早籼优质不育系秋香A的选育及应用研究
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摘要
利用金23B、香2B、美洲稻、香5B和威20B等国内外优良保持系亲本(材料)进行多次杂交改良制保,然后与优质不育系新香A测交和连续回交选育新的优质不育系;以新不育系、金23A、新香A、T98A及其保持系和眀恢63等6个中稻恢复系及其所配24个杂交组合为材料,分别对新不育系的主要特征特性、繁殖制种技术及其对主要经济性状的配合力效应进行了比较研究。主要结果如下:
1、2005年育成了一个新的野败型细胞质雄性不育系秋香A,2006年3月通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定。
2、秋香A不育性彻底稳定和异交特性优良。经多年多代显微镜检查,其花粉败育率为100%,其中典败花粉率为97.76%,园败花粉率为2.24%,自然结实率为零,不育株率100%;柱头外露率为83.87%,与金23A相当,比新香A和T98A分别高10.61和8.22个百分点,其中双边外露率为48.03%,略低于金23A,略高于新香A和T98A;柱头活力与T98A相当,明显强于金23A和新香A;开颖角度大,开花时间长,午前花比例高达73.46%;对“九二0”比较敏感,一般每667m~2喷施13g左右,可完全解除其包颈。
3、秋香A农艺性状好但不抗稻瘟和白叶枯病。生育期属迟熟早籼类型,感温性较强,耐热性好,播始历期比金23A长7-9d,主茎叶片数比金23A多2叶左右;株高70cm左右,株叶形态好,叶色深绿,后期不早衰;分蘖力较强,每穗颖花数110粒左右,细长粒型,秋香B千粒重25g左右;稻米品质优,茎杆和稻米有香味;稻瘟病苗叶瘟8级,穗颈瘟9级,白叶枯病7级。
4、秋香A的繁殖制种产量较高。经多年繁殖制种试验调查和测产,其繁殖制种异交率一般在50%以上,繁殖制种产量一般在200kg/667m~2左右。
5、秋香A对杂种单株产量等性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力良好。用秋香A、金23A、新香A和T98A分别与明恢63等6个中稻恢复系进行不完全双列杂交的配合力分析结果表明,秋香A对杂种单株产量、千粒重、结实率和单株穗数等4个性状的一般配合力相对效应值为正,每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、株高、穗长和全生育期等5个性状的一般配合力相对效应值为负,说明秋香A所配组合的有效穗数多、千粒重大、结实率高,每穗总粒数和实粒数较少、株高较矮、穗长较短和全生育期较短,故其单株产量较高,产量潜力较大;从供试组合单株产量的特殊配合力相对效应值来看;以秋香A/R471、新香A/R198、新香A/R388和T98A/R321等4个组合的相对效应值最大,均在10.01以上,说明秋香A与新香A和T98A一样,能够配制出产量优势很强的组合,而且,秋香A所配组合还具有全生育期较短、株高较矮、有效穗数较多等优点,故其增产潜力更大,利用前景更广阔。
In order to breed a new CMS line,elite maintaining parents from home and abroad including Jing23B,Xiang 2 B,American rice,,Xiang 5B,Wei20 B were used to conduct multi-hybridization to produce a new maintaining line.Then,a new CMS line named Qiu xiang A with high-quality was developed from testcross and successive backcross with Xin xiang A.Qiu xiang A,Jing23A,Xin xiang A,T98A and their maintaining lines and Ming Hui 63 et al.,six mid-season restorer lines were used to produce 24 combinations and used for materials in this expreinment.The main characteristics and reproductive technology and combining ability of main agronomy characters were studied.Main results are as follows:
1.Qiu xiang A shows a complete and stable male sterility and high outcrossing rate.It shows 100%of sterile plants and pollen sterility includeing 97.76%of typical sterile pollen and 2.24%of rounded shaped sterile pollen and 0%of selfing seed setting,stigma exposed rate of 83.87 percent matching with Jing 23A,10.61 percentage points and 8.22 percentage points higher than Xin xiang A and T98A respectively,bilateral exposed rate slightly lower than Jing23 A and higher than Xin xiang A and T98A,stigma vitality matching T98A and stronger than Jing 23 A and Xin xiang A.It has bigger angle spikelet and flowering a long time.The flowering rate before noon is as high as 73.46 percent.It is quite sensitive to "920" and sprayed about 13 g/667m~2 can be completely to lift its neck package.
