基于知识管理的建筑设计企业项目管理研究
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摘要
知识管理和项目管理是管理学界两大热门研究领域,无论在知识管理方面,还是在项目管理方面都有大量的研究和丰富的文献。但将两者结合在一起,即研究项目管理中的知识管理问题还不是很多,尤其是对建筑设计项目知识管理的研究更是寥寥无几。本文针对建筑设计企业实施项目知识管理的趋势,在分析项目管理和知识管理相互融合的趋势、中外建筑设计企业发展状况以及知识管理在建筑设计企业项目管理中应用现状等问题的基础上,构建了建筑设计项目知识管理体系,分析了建筑设计项目知识企业知识管理的支撑系统,提出建筑设计企业知识管理绩效评价方法与指标体系,并以天津大学建筑设计研究院为实证进行研究,对其知识管理绩效进行评价,提出改进方向,实现知识管理绩效的持续改进。本研究既是将项目管理和知识管理相结合的理论研究,又为建筑设计企业提高管理效率和质量提供了理论支持。本文主要内容简单概括为:
一、在对本文的研究背景、研究意义和对相关文献进行阐述和梳理的基础上,指出以往研究的不足之处和需改进的方向,提出要将项目管理和知识管理相互融合的时代要求;
二、文章分析了项目管理和知识管理相互融合的现状和趋势,对中外建筑设计企业发展状况进行了比较分析,重点构建了建筑设计项目知识管理体系和支撑保障系统;
三、在知识管理绩效评价理论和方法的指导下,提出建筑设计企业知识管理绩效评价方法与指标体系,并以高校建筑设计研究院为例,对其知识管理绩效进行评价,提出改进方向,实现知识管理绩效的持续改进。
本文创新点主要体现在以下三点:
第一,建筑设计企业是典型的项目型企业,大多数设计企业已经意识到项目管理在企业战略理论中的重大意义,并从设计项目流程中知识运作和管理的视角来改进建筑设计企业的项目管理,以带动企业战略实施。本文在梳理和分析了项目管理和知识管理相互融合的相关文献的基础上,构建了建筑设计项目知识管理体系,确定企业获得价值增值和和核心竞争力的重要途径,即将知识管理与业务流程相结合,确定建筑设计项目各阶段的知识管理内容、知识运作状态、知识的螺旋上升状况,运用知识共享与知识发酵等方法,为建筑设计项目进行知识管理提供系统性的指导。
第二,尽管我国建筑设计企业已经意识到知识管理的重要性,但是企业员工对知识管理的认可度低,信息化层次和使用效率低,这就决定建筑设计项目的知识管理起点低。必须搭建一个切合实际、稳定可行的支撑保障系统来确保建筑设计项目知识管理系统的运行。本文选取组织结构、企业文化、激励制度、风险管理、技术工具等方面作为建筑设计项目知识管理支撑保障体系的重点要素进行分析。通过组织结构和企业文化的知识型改进,促使员工接纳知识管理理念,选择适合企业现状并且能够承担的知识管理技术工具。通过有效的激励制度鼓励员工自觉参与到知识管理的过程,实现知识的显化、积累、存储、共享、交流、应用和创新,为建筑设计项目知识管理提供良好的运行平台。
第三、现有的关于建筑设计企业的实证研究多是研究发展战略问题。建筑设计企业强调以设计为中心,客观地要求对设计项目进行知识管理以提高企业绩效。本文以高校建筑设计企业为研究对象,进行建筑设计企业知识管理的实证研究。根据建筑设计企业知识管理的信息技术支持、组织支持、文化支持、知识获取、知识共享、知识运用和知识保护等七个层次,建立建筑设计企业知识管理能力评价指标,使用模糊德尔菲法对知识管理能力评价指标进行筛选,引入模糊层次分析法对该企业的知识管理绩效进行评价,提出改进方案,以实现知识管理绩效的持续改进。实践上具有探索性和可操作性,为建筑设计企业提高管理绩效提供了实证资料。
Knowledge management and project management which are two noticeable research fields in management science have abundant research achievements in recent years. Nevertheless there are much lesser researches combing project management with knowledge management, especially in the field of architecture design. On the basis of analyzing the trend of the combination of project management and knowledge management, the development of Chinese and foreing architecture design enterprises and the application of knowledge management in the projection management in architecture design enterprises, this dissertation propound the methods and indicator system of the performance evaluation of architecture design enterprisers whose validity is verified by the empirical analysis on the performance evaluation of Tianjin University’s Institute of Architectural Design’s knowledge management. The main contents are as the following:
1. On the basis of reviewing the related literatures, the dissertation points out the defects of the exiting studies and analyses the aspects of improvements and importance and necessary of the research combining project management with knowledge management.
2. The dissertation discusses the present status and tendency of the study on combining project management with knowledge management and analyses the development history, characteristic, the mode of operation of the Chinese and foreign architecture design enterprises and differences between them in order to reveal the urgency to improve the management level of Chinese architecture design enterprises. The key part is how to construct the knowledge management system and support system for projects of architecture design.
