二连盆地白音查干凹陷成烃机理及其对成藏控制作用的研究
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摘要
二连盆地白音查干凹陷为陆相砂砾岩沉积湖盆，钻探发现三套烃源岩和多种成因类型的原油，已建成两个新的油田。但是该凹陷的成烃机理不清，导致对凹陷的油气资源潜力认识不清，制约了该凹陷下一步勘探方向的选择。
论文应用成盆成烃成藏理论新思维，本着实验模拟与数值计算模拟相结合、样品实测分析与反演相结合的原则，将成盆成烃成藏作为一个统一体来研究凹陷的成烃机理，特别通过有限空间生排烃模拟实验和凹陷升降过程的物理场特征分析，研究凹陷的成烃过程，定量计算生排烃量，再认识凹陷的油气资源潜力，明确了成烃特征对油藏分布的控制作用，进一步指出有利的勘探方向。
针对资源量和成藏研究中存在的主要问题，首先利用地层孔隙热压生排烃模拟仪，系统地开展模拟白音查干凹陷烃源岩在地质条件下的生烃与初次排烃实验，研究烃源岩在有限空间加水条件下的生排烃特征。结合盆地模拟技术，建立烃源岩在盆地尺度上的动态生烃量计算模版和生排烃效率的定量评价模式，建立了成熟度与孔隙度、油产率、孔隙空间含油饱和度的关系模版，首次确定了白音查干凹陷有限空间烃源岩生排烃量定量计算模型。
凹陷存在多期不整合，剥蚀量计算一直是沉积盆地研究的难点和关键。为了探讨地层剥蚀对成烃成藏的影响作用，首次在该地区应用天文地层年龄研究方法计算了地层的剥蚀量。采用测井和地层分层数据标定凹陷约40万年的时间和年龄，并与沉积速率、剥蚀量计算方法结合起来，确定凹陷整体上升时期的剥蚀时间、剥蚀速率与剥蚀量，以赛汉塔拉组沉积末的剥蚀时间最长，约5.89Ma，南北两带剥蚀量一般为220-310m。
并利用砂岩回弹模拟实验与理论计算，确定砂岩回弹定量计算模型，通过不同深度段砂岩的回弹体积增加量与有效上覆压力降低量之间的定量关系图版研究，恢复凹陷整体抬升期前后的古压力状态。赛汉塔拉剥蚀期卸载所产生的砂岩回弹量为0.5-12m，其前后古压力差在0.2-3.5MPa之间。
应用有限空间烃源岩生排烃量定量计算模型，计算三套烃源岩的总生油量为61.505×10~8t、排油量为10.315×10~8t，提高了凹陷的油气资源潜力。凹陷赛汉塔拉组沉积期剥蚀前后的古压力差是油气运聚的源动力，目前已发现的油藏均处在古压力差相对高值带。
本文的研究，可为类似盆地（凹陷）的成盆成烃成藏的定量研究提供借鉴，以加深盆地（凹陷）的基础地质研究，为勘探决策和部署提供依据。
Baiyinchagan depression in Erlian basin is a lacustrine sedimentary basin, andthree sets of hydrocarbon source rock and various genetic types of crude oil had beenfound, two new oilfields had already been built in it. But it’s hydrocarbon generationmechanism is not clear, and the potential of hydrocarbon resource is not clear too.This restricted to select it’s next exploration directions severely.
The paper adopted the new thinking on basin evolution and hydrocarbongeneration and accumulation. According to the principle of combining experimentalsimulation with numerical simulation, combining sample testing with inversion, itstudied hydrocarbon generation mechanism of Baiyinchagan depression regarding asa unified body of basin evolution and hydrocarbon generation and accumulation.Especially through the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion simulation experimentin limited space and the analysis of physical field characteristic in basin liftingprocess, the paper studied the hydrocarbon generation and accumulation process andcalculated the quantities of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, and re-recognitedthe potential of hydrocarbon resource, and analysised the control action ofhydrocarbon generation characteristics on the distribution of reservoir, and furtherpointed out favorable exploration directions.
