Rhizophora mucronata Poir [J]. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry,1999b, 63(7): 1187-1191.
Rastogi R. P., Mehrotra B. N. Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants. Vol.1.New Delhi: Publications and Information Directorate, 1991, 135-140.
Sakagami H, Kashimata M, Toguchi M, Satoh K, Odanaka Y, Ida Y, Premanathan M, Arakaki R, Kathiresan K, Nakashima H, Komatsu N, Fujimaki M, Yoshihara M. Radical modulation activity of lignins from a mangrove plant, Ceriops decandra (Griff.) Ding Hou [J]. In Vivo, 1998, 12(3): 327-332.
Sanchez J, Melchor G, Martinez G, Escobar A, Faure R. Antioxidant activity of Rhizophora mangle bark [J]. Fitoterapia, 2006, 77(2): 141-143.
Subrahmanyam C, Rao B V, Ward R S, Hursthouse M B, Hibbs D E. Diterpenes from the marine mangrove Bruguiera gymnorhiza [J]. Phytochemistry, 1999, 51: 83-90.
Sun Y Q, Guo Y W. Gymnorrhizol, an unusual macrocyclic polydisulfide from the Chinese mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza [J]. Tetrahedron lett., 2004, 45(28):5533-5535.
Uddin S J, Shilpi J A, Barua J, Rouf R. Antinociceptive activity of Ceriops decandra leaf and pneumatophore [J]. Fitoterapia, 2005, 76(2): 261-263.
Upadhyay, V.P., R. Ranjan, J. S. Singh. Human mangrove conflicts: the way out [J]. Current Science, 2002, 83(11):1328-1336.
Vijayavel K, Anbuselvam C, Balasubramanian M P. Free radical scavenging activity of the marine mangrove Rhizophora apiculata bark extract with reference to naphthalene induced mitochondrial dysfunction [J]. Chem. Biol. Interact. 2006, 163(1-2): 170-175.
Williams L A D. Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae) Triterpenoids with Insecticidal Activity [J]. Naturwissenschaften, 1999, 86: 450–452 .
Zhang Y, Deng Z, Gao T, Proksch P, Lin W. Tagalsins A-H, dolabrane-type diterpenes from the mangrove plant, Ceriops tagal [J]. Phytochemistry, 2005a, 66(12): 1465-1471.
Zhang Y, Lu Y, Mao L, Proksch P, Lin W. Tagalsins I and J, two novel tetraterpenoids from the mangrove plant, Ceriops tagal [J]. Org. Lett. 2005b, 7(14): 3037-3040.
白成科,张媛,王喆之.莱菔子脂肪酸成分的GC-MS分析[J].热带亚热带植物学报, 2006, 14(5):409- 412.
方宝新,但新球.中国红树林资源与保护[J].中南林业调查规划, 2001, 20(3): 25-33.
何磊,王友绍,王清吉.红树林植物红茄苳化学成分及其药理作用研究进展[J].中草药, 2004, 35(11):附5-附7.
黄甫,宋文东,贾振宇.红树植物秋茄树叶挥发油化学组成特点的气相色谱/质谱分析[J].热带海洋学报, 2005, 24(4): 81-84.
林鹏,傅勤.中国红树林环境生态及经济利用[M],北京;高等教育出版社, 1995: 12.
林鹏.我国药用红树林植物[J].海洋药物, 1984, 12(4): 45-51.
林鹏.中国红树林研究进展[J].厦门大学学报, 2001, 40(2): 592-603.
卢昌义,林良牧,汪和海.红树林植物叶片中脂肪酸组成及其资源价值[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版), 1997, 36(3): 454-459.
阮志平.浅谈红树植物及其应用[J].广西热带农业, 2006, 5 : 43-44.
尚随胜,龙盛京.红树林植物木榄的活性成分研究概况[J].中草药, 2005, 36(3):465-467.
