黑龙江省大宗农产品物流网络系统研究
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摘要
我国是农业大国,近年来,随着我国居民物质生活水平的不断提高和我国人口数量的持续增长,对农产品的需求也与日俱增,导致农产品供不应求的矛盾日益突显。黑龙江省的农业发展也面临同样问题。黑龙江省自然禀赋良好,农业资源丰富,产量大,商品率高,是我国重要的商品粮生产基地之一。目前黑龙江省农产品行业已进入快速发展阶段。伴随着国家惠农政策的进一步落实,农民减轻了负担,增加了收入,调动了生产积极性,农产品产量逐年增长,黑龙江省农产品的主要矛盾也由过去的生产环节转为流通环节。多年来的重生产轻流通和传统的运输方式使黑龙江省的物流业发展滞后农业发展,黑龙江省的农产品流通效率不高,成本居高不下,严重阻碍了黑龙江省农业发展和农民增收,也使黑龙江省的物流产业发展陷入瓶颈。因此构建农产品现代物流网络系统,为社会提供畅通、安全、便捷、经济的运输通道,保证农产品的有序供给,成为黑龙江省农产品产业发展中紧迫而重要的战略任务。
随着中国加入WTO,农产品的生产和销售受到很大冲击,黑龙江省农产品物流发展处于起步阶段,具有流通成本高、效率低、在运输中浪费严重、交易成本高等问题,也形成了黑龙江省农产品价格高于国际市场价格。黑龙江省农产品品种繁多,如粮食作物、经济作物、畜牧产品、水产品等。且各品种的品质特征差异较大,进入消费市场的渠道呈现多样化的趋势。本文作者将研究对象锁定在大宗农产品(指未经深度加工的初级农产品,包括粮食作物和经济作物,主要是粮食作物)。这是由于大宗农产品在我国农产品总产量中占极大比重(据有关数据显示,我国粮食总产量已超过4000亿千克,每年进入流通领域的商品粮约650亿千克,这是农产品物流的一大对象)。同样,效率低下的黑龙江省大宗农产品流通也成为黑龙江省物流产业发展的巨大障碍。鉴于此,本研究立足黑龙江省具体情况,深入调查研究黑龙江省大宗农产品物流网络系统发展状况,指出目前物流网络系统存在的主要问题,系统分析黑龙江省大宗农产品物流网络系统的内外部环境,借鉴国外大宗农产品产业和物流业发展特点和发展趋势,运用定量分析的方法对黑龙江省大宗农产品物流网络系统运行效率进行综合评价,将物流网络系统技术应用于大宗农产品物流网络系统的构筑,优化了黑龙江省大宗农产品物流网络系统。寻求以物流网络系统为基础推动黑龙江省大宗农产品产业可持续发展的最优模式。
论文从黑龙江省现实出发,运用实证分析的方法,针对黑龙江省大宗农产品物流网络系统的具体情况进行深入研究,在归纳总结黑龙江省大宗农产品物流网络系统发展历程的基础上,深入剖析黑龙江省大宗农产品物流网络系统的发展现状,指出其发展中存在的主要问题：体制弊端的存在、组织保障的缺乏、基础设施的不完善,这些问题将长期影响黑龙江省大宗农产品产业的生存和发展。运用AHP模糊综合评价法、层次分析法对黑龙江省大宗农产品物流网络系统运行效率进行评价,并对评估结果优异的物流企业进行优势分析。针对黑龙江省大宗农产品物流网络系统现存的问题,结合国外大宗农产品物流网络系统发展的先进模式经验,引进第三方物流与第四方物流结合的思想,应用蚁群算法进行物流网络系统设计优化,重点围绕物流网络系统节点城市和物流通道体系,优化黑龙江省大宗农产品物流网络系统。据此从体制、组织和基础设施三方面提出黑龙江省大宗农产品物流网络系统运行的保障措施。为黑龙江省大宗农产品产业和物流产业的发展营造良好环境。
Our country is big agricultural country. Recently, our country residents'material life level rise ceaselessly. The population increases continuously. The demand for agricultural products also grow continuously. Therefore, the supply and requirements of agricultural products have great contradictions. Agricultural development in Heilongjiang province also faces the same problem. The nature of Heilongjiang province is perfect. It has rich agricultural resources, large output and high commodity rate. It is one of our country's important commodity grain bases. At present, Heilongjiang province agricultural products industry has entered a rapid development stage. Along with the national preferential farmer policies fulfil further, farmers reduce the burden, increase income, mobilize the enthusiasm in production, agricultural production increased year by year. The main contradiction of agricultural products in Heilongjiang province has become from the past production to circulation. Heilongjiang province's logistics industry development followed Heilongjiang province agricultural development because of despising production circulation and the traditional mode of transport. Agricultural products circulation in Heilongjiang is low efficiency and high cost. Seriously obstacle the agriculture development of Heilongjiang province and the income of farmers. Heilongjiang province logistics industry development also enters a bottleneck. Therefore the reconstruction of modern agricultural products logistics network system, providing smooth, safe, convenient, economical transportation channel for the community, ensuring the orderly supply of agricultural products, become an important and urgent strategic task in Heilongjiang province agricultural product industry development.
