开放型ERP的应用与研究
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摘要
随着我国经济全球化的发展，我国的制造业将面临更加激烈的市场竞争，推动企业信息化已经成为制造业生存和发展的必由之路。在我国制造业中，中小型企业数量众多，管理模式灵活多变。这些企业要提高自己的经济效益，最有效的方法是实施企业资源计划(Enterprise Resources Plalming，简称ERP)，借助ERP进行业务流程重组，引进先进的管理方法和手段，进行企业变革，提高企业管理水平，把技术进步和建立现代化管理紧密结合起来，从而使企业在日益复杂和激烈竞争的市场中获得竞争优势。
对众多的中小型企业来说，通用型ERP很难满足每个企业需求，大部分功能可能是用不到的，而真正需要的功能却还没有被开发出来。定制型ERP是企业根据自身需求而开发的，与企业结合度高，但是开发费用比较高、升级比较困难。开放型ERP，就是已经搭架了完整ERP的体系结构，并且提供二次开发平台，开放前台源代码，企业可以根据自身情况，通过开发平台和更改原代码来进行二次开发，完善ERP系统。对于企业来说，利用开放型ERP来进行二次开发和实施，开发风险低、周期比较短，费用比较低，而且与企业的结合度比较高，能够真正满足企业的实际需要。
中小型企业规模小，资源不足，抗风险能力弱；但是其优势是灵活，转向容易，根据这些特点并结合三种ERP的发展趋势，以开放型ERP在河南华晶超硬材料有限公司具体应用为研究对象，通过河南华晶超硬材料有限公司企业资源计划系统(简称：HJ-ERP)的设计与实现，分析和研究了开放型ERP的设计方法和实施步骤，并对关键技术进行了详细研究。本文所研究的内容主要包括：
1、通过对河南华晶超硬材料有限公司实际需求和自身特点的分析，结合中小型企业的特点和ERP软件的发展趋势，本着投入少，风险小，实用性好，使企业容易接受的原则进行HJ-ERP系统选型。
2、根据企业需求和开发周期等实际情况，结合平台现有功能，对HJ-ERP进行了总体设计，整个系统划分为采购、销售、库存、生产、计划、能力、成本、设备、质量、财务、应收、应付、人事、经理查询、报表十五个功能模块。
3、根据所选用的系统平台和HJ-ERP总体结构，设计了各个分系统及模块之间的数据流向及详细功能设计。
4、重点介绍了物流系统的设计和实现，研究了企业建模方法、工作整合方法。对业务流程设计和签核流程设计等系统整合方法进行了研究，并介绍了实现后系统具有的功能。
5、根据HJ-ERP的开发和实施经验，总结出实施中小企业ERP项目一些值得借鉴的经验。
With the development of economic globalization in our country, the manufacturing industry of our country will face fiercer market competition. Promoting enterprise's informationzation has become the necessary way which makes the manufacturing industry survivorship and development. In the manufacturing industry of our country, the number of small and medium-sized enterprise is numerous, and the management mode is flexible and changeable. If they want to enhance their own economic benefits, the most effective method is to implement Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP). With the help of ERP, business procedure can be reorganized and enterprise management level can be improved by enterprise innovation with introducing advance management methods. Combining the modernized management with advancement of the technological progress together closely, enterprise can obtain advantage in the market competition which is more complicated and competitive.
For many small and medium -scale enterprises, common ERP system can hardly satisfy every enterprise's need. A large part of functions is useless and the indeed necessary functions are not developed. Customized ERP is developed according to enterprise's need, and its degree combined with enterprise is high, but the developing cost is much higher and it is difficult to update. Opening ERP has established the intact system. It provides secondary-developing platform and opens source code of front platform, so enterprises can make the secondary development and perfect ERP system by develop platform and modifying source code according to their own situation. For enterprises, the use of opening ERP can low the developing risk ,short the period and low the cost ,at the same time can high the combining degree with the enterprise, so it can satisfy the practical need.