According to the main problems of the study of hydrocarbon resource andaccumulation, first of all, using the formation-pore and hot-pressing hydrocarbongeneration and expulsion simulation instruments, carrying out hydrocarbon generationand first expulsion experiments of source rock samples in simulated geologicalconditions systematically, and studying on hydrocarbon generation and expulsion ofhydrocarbon source rock in the condition of limited space with water. Combining withbasin modeling technology, the paper determined the calculating modules ofhydrocarbon generation and expulsion and the quantitative evaluating mode ofhydrocarbon generation and expulsion efficiency in the basin scale dynamically, anddetermined the models of maturity-porosity, maturity-oil yield, maturity-oil saturationof pore space, and firstly established the quantitatively calculating model ofhydrocarbon generation and expulsion in limited space on the depression.
There are many unconformities in Baiyinchagan depression. Calculating ondenudation thickness is always a difficulty and key problem in sedimentary basin research. In order to investigate the effect of denudation to hydrocarbon generationand accumulation in the area, it calculated the denudation thickness of the depressfirstly adopting the method of astronomical geologic age. Using logging andstratigraphic data to calibrate the date and age of Baiyinchagan depression in about0.4million years, and combining with the calculation methods of deposition rate anddenudation thickness, it determined the erosion time, rate and thickness during thelifting time overall. The erosion time is the longest in the later period of Saihantalaage about5.89million years, and the denudation thickness is between220to310meters in the north and south belts of Baiyinchagan depression.
Using sandstone rebound simulation experiment and theoretical calculation, itdetermined the calculating model of sandstone rebound quantity, and restored state ofthe ancient pressure between before and after denudating during basin lifting overallthrough studying on quantitative relation between the increased amount of sandstonerebound and the reduced amount of effective overburden pressure in different depthon the chart. The sandstone rebound thickness is between0.5and12meters, and theancient pressure difference is between0.2and3.5MPa between before and afterSaihantala denudation period.
Finally applicating the quantitatively calculating model of hydrocarbongeneration and expulsion in finited space, it calculated the total quantity ofhydrocarbon generation of the three sets of hydrocarbon source rock about61.505×10~8t, the total quantity of hydrocarbon expulsion about10.315×10~8t, and thepotential of hydrocarbon resource is increased in Baiyinchagan depression. Theancient pressure difference between before and after the denudation in the later periodof Saihantala age is the power source of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation,and the oil fields having been found locate on the relatively high value zone of ancientpressure difference.
The paper can provide a reference of quantitatively studying on hydrocarbongeneration and accumulation for the similar basins to deepen the petroleum geologicalresearch, and providing a basis for exploration decision-making and deployment.
论文应用成盆成烃成藏理论新思维，本着实验模拟与数值计算模拟相结合、样品实测分析与反演相结合的原则，将成盆成烃成藏作为一个统一体来研究凹陷的成烃机理，特别通过有限空间生排烃模拟实验和凹陷升降过程的物理场特征分析，研究凹陷的成烃过程，定量计算生排烃量，再认识凹陷的油气资源潜力，明确了成烃特征对油藏分布的控制作用，进一步指出有利的勘探方向。
针对资源量和成藏研究中存在的主要问题，首先利用地层孔隙热压生排烃模拟仪，系统地开展模拟白音查干凹陷烃源岩在地质条件下的生烃与初次排烃实验，研究烃源岩在有限空间加水条件下的生排烃特征。结合盆地模拟技术，建立烃源岩在盆地尺度上的动态生烃量计算模版和生排烃效率的定量评价模式，建立了成熟度与孔隙度、油产率、孔隙空间含油饱和度的关系模版，首次确定了白音查干凹陷有限空间烃源岩生排烃量定量计算模型。
凹陷存在多期不整合，剥蚀量计算一直是沉积盆地研究的难点和关键。为了探讨地层剥蚀对成烃成藏的影响作用，首次在该地区应用天文地层年龄研究方法计算了地层的剥蚀量。采用测井和地层分层数据标定凹陷约40万年的时间和年龄，并与沉积速率、剥蚀量计算方法结合起来，确定凹陷整体上升时期的剥蚀时间、剥蚀速率与剥蚀量，以赛汉塔拉组沉积末的剥蚀时间最长，约5.89Ma，南北两带剥蚀量一般为220-310m。
并利用砂岩回弹模拟实验与理论计算，确定砂岩回弹定量计算模型，通过不同深度段砂岩的回弹体积增加量与有效上覆压力降低量之间的定量关系图版研究，恢复凹陷整体抬升期前后的古压力状态。赛汉塔拉剥蚀期卸载所产生的砂岩回弹量为0.5-12m，其前后古压力差在0.2-3.5MPa之间。
应用有限空间烃源岩生排烃量定量计算模型，计算三套烃源岩的总生油量为61.505×10~8t、排油量为10.315×10~8t，提高了凹陷的油气资源潜力。凹陷赛汉塔拉组沉积期剥蚀前后的古压力差是油气运聚的源动力，目前已发现的油藏均处在古压力差相对高值带。
本文的研究，可为类似盆地（凹陷）的成盆成烃成藏的定量研究提供借鉴，以加深盆地（凹陷）的基础地质研究，为勘探决策和部署提供依据。
Baiyinchagan depression in Erlian basin is a lacustrine sedimentary basin, andthree sets of hydrocarbon source rock and various genetic types of crude oil had beenfound, two new oilfields had already been built in it. But it’s hydrocarbon generationmechanism is not clear, and the potential of hydrocarbon resource is not clear too.This restricted to select it’s next exploration directions severely.