Since accessing to WTO, the produce and sale of agricultural productions meet the violent impact. Heilongjiang province agricultural product logistics development is at the start stage. It has some problems, such as high flowing cost, low efficiency, serious waste in the transport and high transaction cost. And has formed the price of Heilongjiang province agricultural product is higher than the price in the international market. Heilongjiang province has wide variety agricultural products, such as grain crops, economic crops, livestock products and aquatic products. The various products have great difference in their qualities. The channel plays diverse trend when it goes into the consumer market. In this article the author's researching object is primary agricultural products.(Those primary agricultural products not through deep processing, including grain crop and economic crop, mainly grain crop). The reason is primary agricultural products has a significant proportion in agricultural products total output (according to relevant data, our country grain crop total output has already exceeded4000kilogram, each year there are about650kilogram commodity grain into the circulation). So primary agricultural products logistics becomes the huge obstacle in the agricultural industrialization process and the agricultural product circulation industry development. In view of this, the research based on the specific circumstances of Heilongjiang province. Thorough investigate and study logistics network system development situation of Heilongjiang province agricultural products. Points out the main existing problems in logistics network system. Analysis inside and outside environment in logistics network system of Heilongjiang province agricultural products. According to the foreign agricultural products industry and logistics industry development characteristic and development trend, using the method of quantitative analysis on Heilongjiang province agricultural products logistics network system operation efficiency evaluation. The logistics network system technology applied to agricultural products logistics network construction. Reconstruct logistics network system of Heilongjiang province agricultural products. Seeking for an optimal model on promoting Heilongjiang province agricultural products industry sustainable develop which based on logistics network system.
The paper researches from Heilongjiang province reality. On the empirical analysis, deeply research logistics network system of Heilongjiang province agricultural products. In summing up Heilongjiang primary agricultural product logistics network system development process, analysis the present situation of Heilongjiang province agricultural products logistics network system development, pointed out the main problems of the development:institutional drawbacks, the lack of organization guarantee, infrastructure is not perfect. These issues will effect on survival and development of Heilongjiang province agricultural products industry. Application of AHP fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and AHP method to evaluate the operation efficiency on agricultural product logistics network system in Heilongjiang province. And evaluate the advantage on outstanding logistics enterprises. In the light of existing problems of Heilongjiang province agricultural products logistics network, combined with advanced experiences of the foreign primary agricultural products logistics network system development. Introduction of the third party logistics and the fourth party logistics, using the ant colony algorithm for logistics network design optimization, focusing on city logistics nodes of logistics network system and channel system, reconstructing Heilongjiang province primary agricultural products logistics network system. Accordingly, propose the security measures about Heilongjiang province agricultural product logistics network system from three aspects:system, organization and infrastructure. Provide good environment for the development of Heilongjiang province primary agricultural products industry and logistics industry
随着中国加入WTO,农产品的生产和销售受到很大冲击,黑龙江省农产品物流发展处于起步阶段,具有流通成本高、效率低、在运输中浪费严重、交易成本高等问题,也形成了黑龙江省农产品价格高于国际市场价格。黑龙江省农产品品种繁多,如粮食作物、经济作物、畜牧产品、水产品等。且各品种的品质特征差异较大,进入消费市场的渠道呈现多样化的趋势。本文作者将研究对象锁定在大宗农产品(指未经深度加工的初级农产品,包括粮食作物和经济作物,主要是粮食作物)。这是由于大宗农产品在我国农产品总产量中占极大比重(据有关数据显示,我国粮食总产量已超过4000亿千克,每年进入流通领域的商品粮约650亿千克,这是农产品物流的一大对象)。同样,效率低下的黑龙江省大宗农产品流通也成为黑龙江省物流产业发展的巨大障碍。鉴于此,本研究立足黑龙江省具体情况,深入调查研究黑龙江省大宗农产品物流网络系统发展状况,指出目前物流网络系统存在的主要问题,系统分析黑龙江省大宗农产品物流网络系统的内外部环境,借鉴国外大宗农产品产业和物流业发展特点和发展趋势,运用定量分析的方法对黑龙江省大宗农产品物流网络系统运行效率进行综合评价,将物流网络系统技术应用于大宗农产品物流网络系统的构筑,优化了黑龙江省大宗农产品物流网络系统。寻求以物流网络系统为基础推动黑龙江省大宗农产品产业可持续发展的最优模式。
论文从黑龙江省现实出发,运用实证分析的方法,针对黑龙江省大宗农产品物流网络系统的具体情况进行深入研究,在归纳总结黑龙江省大宗农产品物流网络系统发展历程的基础上,深入剖析黑龙江省大宗农产品物流网络系统的发展现状,指出其发展中存在的主要问题：体制弊端的存在、组织保障的缺乏、基础设施的不完善,这些问题将长期影响黑龙江省大宗农产品产业的生存和发展。运用AHP模糊综合评价法、层次分析法对黑龙江省大宗农产品物流网络系统运行效率进行评价,并对评估结果优异的物流企业进行优势分析。针对黑龙江省大宗农产品物流网络系统现存的问题,结合国外大宗农产品物流网络系统发展的先进模式经验,引进第三方物流与第四方物流结合的思想,应用蚁群算法进行物流网络系统设计优化,重点围绕物流网络系统节点城市和物流通道体系,优化黑龙江省大宗农产品物流网络系统。据此从体制、组织和基础设施三方面提出黑龙江省大宗农产品物流网络系统运行的保障措施。为黑龙江省大宗农产品产业和物流产业的发展营造良好环境。
