影响我国优秀残疾田径运动员运动水平的主要社会因素分析
摘要
中国的残疾田径运动随着中国竞技体育运动水平的提高而不断迅速发展，尽管
我国残疾人体育运动起步较晚，但由于党和国家的重视，已多次参加了国际残疾人
体育比赛并取得了较好成绩。1984年，我国有24名运动员参加了第七届世界伤残人
奥运会，共获奖牌24枚，其中金牌2枚，有9人次打破世界纪录。1988年，我国参
加了第八届世界伤残人奥运会，共获金牌17枚，11人次打破世界纪录，1992年，
我国参加第九届世界伤残人奥运会，共获金牌11枚，14人次破世界纪录，21人次
破奥运会纪录。1996年，第十届亚特兰大残奥会上我国获金牌16枚，10人16次破
11项世界纪录，而大多数参赛及获奖牌的运动员是田径运动员。我国残疾田径运动
在世界大赛上取得的优异成绩，使我国残疾田径运动跻身于世界先进行列，在世界
上具有重要的位置。
我国残疾人体育管理机构的建立和相关理论的研究相对较晚，1983年成立中国
残疾人体协，而后相继加入国际伤残人奥委会、国际特奥会等八个国际残疾人体育
组织，并与一些国家和地区的残疾人体育协会建立了联系。随着社会经济的发展与
社会文明的不断进步，残疾人体育已成为现代社会衡量一个国家体育发展和社会文
明发达程度的标志之一。虽然，残疾人体育已日益引起世界各国的重视，但在各方
面都无法与健全人的体育相比，尤其是运动训练方面的理论几乎处于空白状态，残
疾人田径运动方面的理论，国外不多见，国内更是空白，我国残疾田径运动的快速
发展,急切地呼唤相关理论的丰富与完善。
为了总结出影响我国优秀残疾田径运动员运动水平的主要社会因素及存在的问
题，同时为促进我国残疾人田径运动的发展，并为残疾人田径运动的理论研究提供
可靠的依据，本文就对参加第十一届残奥会的田径运动员的调查结果进行了研究分
析。
本文采用文献资料研究法，问卷调查法，数理统计法。得出如下结论：
对专家调查结果分析可知，影响我国优秀残疾田径运动员运动水平的主要社会因素
是:训练条件因素和国家政策、政府投入因素；从运动员调查分析可知，影响我国
优秀残疾田径运动员运动水平的主要因素是：参加田径训练情况、个人经济条件、
家庭环境条件、个人生活习惯、个人身体状况和个人社会特征。
China Handicapped Track & Fields activity is continuously developing with the improvement of China athletics sports, although our handicapped sports had a late beginning, due to the attention of our Communist Party and our Country, our handicapped athletics have participated in many competitions and gained a lot of good score. In 1984, there were 24 China handicapped athletics attending the 7th world handicapped Olympic Games, they gained 24 medals, including 2 golden medals, 9 persons who broke the world record; In 1988, we participated in the 8th world handicapped Olympic Games and gained 17 golden medals with 11 person-times who broke the world record; In 1992, in the 9th world Handicapped Olympic Games, we captured 11 golden medals , with 14 person-times who broke the world record, 21 Person-time who broke record of handicapped Olympic Games; later in 1996 the 10th world Handicapped Olympic Games in Atlantic, we gained 16 golden medals ,with 10 athletics broke 11 world records for 16 times. Most of the p
articipants who got medals were majored in Track & Fields. The excellent result that our handicapped athletics achieved in large world competition put our handicapped Track & Fields in the top ranks of the whole world, leading a very important role in the world.
However, the setup of our management organizations for handicapped sports activity and the comparative theories is relatively late. China Handicapped Sports Association was founded in 1983, later on, we joined eight international handicapped sports organizations such as "International Handicapped Olympic Games Commission" ,etc. and also built up relations with handicapped sports organizations in some countries and areas. With the development of social economy and social culture, handicapped sports has attracted more and more attention in different countries all over the world, but it still can not be compared with sports of health person, especially it is almost blank in theories of sports training,. Theories of handicapped Track & Fields are not popular in foreign countries, it is nearly blank in China, the rapid development of handicapped Track & Fields in our country is calling for the enrichment and perfection of comparable theories. In order to summarize the main social elements which affect sport level
of China excellent handicapped Track & Fields athletics and existing problem, and in order to push the development of handicapped Track & Fields in our country, provide stable foundation of study of handicapped Track & Fields, this article give some analysis and study on the outcome of the study on the Track & Fields candidates who participated in the 11th world handicapped Olympic Games.
The article take documents study, questionnaire, mathematics statistics, draw the following conclusions:
-From the analysis of the outcome of specialist survey, the main social elements which affect sport level of China excellent handicapped Track & Fields athletics are : training condition elements and country policies, government involvement;
-From the survey of athletics, the main elements which affect sports level of our excellent handicapped track & fields athletics are draining exercise status, personal economic status , family status, personal lifestyle, health condition and social status.