2.Qiu xiang A has good agronomic traits and susceptible to rice blast and bacterial leaf blight disease.It is a late maturity type of early season indica rice, sensitive to temperature and resistant to heat,days from seeding to initial heading longer than Jin 23A 7-9d,and the main stem leaves more than Jin 23A 2 leaves.It has about 70 cm of plant height,good plant type,dark green color leaves,no premature senility and strong tiller ability.It has spikelets about 110 per panicle, slender type grains and 25g of 1000-grains weight(Qiu xiang B).Its grains is of high quality and aromatic.The Qiu xiang A graded in the leaf blast resistance of 8 class, the neck blast resistance of 9 class and bacterial leaf blight of 7 class.
3.Qiu xiang A can get a higher yield of propagating and hybrid seeds.After many years of experiments and survey of yield,the outcrossing rate of Qiu xiang A was more than 50 percent generally,and yield of propagating and hybrid seeds about 200 kg/667m~2.
4.Qiu xiang A has good combining ability(including general combining ability and special combining ability)in grain weight per plant and other agronomic traits.To analyze the combining ability xiang A,Jin 23A,Xin xiang A and T98A were crossed with 6 mid-season restorer lines(includeing Ming Hui 63).The results showed that hybrids of Qiu xiang A has positive relative value of GCA in grain weight per plant,1000-grains weight,seed setting rate and panicle number per plant,but negative value in spikelet number per panicle,filled spikelet number per panicle,plant height,panicle length and growth duration.From which,hybrids of Qiu xiang A have more effective panicles,greater1000-grains weight,higher seed setting rate,but less number of spikelets and filled spikelets per panicle,shorter panicle length and plant height and growth duration.It also means hybrids of Qiu xiang A can get greater grain weight per plant and yield potential.From the relative value of SCA,Qiu xiang A/R471、Xin xiang A/R198、Xin xiang A /R388 and T98A/R321 have greater values of SCA(all above 10.01),which means Qiu xiang A can also be used to produce hybrid combinations with strong heterosis,furthermore with shorter plant height and growth duration and more effective panicles.Therefore,hybrid combinations of Qiu xiang A have greater yield potential and broad prospect of utilization.
1、2005年育成了一个新的野败型细胞质雄性不育系秋香A,2006年3月通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定。
2、秋香A不育性彻底稳定和异交特性优良。经多年多代显微镜检查,其花粉败育率为100%,其中典败花粉率为97.76%,园败花粉率为2.24%,自然结实率为零,不育株率100%;柱头外露率为83.87%,与金23A相当,比新香A和T98A分别高10.61和8.22个百分点,其中双边外露率为48.03%,略低于金23A,略高于新香A和T98A;柱头活力与T98A相当,明显强于金23A和新香A;开颖角度大,开花时间长,午前花比例高达73.46%;对“九二0”比较敏感,一般每667m~2喷施13g左右,可完全解除其包颈。
3、秋香A农艺性状好但不抗稻瘟和白叶枯病。生育期属迟熟早籼类型,感温性较强,耐热性好,播始历期比金23A长7-9d,主茎叶片数比金23A多2叶左右;株高70cm左右,株叶形态好,叶色深绿,后期不早衰;分蘖力较强,每穗颖花数110粒左右,细长粒型,秋香B千粒重25g左右;稻米品质优,茎杆和稻米有香味;稻瘟病苗叶瘟8级,穗颈瘟9级,白叶枯病7级。
4、秋香A的繁殖制种产量较高。经多年繁殖制种试验调查和测产,其繁殖制种异交率一般在50%以上,繁殖制种产量一般在200kg/667m~2左右。
5、秋香A对杂种单株产量等性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力良好。用秋香A、金23A、新香A和T98A分别与明恢63等6个中稻恢复系进行不完全双列杂交的配合力分析结果表明,秋香A对杂种单株产量、千粒重、结实率和单株穗数等4个性状的一般配合力相对效应值为正,每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、株高、穗长和全生育期等5个性状的一般配合力相对效应值为负,说明秋香A所配组合的有效穗数多、千粒重大、结实率高,每穗总粒数和实粒数较少、株高较矮、穗长较短和全生育期较短,故其单株产量较高,产量潜力较大;从供试组合单株产量的特殊配合力相对效应值来看;以秋香A/R471、新香A/R198、新香A/R388和T98A/R321等4个组合的相对效应值最大,均在10.01以上,说明秋香A与新香A和T98A一样,能够配制出产量优势很强的组合,而且,秋香A所配组合还具有全生育期较短、株高较矮、有效穗数较多等优点,故其增产潜力更大,利用前景更广阔。