The paper adopted the new thinking on basin evolution and hydrocarbongeneration and accumulation. According to the principle of combining experimentalsimulation with numerical simulation, combining sample testing with inversion, itstudied hydrocarbon generation mechanism of Baiyinchagan depression regarding asa unified body of basin evolution and hydrocarbon generation and accumulation.Especially through the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion simulation experimentin limited space and the analysis of physical field characteristic in basin liftingprocess, the paper studied the hydrocarbon generation and accumulation process andcalculated the quantities of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, and re-recognitedthe potential of hydrocarbon resource, and analysised the control action ofhydrocarbon generation characteristics on the distribution of reservoir, and furtherpointed out favorable exploration directions.
According to the main problems of the study of hydrocarbon resource andaccumulation, first of all, using the formation-pore and hot-pressing hydrocarbongeneration and expulsion simulation instruments, carrying out hydrocarbon generationand first expulsion experiments of source rock samples in simulated geologicalconditions systematically, and studying on hydrocarbon generation and expulsion ofhydrocarbon source rock in the condition of limited space with water. Combining withbasin modeling technology, the paper determined the calculating modules ofhydrocarbon generation and expulsion and the quantitative evaluating mode ofhydrocarbon generation and expulsion efficiency in the basin scale dynamically, anddetermined the models of maturity-porosity, maturity-oil yield, maturity-oil saturationof pore space, and firstly established the quantitatively calculating model ofhydrocarbon generation and expulsion in limited space on the depression.
There are many unconformities in Baiyinchagan depression. Calculating ondenudation thickness is always a difficulty and key problem in sedimentary basin research. In order to investigate the effect of denudation to hydrocarbon generationand accumulation in the area, it calculated the denudation thickness of the depressfirstly adopting the method of astronomical geologic age. Using logging andstratigraphic data to calibrate the date and age of Baiyinchagan depression in about0.4million years, and combining with the calculation methods of deposition rate anddenudation thickness, it determined the erosion time, rate and thickness during thelifting time overall. The erosion time is the longest in the later period of Saihantalaage about5.89million years, and the denudation thickness is between220to310meters in the north and south belts of Baiyinchagan depression.
Using sandstone rebound simulation experiment and theoretical calculation, itdetermined the calculating model of sandstone rebound quantity, and restored state ofthe ancient pressure between before and after denudating during basin lifting overallthrough studying on quantitative relation between the increased amount of sandstonerebound and the reduced amount of effective overburden pressure in different depthon the chart. The sandstone rebound thickness is between0.5and12meters, and theancient pressure difference is between0.2and3.5MPa between before and afterSaihantala denudation period.
Finally applicating the quantitatively calculating model of hydrocarbongeneration and expulsion in finited space, it calculated the total quantity ofhydrocarbon generation of the three sets of hydrocarbon source rock about61.505×10~8t, the total quantity of hydrocarbon expulsion about10.315×10~8t, and thepotential of hydrocarbon resource is increased in Baiyinchagan depression. Theancient pressure difference between before and after the denudation in the later periodof Saihantala age is the power source of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation,and the oil fields having been found locate on the relatively high value zone of ancientpressure difference.
The paper can provide a reference of quantitatively studying on hydrocarbongeneration and accumulation for the similar basins to deepen the petroleum geologicalresearch, and providing a basis for exploration decision-making and deployment.
引文
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