宋文东,郭先霞,奚旦立.红树植物红海榄脂肪酸的GC-MS分析[J].热带亚热带植物学报, 2007, 15(5): 447-449.
汤海峰,易杨华,姚新生,张淑瑜,王忠壮.海洋抗肿瘤物质研究概况与展望[J]. 药学服务与研究, 2002, 2(1): 7-16.
王伯荪,张炜银,昝启杰,梁士楚.红树植物之诠释[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版), 2003, 42(3): 42-46.
王友绍,何磊,王清吉,张偲.药用红树植物的化学成分及其药理研究进展[J].中国海洋药物, 2004, 98: 26-31.
吴梧桐,王友同,吴文俊.海洋活性物质研究若干进展[J].药物生物技术, 2000, 7(3): 179-183.
Ageta H, Arai Y, Suzuki H, Kiyotani T, Kitabayashi M. NMR spectra of triterpenoids III. Oleanenes and migrated oleanenes. [J]. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1995, 43(2): 198-203.
Bandaranayake W M. Bioactivities, bioactive compounds and chemical constituents of mangrove plants [J]. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2002, 4(6): 421-452.
Sevil O. Flavonoidal compounds of Inula viscose part 2. [J]. Planta Medica, 1977, 31: 270-272. Wang H, Zhang X F, Pan L, Yang S M, Ma Y B, Luo X D. Chemical constituents from Euphorbia wallichii. [J]. Natural Product Research And Development, 2003, 15(6):483-486.
Wang M F, Kikuzaki H, Csiszar K, Boyd C D, Maunakea A, Fong S F, Ghai G. Rosen R T, Nakatani N, Ho C T. Novel Trisaccharide fatty acid ester identified from the fruits of Morinda Citrifolia(Noni). [J]. J.Agric. FoodChem., 1999, 47(12):4880-4882.
Zhu W M, Shen Y M, Hong X, Zuo G Y. Triterpenoids from the Dai medicinal plant Winchia calophylla. [J]. Acta Botanica Sinica, 2002, 44(3): 354-358.
陈嵘.中国树木分类学[M]北京：科学技术出版社，1958：3.
李想，姚燕华，郑毅男，林文翰，邓志成红树林植物海漆的化学成分(I) [J].中国天然药物，2006，4(3)：188-191.
林鹏，林益明，杨志伟，王湛昌。中国海洋红树林药物的研究现状民间利用及展望[J].海洋科学，2005，29(9)：76-79.
刘文粢，马晴高，顾熊飞，秦国伟.狼毒大戟三萜类和酸类化合物的分离鉴定[J].天然产物研究与开发，2003，15(5)：396-397.
钱士辉，杨念云，段金廒，袁丽红，田丽娟.野马追中黄酮类成分的研究[J].中国中药杂志，2004，29(1)：50-52.
尚明英，蔡少青，李军，门田重利，手壕康弘，范文哲，难波恒雄.中药胡芦巴三萜类成分研究[J].中草药,1998，29(10)：655-657.
尚随胜，龙盛京.红树林植物木榄的活性成分研究概况[J].中草药，2005，36(3)：465-467.
严启新，李萍，王迪.鸡血藤脂溶性化学成分的研究[J].中国药科大学学报.2001，32(5)：336-338.
杨书慧，田宣．秀雅杜鹃化学成分的研究[J].西北植物学报，2007，27(2)：364-370.
杨亚滨，杨雪琼，丁中涛.白花蛇舌草化学成分的研究[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版)，2007，29(2)：187-189.
于德泉，杨峻山.分析化学手册第七分册：核磁共振波谱分析，第二版.[M].北京：科学出版社，1999b，818.
于德泉，杨峻山.分析化学手册第七分册:核磁共振波谱分析，第二版.[M].北京：科学出版社，1999a，817.
于德泉，杨峻山.分析化学手册第七分册：核磁共振波谱分析，第二版.[M].北京：科学出版社，1999c，901.