In order to breed a new CMS line,elite maintaining parents from home and abroad including Jing23B,Xiang 2 B,American rice,,Xiang 5B,Wei20 B were used to conduct multi-hybridization to produce a new maintaining line.Then,a new CMS line named Qiu xiang A with high-quality was developed from testcross and successive backcross with Xin xiang A.Qiu xiang A,Jing23A,Xin xiang A,T98A and their maintaining lines and Ming Hui 63 et al.,six mid-season restorer lines were used to produce 24 combinations and used for materials in this expreinment.The main characteristics and reproductive technology and combining ability of main agronomy characters were studied.Main results are as follows:
1.Qiu xiang A shows a complete and stable male sterility and high outcrossing rate.It shows 100%of sterile plants and pollen sterility includeing 97.76%of typical sterile pollen and 2.24%of rounded shaped sterile pollen and 0%of selfing seed setting,stigma exposed rate of 83.87 percent matching with Jing 23A,10.61 percentage points and 8.22 percentage points higher than Xin xiang A and T98A respectively,bilateral exposed rate slightly lower than Jing23 A and higher than Xin xiang A and T98A,stigma vitality matching T98A and stronger than Jing 23 A and Xin xiang A.It has bigger angle spikelet and flowering a long time.The flowering rate before noon is as high as 73.46 percent.It is quite sensitive to "920" and sprayed about 13 g/667m~2 can be completely to lift its neck package.
2.Qiu xiang A has good agronomic traits and susceptible to rice blast and bacterial leaf blight disease.It is a late maturity type of early season indica rice, sensitive to temperature and resistant to heat,days from seeding to initial heading longer than Jin 23A 7-9d,and the main stem leaves more than Jin 23A 2 leaves.It has about 70 cm of plant height,good plant type,dark green color leaves,no premature senility and strong tiller ability.It has spikelets about 110 per panicle, slender type grains and 25g of 1000-grains weight(Qiu xiang B).Its grains is of high quality and aromatic.The Qiu xiang A graded in the leaf blast resistance of 8 class, the neck blast resistance of 9 class and bacterial leaf blight of 7 class.
3.Qiu xiang A can get a higher yield of propagating and hybrid seeds.After many years of experiments and survey of yield,the outcrossing rate of Qiu xiang A was more than 50 percent generally,and yield of propagating and hybrid seeds about 200 kg/667m~2.
4.Qiu xiang A has good combining ability(including general combining ability and special combining ability)in grain weight per plant and other agronomic traits.To analyze the combining ability xiang A,Jin 23A,Xin xiang A and T98A were crossed with 6 mid-season restorer lines(includeing Ming Hui 63).The results showed that hybrids of Qiu xiang A has positive relative value of GCA in grain weight per plant,1000-grains weight,seed setting rate and panicle number per plant,but negative value in spikelet number per panicle,filled spikelet number per panicle,plant height,panicle length and growth duration.From which,hybrids of Qiu xiang A have more effective panicles,greater1000-grains weight,higher seed setting rate,but less number of spikelets and filled spikelets per panicle,shorter panicle length and plant height and growth duration.It also means hybrids of Qiu xiang A can get greater grain weight per plant and yield potential.From the relative value of SCA,Qiu xiang A/R471、Xin xiang A/R198、Xin xiang A /R388 and T98A/R321 have greater values of SCA(all above 10.01),which means Qiu xiang A can also be used to produce hybrid combinations with strong heterosis,furthermore with shorter plant height and growth duration and more effective panicles.Therefore,hybrid combinations of Qiu xiang A have greater yield potential and broad prospect of utilization.
引文
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