我国残疾人体育运动起步较晚，但由于党和国家的重视，已多次参加了国际残疾人
体育比赛并取得了较好成绩。1984年，我国有24名运动员参加了第七届世界伤残人
奥运会，共获奖牌24枚，其中金牌2枚，有9人次打破世界纪录。1988年，我国参
加了第八届世界伤残人奥运会，共获金牌17枚，11人次打破世界纪录，1992年，
我国参加第九届世界伤残人奥运会，共获金牌11枚，14人次破世界纪录，21人次
破奥运会纪录。1996年，第十届亚特兰大残奥会上我国获金牌16枚，10人16次破
11项世界纪录，而大多数参赛及获奖牌的运动员是田径运动员。我国残疾田径运动
在世界大赛上取得的优异成绩，使我国残疾田径运动跻身于世界先进行列，在世界
上具有重要的位置。
我国残疾人体育管理机构的建立和相关理论的研究相对较晚，1983年成立中国
残疾人体协，而后相继加入国际伤残人奥委会、国际特奥会等八个国际残疾人体育
组织，并与一些国家和地区的残疾人体育协会建立了联系。随着社会经济的发展与
社会文明的不断进步，残疾人体育已成为现代社会衡量一个国家体育发展和社会文
明发达程度的标志之一。虽然，残疾人体育已日益引起世界各国的重视，但在各方
面都无法与健全人的体育相比，尤其是运动训练方面的理论几乎处于空白状态，残
疾人田径运动方面的理论，国外不多见，国内更是空白，我国残疾田径运动的快速
发展,急切地呼唤相关理论的丰富与完善。
为了总结出影响我国优秀残疾田径运动员运动水平的主要社会因素及存在的问
题，同时为促进我国残疾人田径运动的发展，并为残疾人田径运动的理论研究提供
可靠的依据，本文就对参加第十一届残奥会的田径运动员的调查结果进行了研究分
析。
本文采用文献资料研究法，问卷调查法，数理统计法。得出如下结论：
对专家调查结果分析可知，影响我国优秀残疾田径运动员运动水平的主要社会因素
是:训练条件因素和国家政策、政府投入因素；从运动员调查分析可知，影响我国
优秀残疾田径运动员运动水平的主要因素是：参加田径训练情况、个人经济条件、
家庭环境条件、个人生活习惯、个人身体状况和个人社会特征。
China Handicapped Track & Fields activity is continuously developing with the improvement of China athletics sports, although our handicapped sports had a late beginning, due to the attention of our Communist Party and our Country, our handicapped athletics have participated in many competitions and gained a lot of good score. In 1984, there were 24 China handicapped athletics attending the 7th world handicapped Olympic Games, they gained 24 medals, including 2 golden medals, 9 persons who broke the world record; In 1988, we participated in the 8th world handicapped Olympic Games and gained 17 golden medals with 11 person-times who broke the world record; In 1992, in the 9th world Handicapped Olympic Games, we captured 11 golden medals , with 14 person-times who broke the world record, 21 Person-time who broke record of handicapped Olympic Games; later in 1996 the 10th world Handicapped Olympic Games in Atlantic, we gained 16 golden medals ,with 10 athletics broke 11 world records for 16 times. Most of the p
articipants who got medals were majored in Track & Fields. The excellent result that our handicapped athletics achieved in large world competition put our handicapped Track & Fields in the top ranks of the whole world, leading a very important role in the world.
However, the setup of our management organizations for handicapped sports activity and the comparative theories is relatively late. China Handicapped Sports Association was founded in 1983, later on, we joined eight international handicapped sports organizations such as "International Handicapped Olympic Games Commission" ,etc. and also built up relations with handicapped sports organizations in some countries and areas. With the development of social economy and social culture, handicapped sports has attracted more and more attention in different countries all over the world, but it still can not be compared with sports of health person, especially it is almost blank in theories of sports training,. Theories of handicapped Track & Fields are not popular in foreign countries, it is nearly blank in China, the rapid development of handicapped Track & Fields in our country is calling for the enrichment and perfection of comparable theories. In order to summarize the main social elements which affect sport level
of China excellent handicapped Track & Fields athletics and existing problem, and in order to push the development of handicapped Track & Fields in our country, provide stable foundation of study of handicapped Track & Fields, this article give some analysis and study on the outcome of the study on the Track & Fields candidates who participated in the 11th world handicapped Olympic Games.
The article take documents study, questionnaire, mathematics statistics, draw the following conclusions:
-From the analysis of the outcome of specialist survey, the main social elements which affect sport level of China excellent handicapped Track & Fields athletics are : training condition elements and country policies, government involvement;
-From the survey of athletics, the main elements which affect sports level of our excellent handicapped track & fields athletics are draining exercise status, personal economic status , family status, personal lifestyle, health condition and social status.
引文
(1) 《残疾人体育》 刘绍曾编著 北京体育大学出版社出版
(2) 《残疾人保障法系列讲座》 中国残疾人联合会发展部编
(3) 《开展我国残疾人体育影响因素的研究》彭悦龙、罗志克著《广 州体育学院学报》1993年，第三期
(4) 《中国群众体育现状调查与研究》 北京体育大学出版社出版
(5) 《钱疾人体育指南》 赵锡安 向阳主编 华夏出版社
(6) 《运动训练学》 人民体育出版社
(7) 《实用体育统计》 祁国鹰 徐明 张明立编著 北京体育
(2) 《残疾人保障法系列讲座》 中国残疾人联合会发展部编
(3) 《开展我国残疾人体育影响因素的研究》彭悦龙、罗志克著《广 州体育学院学报》1993年，第三期
(4) 《中国群众体育现状调查与研究》 北京体育大学出版社出版
(5) 《钱疾人体育指南》 赵锡安 向阳主编 华夏出版社
(6) 《运动训练学》 人民体育出版社
(7) 《实用体育统计》 祁国鹰 徐明 张明立编著 北京体育