狗牙根草坪草制种田杂草防除研究
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摘要
在新疆狗牙根草种生产过程中,杂草影响草种产量及品质,为了防治杂草,本试验以新疆狗牙根制种田中杂草为研究对象,在明确杂草组成及杂草发生规律、确定主要杂草、掌握其生物学特性的基础上,在杂草较严重的地段进行了化学防除的研究,研究结果如下:
(1)试验地内杂草种类达17科61种,主要杂草有狗尾草、稗、反枝苋、苦苣菜、野西瓜苗、灰藜、顶羽菊、田旋花,其发生频度较高,达50%以上,且数量很多,达4.25株/㎡以上,具重度危害。
(2)春季杂草主要有涩芥、田旋花、顶羽菊、小蓟、冷蒿、独行菜等,发生高峰期在4月中下旬;夏季杂草主要有狗尾草、稗、反枝苋、苦苣菜、野西瓜苗、灰藜等,发生高峰期在5月中下旬。
(3)土壤种子库杂草种类主要有灰藜、野西瓜苗、狗尾草、稗、反枝苋、田旋花和扁蓄等,均主要分布在0～10cm的土层内,杂草种子量达9180.83粒/m2,上中下三层杂草种子总发芽率均在20%以下,总活力在50%左右。
(4)土壤处理除草剂应选择在4月10日左右和5月20日左右用乙草胺2.7kg/hm2喷施2遍,对一年生杂草防效高达90%以上;对阔叶杂草茎叶处理可喷施2,4-D丁酯、2甲4氯钠,有很好的防除效果,基本能将其完全杀死,最佳用量分别为2.7kg/hm2、5.25kg/hm2;对禾本科杂草狗尾草和稗喷施高效盖草能1.2kg/hm2,防效分别为80%和80.65%。
(5)喷药后20-40天播种狗牙根,萌前土壤处理除草剂将对狗牙根的生长发育不构成危害。土壤处理除草剂氟乐灵、乙草胺、金都尔和阔叶杂草茎叶处理除草剂2,4-D丁酯、2甲4氯钠对已成坪狗牙根不构成危害,而高效盖草能、金草克可构成危害。
Weeds seriously affected the yield and quality of Xinjiang Bermudagrass in the seed production course. In order to control weeds, we investigated the weed species and weed occurrence law, confirmed primary weed and mastered its biology characteristics, and study on the chemical control effects of weeds in the seed field of Xinjiang bermudagrass, where was seriously affected by weeds. The results as follows:
(1) There were 61 species 17 families weeds in the Seed field of Xinjiang Bermudagrass, the primary weed were Setaria viridis, Echinochloa crusgalli, Amaranthus retroflexus, Sonchus brachyotus, Hibiscus trionum, Chenopodium album, Acroptilon repens and Convolvulus arvensis, each of their frequency was more than 50% and density beyond 4.25 unit/m2. They severely had an effect on growth, seed-yield and seed-quality of Bermudagrass.
(2) Malcolmia Africana, Convolvulus arvensis, Acroptilon repens, Cephalanoplos segetum, Artemisia frigida, Lepidium apetapum, et al were primary weed in spring, which arrived the fastigium in middle-late of April; Setaria viridis, Echinochloa crusgalli, Amaranthus retroflexus, Sonchus brachyotus, Hibiscus trionum, Chenopodium album et al were primary weed in summer, which arrived the fastigium in middle-late of May.
(3) Chenopodium album, Hibiscus trionum, Setaria viridis, Echinochloa crusgalli, Amaranthus retroflexus, Convolvulus arvensis, Polygonum aviculare et al were the primary weed in soil seed bank, which mainly distributed in 0-10cm depth soil. The total amount seed of soil weeds was 9180.83 individual plants pers square meter, and the weed seed total germination of every layer soil were under 20%, total energy were about 50%.
(4) The fit herbicides of soil treatment was acetochlor 2.7kg/hm2 whose controlling effect on the annual weeds could reach more than 90% ,and using it on 10th April and 20th May. The fit herbicides for broad-leaf weed was 2,4-D bufylate and MCPA-Na which completely killed the broad-leaf weed, the optimal using amount was 2.7kg/hm2 and 5.25kg/hm2 separately. The fit herbicides for bristlegrass and barnyardgrass was 1.2kg/hm2 fluazifop-p-butyl, whose controlling effect were 80% and 80.65% separately.
(5) Pre-emergency herbicides of soil treatment had no effect on the growth of Bermudagrass, when they was spread 20-40 day before planting Bermudagrass. Pre-emergency herbicides(trifluralin, acetochlor and Dulegold) and Post-emergence herbicides(2,4-D bufylate and MCPA- Na) had not harmed on established Bermudagrass lawn, but fluazifop-p-butyl and Jinchaoke had.