于德泉，杨峻山.分析化学手册第七分册：核磁共振波谱分析，第二版.[M].北京：科学出版社，1999d，902.
张云峰，魏东，郭祀远，陈峰，堵年生.大花罗布麻的化学成分研究[J].天然产物研究与开发，2006，18：954-957.
钟海军，罗士德，王慧英，陈纪军，李雪琼.万丈深的化学成分[J].云南植物研究，1999，21 (4)：531-534.
Akihisa T, Wijeratne E M K, Tokuda H, Enjo F, Toriumi M, Kimura Y, Koike K, Nikaido T, Tezuka Y, Nishino H. Eupha-7,9(11),24-trien-3β-ol ("Antiquol C") and other triterpenes from Euphorbia antiquorum Latex and their inhibitory effects on epstein-barr virus activation. [J] . J. Nat. Prod., 2002, 65(2): 158–162.
Alam M, Jones E B G, Hossain M B, van der Helm D. Isolation and structure of isoculmorin from the marine fungus Kallichroma tethys [J]. J. Nat. Prod. 1996, 59(4): 454-456.
Aoyama Y, Yoshida Y, Sonoda Y, Sato Y. The 3-hydroxy group of lanosterol is esstial for orienting the substrate in the substrate site of cytochrome P-45014DM ( lanosterol 14α-demethylase) [J]. Biochim Biophys Acta , 1989 , 1006(2) : 209～213.
Barrett A G M, Beall J C, Braddock D C, Flack K, Gibson V C, Salter M M. Asymmetric allylboration and ring closing alkene metathesis: A novel strategy for the synthesis of glycosphingolipids [J] . J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65: 6508-6514.
Batrakov S G, Konova I V, Sheichenko V I, Galanina L A. Glycolipids of the filamentous fungus Absidia corymbifera F-295 [J] . Chem. Phys. Lipids., 2003, 123(2): 157-164.
Blunt J W, Copp B R, Hu W P, Munro M H G, Northcote P T, Prinsep M R. Marine natural products [J]. Nat. Prod .Rep. 2007, 24(1): 31-86.
Blunt J W, Copp B R, Hu W P, Munro M H G, Northcote P T, Prinsep M R. Marine natural products [J]. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2008, 25(1): 35-94.
Blunt J W, Copp B R, Munro M H G, Northcote P T, Prinsep M R. Marine natural products [J]. Nat .Prod .Rep. 2003, 20(1): 1-48.
Blunt J W, Copp B R, Munro M H G, Northcote P T, Prinsep M R. Marine natural products [J]. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2004, 21(1): 1-49.
Blunt J W, Copp B R, Munro M H G, Northcote P T, Prinsep M R. Marine natural products [J]. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2005, 22(1): 15-61.
Blunt J W, Copp B R, Munro M H G, Northcote P T, Prinsep M R. Marine natural products [J].Nat. Prod. Rep. 2006, 23(1): 26-78.
Brodesser S, Sawatzki P , Kolter T. Bioorganic chemistry of ceramide. [J]. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 2021-2034.
Bugni T S, Ireland C M. Marine-derived fungi: a chemically and biologically diverse group of microorganisms. [J]. Nat. Prod. Rep., 2004, 21(1):143-163.
Cafieri F, Fattorusso E, Gavagnin M, Santacroce C. 3β,5α,6β-Trihydroxysterols from the Mediterranean bryozoan Myriapora truncata. [J] . J. Nat. Prod., 1985, 48(6): 944-947.
Chen J H, Cui G Y, Liu J Y, Tan R X. Pinelloside, an antimicrobial cerebroside from Pinellia ternata. [J]. Phytochemistry, 2003, 64(4): 903-906.
Chen X, Wu Y L, Chen D. Structure determination and synthesis of a new cerebroside isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Typhonium giganteum Engl. [J]. Tetrahedron Lett., 2002, 43(19): 3529-3532.