The small and medium-size enterprise is small in scale, resources are insufficient, and the ability to resisting risk is weak. But its advantages are flexible and changing direction easily. In accordance with these characteristics, combing the development of three types of ERP, the design methods and steps are analyzed and researched, especially the key techniques through designing and realizing the ERP of Sino Crystal Superhard Materials Co . , Ltd(HJ-ERP) are introduced. In this paper, the parts are as follow:
1. HJ-ERP system is selected according to the principle of lower investment, lower risk, finer practicability and easier acceptance for enterprise by analyzing practical need and its own characteristics of HUAJING and combining the performance of small and
medium -scale enterprises with the trend of ERP software.
2. HJ-ERP is designed completely in accordance with the need and development
period of enterprise and the functions of platform. The system is comprised of
purchase, sale, stock, production, plan, ability, cost, equipment, quality, financial affairs, accounts payable, accounts receivable, the personnel, manager's query, and report
forms.
3. Every subsystem, data flow among modules, and detailed functions are designed
according to the selected platform and the overall construction of HJ-ERP.
4. The design and implement of material flow is introduced especially. The methods of enterprise modeling and workflow integration are researched. This paper also researched the integrating methods such as the design of business procedure and the underwrite procedure. Some functions which can realize after the system is actualized are also introduced.
5. Some experience which are useful for small and medium-size enterprises to bring into effect ERP project are concluded from the implement of HJ-ERP project.
对众多的中小型企业来说，通用型ERP很难满足每个企业需求，大部分功能可能是用不到的，而真正需要的功能却还没有被开发出来。定制型ERP是企业根据自身需求而开发的，与企业结合度高，但是开发费用比较高、升级比较困难。开放型ERP，就是已经搭架了完整ERP的体系结构，并且提供二次开发平台，开放前台源代码，企业可以根据自身情况，通过开发平台和更改原代码来进行二次开发，完善ERP系统。对于企业来说，利用开放型ERP来进行二次开发和实施，开发风险低、周期比较短，费用比较低，而且与企业的结合度比较高，能够真正满足企业的实际需要。
中小型企业规模小，资源不足，抗风险能力弱；但是其优势是灵活，转向容易，根据这些特点并结合三种ERP的发展趋势，以开放型ERP在河南华晶超硬材料有限公司具体应用为研究对象，通过河南华晶超硬材料有限公司企业资源计划系统(简称：HJ-ERP)的设计与实现，分析和研究了开放型ERP的设计方法和实施步骤，并对关键技术进行了详细研究。本文所研究的内容主要包括：
1、通过对河南华晶超硬材料有限公司实际需求和自身特点的分析，结合中小型企业的特点和ERP软件的发展趋势，本着投入少，风险小，实用性好，使企业容易接受的原则进行HJ-ERP系统选型。
2、根据企业需求和开发周期等实际情况，结合平台现有功能，对HJ-ERP进行了总体设计，整个系统划分为采购、销售、库存、生产、计划、能力、成本、设备、质量、财务、应收、应付、人事、经理查询、报表十五个功能模块。
3、根据所选用的系统平台和HJ-ERP总体结构，设计了各个分系统及模块之间的数据流向及详细功能设计。
4、重点介绍了物流系统的设计和实现，研究了企业建模方法、工作整合方法。对业务流程设计和签核流程设计等系统整合方法进行了研究，并介绍了实现后系统具有的功能。
5、根据HJ-ERP的开发和实施经验，总结出实施中小企业ERP项目一些值得借鉴的经验。
With the development of economic globalization in our country, the manufacturing industry of our country will face fiercer market competition. Promoting enterprise's informationzation has become the necessary way which makes the manufacturing industry survivorship and development. In the manufacturing industry of our country, the number of small and medium-sized enterprise is numerous, and the management mode is flexible and changeable. If they want to enhance their own economic benefits, the most effective method is to implement Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP). With the help of ERP, business procedure can be reorganized and enterprise management level can be improved by enterprise innovation with introducing advance management methods. Combining the modernized management with advancement of the technological progress together closely, enterprise can obtain advantage in the market competition which is more complicated and competitive.