(1)试验地内杂草种类达17科61种,主要杂草有狗尾草、稗、反枝苋、苦苣菜、野西瓜苗、灰藜、顶羽菊、田旋花,其发生频度较高,达50%以上,且数量很多,达4.25株/㎡以上,具重度危害。
(2)春季杂草主要有涩芥、田旋花、顶羽菊、小蓟、冷蒿、独行菜等,发生高峰期在4月中下旬;夏季杂草主要有狗尾草、稗、反枝苋、苦苣菜、野西瓜苗、灰藜等,发生高峰期在5月中下旬。
(3)土壤种子库杂草种类主要有灰藜、野西瓜苗、狗尾草、稗、反枝苋、田旋花和扁蓄等,均主要分布在0～10cm的土层内,杂草种子量达9180.83粒/m2,上中下三层杂草种子总发芽率均在20%以下,总活力在50%左右。
(4)土壤处理除草剂应选择在4月10日左右和5月20日左右用乙草胺2.7kg/hm2喷施2遍,对一年生杂草防效高达90%以上;对阔叶杂草茎叶处理可喷施2,4-D丁酯、2甲4氯钠,有很好的防除效果,基本能将其完全杀死,最佳用量分别为2.7kg/hm2、5.25kg/hm2;对禾本科杂草狗尾草和稗喷施高效盖草能1.2kg/hm2,防效分别为80%和80.65%。
(5)喷药后20-40天播种狗牙根,萌前土壤处理除草剂将对狗牙根的生长发育不构成危害。土壤处理除草剂氟乐灵、乙草胺、金都尔和阔叶杂草茎叶处理除草剂2,4-D丁酯、2甲4氯钠对已成坪狗牙根不构成危害,而高效盖草能、金草克可构成危害。
Weeds seriously affected the yield and quality of Xinjiang Bermudagrass in the seed production course. In order to control weeds, we investigated the weed species and weed occurrence law, confirmed primary weed and mastered its biology characteristics, and study on the chemical control effects of weeds in the seed field of Xinjiang bermudagrass, where was seriously affected by weeds. The results as follows:
(1) There were 61 species 17 families weeds in the Seed field of Xinjiang Bermudagrass, the primary weed were Setaria viridis, Echinochloa crusgalli, Amaranthus retroflexus, Sonchus brachyotus, Hibiscus trionum, Chenopodium album, Acroptilon repens and Convolvulus arvensis, each of their frequency was more than 50% and density beyond 4.25 unit/m2. They severely had an effect on growth, seed-yield and seed-quality of Bermudagrass.
(2) Malcolmia Africana, Convolvulus arvensis, Acroptilon repens, Cephalanoplos segetum, Artemisia frigida, Lepidium apetapum, et al were primary weed in spring, which arrived the fastigium in middle-late of April; Setaria viridis, Echinochloa crusgalli, Amaranthus retroflexus, Sonchus brachyotus, Hibiscus trionum, Chenopodium album et al were primary weed in summer, which arrived the fastigium in middle-late of May.
(3) Chenopodium album, Hibiscus trionum, Setaria viridis, Echinochloa crusgalli, Amaranthus retroflexus, Convolvulus arvensis, Polygonum aviculare et al were the primary weed in soil seed bank, which mainly distributed in 0-10cm depth soil. The total amount seed of soil weeds was 9180.83 individual plants pers square meter, and the weed seed total germination of every layer soil were under 20%, total energy were about 50%.
(4) The fit herbicides of soil treatment was acetochlor 2.7kg/hm2 whose controlling effect on the annual weeds could reach more than 90% ,and using it on 10th April and 20th May. The fit herbicides for broad-leaf weed was 2,4-D bufylate and MCPA-Na which completely killed the broad-leaf weed, the optimal using amount was 2.7kg/hm2 and 5.25kg/hm2 separately. The fit herbicides for bristlegrass and barnyardgrass was 1.2kg/hm2 fluazifop-p-butyl, whose controlling effect were 80% and 80.65% separately.
(5) Pre-emergency herbicides of soil treatment had no effect on the growth of Bermudagrass, when they was spread 20-40 day before planting Bermudagrass. Pre-emergency herbicides(trifluralin, acetochlor and Dulegold) and Post-emergence herbicides(2,4-D bufylate and MCPA- Na) had not harmed on established Bermudagrass lawn, but fluazifop-p-butyl and Jinchaoke had.
引文
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