Faulkner J D. Marine natural products [J]. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2000. 17(1): 7-55.
Faulkner J D. Marine natural products [J]. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2001. 18(1): 1-49.
Faulkner J D. Marine natural products [J]. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2002. 19(1): 1-48.
Gao J M, Hu J, Dong Z J, Liu J K. A new ceramide from the basidiomycete Russula cyanoxantha. [J]. Lipids, 2001b, 36(2): 175-180.
Gao J M, Hu J, Dong Z J, Liu J K. New glycosphingolipid containing an unusual sphingoid base from the basidiomycete Polyporus ellisii. [J]. Lipids, 2001a, 36(5): 521-527.
Georgopapadakou N H , Walsh T J . Human Mycoses : Drugs and targets for emerging pathogens [J] . Science , 1994 , 264: 371-373.
Kawai G, Ohnishi M , Fujino Y, Ikeda Y. Stimulatory effect of certain plant sphingolipids on fruiting of Schizophyllum commune. [J] . J Biol chem , 1986 , 261 (2) : 779-784.
Kawai G. Molecular species of cerebrosides in fruiting bodies of Lentinus edodes and their biological activity [J] . Biochimica and Biophysica Acta, 1989, 1001: 185-190.
Keusgen M, Yu C M, Curtis J M, Brewer D, Ayer S W. A cerebroside from the marine fungus Microsphaeropsis olivacea (Bonord.) h?nn. [J]. Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 1996, 24(5): 465-468.
Lin Y C, Shao Z Y, JiEN21g G, Zhou S N, Cai J W, Vrijmoed L L P, Garethb J E B. Penicillazine, a unique quinolone derivative with 4h-5,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazine ring system from the marine fungus Penicillium sp. (Strain #386) from the South China Sea [J] Tetrahedron,2000, 56: 9607-9609.
Mori K, Uenishi K. Synthesis of sphingosine relatives. Part 17. Synthesis of (2S, 2'R, 3R, 3'E, 4E, 8E)-1-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-N-(2'- hydroxy-3'-octadecenoyl)-9-methyl-4, 8-sphingadienine (Pen II), the major cerebroside isolated from Penicillium funiculosum as the fruiting-inducer against Schizophyllum commune. [J]. Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1996, 1-6.
Paul M L Theoretical investigations ofπ-conjugated polyradicals as models for organic magnetic materials [J] . Polymer Preprints 1990, 31(1): 710-711.
Paul M L, Andrew S I. Semiempirical study of electron exchange interaction in organic high-spin -systems. Classifying structural effects in organic magnetic molecules [J] . Journal of Organic Chemistry 1991, 56(9): 3030-3042.
Piccialli V, Sica D. Four new trihydroxylated sterols from the sponge Spongionella gracilis. [J] . J. Nat. Prod., 1987, 50(5): 915-920.
Tan R X, Chen J H. The cerebrosides [J] . Nat. Prod. Rep., 2003, 20: 509-534.
Valisolalao J, Luu B, Ourisson G. Chemical and biochemical study of Chinese drugs. Part VIII. Cytotoxic steriods from Polyporus versicolor. [J]. Tetrahedron, 1983, 39(17):2779-2785.
Xie F, Guo S X. Progress in the research on structures and activities of fungi derived sphingolipids. [J] . Chin Pharm J , 2002, 37: 481-484.
Yue J M, Chen S N, Lin Z W, Sun H D. Sterols from the Fungus Lactarium volemus. [J] . Phytochemistry, 2001, 56: 801-806.
Yue J M, Fan C Q, Xu Jun, Sun H D. Novel Ceramides from the Fungus Lactarium volemus. [J] . J. Nat. Prod. 2001, 64(9): 1246-1248.
Zhang A L, Liu G Q, Gao J M. Chemical Structure of Cerebroside B [J] . Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin, 2001, 21 (4): 684-688.