For many small and medium -scale enterprises, common ERP system can hardly satisfy every enterprise's need. A large part of functions is useless and the indeed necessary functions are not developed. Customized ERP is developed according to enterprise's need, and its degree combined with enterprise is high, but the developing cost is much higher and it is difficult to update. Opening ERP has established the intact system. It provides secondary-developing platform and opens source code of front platform, so enterprises can make the secondary development and perfect ERP system by develop platform and modifying source code according to their own situation. For enterprises, the use of opening ERP can low the developing risk ,short the period and low the cost ,at the same time can high the combining degree with the enterprise, so it can satisfy the practical need.
The small and medium-size enterprise is small in scale, resources are insufficient, and the ability to resisting risk is weak. But its advantages are flexible and changing direction easily. In accordance with these characteristics, combing the development of three types of ERP, the design methods and steps are analyzed and researched, especially the key techniques through designing and realizing the ERP of Sino Crystal Superhard Materials Co . , Ltd(HJ-ERP) are introduced. In this paper, the parts are as follow:
1. HJ-ERP system is selected according to the principle of lower investment, lower risk, finer practicability and easier acceptance for enterprise by analyzing practical need and its own characteristics of HUAJING and combining the performance of small and
medium -scale enterprises with the trend of ERP software.
2. HJ-ERP is designed completely in accordance with the need and development
period of enterprise and the functions of platform. The system is comprised of
purchase, sale, stock, production, plan, ability, cost, equipment, quality, financial affairs, accounts payable, accounts receivable, the personnel, manager's query, and report
forms.
3. Every subsystem, data flow among modules, and detailed functions are designed
according to the selected platform and the overall construction of HJ-ERP.
4. The design and implement of material flow is introduced especially. The methods of enterprise modeling and workflow integration are researched. This paper also researched the integrating methods such as the design of business procedure and the underwrite procedure. Some functions which can realize after the system is actualized are also introduced.
5. Some experience which are useful for small and medium-size enterprises to bring into effect ERP project are concluded from the implement of HJ-ERP project.
引文
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[2]李嘉平，翁锦萍．《大型ERP实施全接触》[M]．北京：电子工业出版社．2004
[3]罗鸿．《ERP原理．设计．实施》[M]．北京：电子工业出版社．2002
[4]罗鸿．《ERP实施全程指南》[M]．北京：电子工业出版社．2003
[5]汪国章．《ERP原理、实施与案例》[M]．北京：电子工业出版社．2003
[6]陈庄．《ERP原理与应用教程》[M]．北京：电子工业出版社．2003
[7]张毅．《企业资源计划(ERP)》[M]．北京：电子工业出版社．2001
[8]张文．《ERP、CRY企业实施案例》[M]．北京：清华大学出版社．2003
[9]张毅．《制造资源计划MRP-Ⅱ及其应用》[M]．北京：清华大学出版社．2000
[10]黄敬仁．《系统分析》[M]．北京：清华大学出版社．2002
[11]程控，革扬．(MRP-Ⅱ／ERP原理与应用》[M]．北京：清华大学出版社．2003
[12]彭东．(SQL Server 2000应用开发技术指南》[M]．北京：清华大学出版社．2001
[13][美]丹尼尔．奥利瑞．(ERP实施指南—系统、生命周期、电子商务与风险》[M]．北京：人民邮电出版社．2003
[14]王东迪．《ERP原理、应用与实践》[M]．北京：人民邮电出版社．2002
[15]刘京梅，李芳芸．《863／CIMS应用工厂实例汇编》[M]．北京：机械工业出版社．1999
[16]陈启中．《供应链管理与企业资源计划(ERP)》[M]．北京：企业管理出版社．2001
[17]李香敏，徐进，姜世锋．(SQL Server 2000 Programmer’s Guide编程员指南》[M]．北京：北京希望电子出版社．2000
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