Our country is big agricultural country. Recently, our country residents'material life level rise ceaselessly. The population increases continuously. The demand for agricultural products also grow continuously. Therefore, the supply and requirements of agricultural products have great contradictions. Agricultural development in Heilongjiang province also faces the same problem. The nature of Heilongjiang province is perfect. It has rich agricultural resources, large output and high commodity rate. It is one of our country's important commodity grain bases. At present, Heilongjiang province agricultural products industry has entered a rapid development stage. Along with the national preferential farmer policies fulfil further, farmers reduce the burden, increase income, mobilize the enthusiasm in production, agricultural production increased year by year. The main contradiction of agricultural products in Heilongjiang province has become from the past production to circulation. Heilongjiang province's logistics industry development followed Heilongjiang province agricultural development because of despising production circulation and the traditional mode of transport. Agricultural products circulation in Heilongjiang is low efficiency and high cost. Seriously obstacle the agriculture development of Heilongjiang province and the income of farmers. Heilongjiang province logistics industry development also enters a bottleneck. Therefore the reconstruction of modern agricultural products logistics network system, providing smooth, safe, convenient, economical transportation channel for the community, ensuring the orderly supply of agricultural products, become an important and urgent strategic task in Heilongjiang province agricultural product industry development.
Since accessing to WTO, the produce and sale of agricultural productions meet the violent impact. Heilongjiang province agricultural product logistics development is at the start stage. It has some problems, such as high flowing cost, low efficiency, serious waste in the transport and high transaction cost. And has formed the price of Heilongjiang province agricultural product is higher than the price in the international market. Heilongjiang province has wide variety agricultural products, such as grain crops, economic crops, livestock products and aquatic products. The various products have great difference in their qualities. The channel plays diverse trend when it goes into the consumer market. In this article the author's researching object is primary agricultural products.(Those primary agricultural products not through deep processing, including grain crop and economic crop, mainly grain crop). The reason is primary agricultural products has a significant proportion in agricultural products total output (according to relevant data, our country grain crop total output has already exceeded4000kilogram, each year there are about650kilogram commodity grain into the circulation). So primary agricultural products logistics becomes the huge obstacle in the agricultural industrialization process and the agricultural product circulation industry development. In view of this, the research based on the specific circumstances of Heilongjiang province. Thorough investigate and study logistics network system development situation of Heilongjiang province agricultural products. Points out the main existing problems in logistics network system. Analysis inside and outside environment in logistics network system of Heilongjiang province agricultural products. According to the foreign agricultural products industry and logistics industry development characteristic and development trend, using the method of quantitative analysis on Heilongjiang province agricultural products logistics network system operation efficiency evaluation. The logistics network system technology applied to agricultural products logistics network construction. Reconstruct logistics network system of Heilongjiang province agricultural products. Seeking for an optimal model on promoting Heilongjiang province agricultural products industry sustainable develop which based on logistics network system.
The paper researches from Heilongjiang province reality. On the empirical analysis, deeply research logistics network system of Heilongjiang province agricultural products. In summing up Heilongjiang primary agricultural product logistics network system development process, analysis the present situation of Heilongjiang province agricultural products logistics network system development, pointed out the main problems of the development:institutional drawbacks, the lack of organization guarantee, infrastructure is not perfect. These issues will effect on survival and development of Heilongjiang province agricultural products industry. Application of AHP fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and AHP method to evaluate the operation efficiency on agricultural product logistics network system in Heilongjiang province. And evaluate the advantage on outstanding logistics enterprises. In the light of existing problems of Heilongjiang province agricultural products logistics network, combined with advanced experiences of the foreign primary agricultural products logistics network system development. Introduction of the third party logistics and the fourth party logistics, using the ant colony algorithm for logistics network design optimization, focusing on city logistics nodes of logistics network system and channel system, reconstructing Heilongjiang province primary agricultural products logistics network system. Accordingly, propose the security measures about Heilongjiang province agricultural product logistics network system from three aspects:system, organization and infrastructure. Provide good environment for the development of Heilongjiang province primary agricultural products industry and logistics industry
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