邓玉清,王纪,虞龙.微生物麦角甾醇的研究进展[J] .微生物学杂志, 2001, 21(3): 45-47.
丁兰平.中国凹顶藻类的研究[D].中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所), 2003.
方金瑞.海洋微生物:开发药物的重要资源[J].中国海洋药物. 1998, 67(3): 53-56.
季海涛,张万年,周有骏.抗真菌药物作用靶酶羊毛甾醇14α去甲基化酶研究[J] .生物化学与生物物理进展, 1999 , 26(2): 108-113.
乐长高,林永成.海洋真菌的化学研究[J].华东地质学院学报. 2001, 24(1): 48-51.
李东明.外瓶霉分类鉴定研究进展[J].国外医学:微生物分册, 2000, 23(5): 24-27.
李洪,任道凤, Berstein I A.皮肤屏障功能与其神经鞘酯类关系的探讨[J] .皮肤病与性病, 1994, 16(4): 1-5.
林永成,周世宁,乐长高.海洋微生物活性代谢产物化学[J].大学化学. 1996, 11(6): 1-7.
Faulkner J D. Marine natural products [J]. Nat. Prod. Rep. 1999, 16(2): 155-198.
林永成,周世宁.海洋微生物及其代谢产物,第一版[M]北京:化学工业出版社—现代生物技术与医药科技出版中心, 2003.
汪天虹,肖天,朱汇源,汪浩.海洋丝状真菌生物活性物质研究进展[J] .海洋科学, 2001, 25(6): 25-27.
王纪,蒋海波,姚建铭,薛小莉,谢和金,刘治林.离子注入麦角甾醇酵母选育及发酵工艺[J] .微生物学杂志, 1998 , 18 (4) :25-28.
徐德强,肖义平.真菌的分类与命名[J].中国真菌学杂志. 2006, 1(1): 54-56.
许向前,洪文荣,陈代杰.黑麦麦角菌产生麦角甾醇的研究[J] .中国抗生素杂志, 2006, 31(6):379-381.
鄢春红,丁萍月,陈莉莉,刘景凌,巫军.梅花参的化学成分研究[J] .中国海洋药物杂志2007, 26(2): 27-29.
杨光富,杨华峥.麦角甾醇生物合成抑制剂分子设计的研究进展[J].农药译丛. 1996, 18(1): 21-29.
姚新生,吴立军,吴继洲.天然药物化学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社, 2004: 313.
于德泉,杨峻山.分析化学手册第七分册:核磁共振波谱分析,第二版[M].北京:科学出版社, 1999, 591.
张翼.两株海藻内生真菌次生代谢产物及其生物活性研究[D].中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所), 2007.
张致平.抗真菌药物研究进展[J] .中国新药杂志, 2004, 13(2): 106-110.
胡疆,张卫东,柳润辉,张川,沈云亨,徐希科,梁明金,李慧梁.两面针的化学成分研究[J] .中国中药杂志, 2006, 31(20): 1689-1691.
Burda S, Oleszek W. Antioxidant and antiradical activities of flavonoids. [J]. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001, 49(6): 2774-2779.
Chen J H, Ho C T. Antioxidant activities of caffeic acid and its related hydroxycinnamic acid compounds [J]. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1997, 45(7): 2374-2378.
Schulz B, Sucker J, Aust H J, Krohn K, Ludewig K, Jones P G, Dōring D. Biologically active secondary metabolites of endophytic Pezicula species [J]. Mycol.Res. 1995, 99(8): 1007-1015.
清萍,敖宗华,陶文沂.恒顺香醋DPPH自由基清除活性成分研究[J].中国调味品, 2004,(7): 19-23.
马庆一,张侠,熊卫东,林美华.红薯梗中清除自由基活性成分的研究[J].食品科学, 2003, 24(6): 145-148.
尚随胜,龙盛京.红树林植物木榄的活性成分研究概况[J].中草药, 2005, 36(3):465-467.