3. Using the theory and methods of performance evaluation of knowledge management, the dissertation propounds the theoretical foundation of performance evaluation of enterprises’knowledge management and the common methods of evaluation, then selects Tianjin University’s Institute of Architectural Design as the object to evaluate the capability of knowledge management of it and presents suggestions.
The creative points of the dissertation are as the following:
1. Constructing the knowledge management system for projects of architecture design. The dissertation propounds the important channel to get added value and competitive advantage. The channel is to combine knowledge management with project management and clarify the content of knowledge management of each phase in project management in architecture design, status of the operation of knowledge, the spiral of knowledge, and provide the knowledge management for project management in architecture design a systematic guidance by using knowledge sharing and knowledge fermenting.
2. The dissertation selects organizational structure, corporate culture, motivation system, risk management and technology as the major components to construct the support system of knowledge management of projects of architecture design. With the improvement of organizational structure and corporate culture, the employees can easily accept knowledge management conception. The motivation system also can inspirit the employees to participate in the process of knowledge management in order to realize explicitness, accumulation, storage, sharing, application and innovation of knowledge.
3. The dissertation selects architecture design enterprises in educational institutions as research object and establishes the indicator system of evaluation of knowledge management of architecture design enterprises. The indicator system is established based on seven factors including information technology, organizational supporting, corporate culture, knowledge acquisition, knowledge sharing, knowledge application and knowledge protection. The Fuzzy Delphi method is used to filtrate the indicators. Finally, the dissertation provides several suggestions to improve the performance of knowledge management in architecture design enterprises.
一、在对本文的研究背景、研究意义和对相关文献进行阐述和梳理的基础上,指出以往研究的不足之处和需改进的方向,提出要将项目管理和知识管理相互融合的时代要求;
二、文章分析了项目管理和知识管理相互融合的现状和趋势,对中外建筑设计企业发展状况进行了比较分析,重点构建了建筑设计项目知识管理体系和支撑保障系统;
三、在知识管理绩效评价理论和方法的指导下,提出建筑设计企业知识管理绩效评价方法与指标体系,并以高校建筑设计研究院为例,对其知识管理绩效进行评价,提出改进方向,实现知识管理绩效的持续改进。
本文创新点主要体现在以下三点:
第一,建筑设计企业是典型的项目型企业,大多数设计企业已经意识到项目管理在企业战略理论中的重大意义,并从设计项目流程中知识运作和管理的视角来改进建筑设计企业的项目管理,以带动企业战略实施。本文在梳理和分析了项目管理和知识管理相互融合的相关文献的基础上,构建了建筑设计项目知识管理体系,确定企业获得价值增值和和核心竞争力的重要途径,即将知识管理与业务流程相结合,确定建筑设计项目各阶段的知识管理内容、知识运作状态、知识的螺旋上升状况,运用知识共享与知识发酵等方法,为建筑设计项目进行知识管理提供系统性的指导。
第二,尽管我国建筑设计企业已经意识到知识管理的重要性,但是企业员工对知识管理的认可度低,信息化层次和使用效率低,这就决定建筑设计项目的知识管理起点低。必须搭建一个切合实际、稳定可行的支撑保障系统来确保建筑设计项目知识管理系统的运行。本文选取组织结构、企业文化、激励制度、风险管理、技术工具等方面作为建筑设计项目知识管理支撑保障体系的重点要素进行分析。通过组织结构和企业文化的知识型改进,促使员工接纳知识管理理念,选择适合企业现状并且能够承担的知识管理技术工具。通过有效的激励制度鼓励员工自觉参与到知识管理的过程,实现知识的显化、积累、存储、共享、交流、应用和创新,为建筑设计项目知识管理提供良好的运行平台。
第三、现有的关于建筑设计企业的实证研究多是研究发展战略问题。建筑设计企业强调以设计为中心,客观地要求对设计项目进行知识管理以提高企业绩效。本文以高校建筑设计企业为研究对象,进行建筑设计企业知识管理的实证研究。根据建筑设计企业知识管理的信息技术支持、组织支持、文化支持、知识获取、知识共享、知识运用和知识保护等七个层次,建立建筑设计企业知识管理能力评价指标,使用模糊德尔菲法对知识管理能力评价指标进行筛选,引入模糊层次分析法对该企业的知识管理绩效进行评价,提出改进方案,以实现知识管理绩效的持续改进。实践上具有探索性和可操作性,为建筑设计企业提高管理绩效提供了实证资料。
Knowledge management and project management which are two noticeable research fields in management science have abundant research achievements in recent years. Nevertheless there are much lesser researches combing project management with knowledge management, especially in the field of architecture design. On the basis of analyzing the trend of the combination of project management and knowledge management, the development of Chinese and foreing architecture design enterprises and the application of knowledge management in the projection management in architecture design enterprises, this dissertation propound the methods and indicator system of the performance evaluation of architecture design enterprisers whose validity is verified by the empirical analysis on the performance evaluation of Tianjin University’s Institute of Architectural Design’s knowledge management. The main contents are as the following:
1. On the basis of reviewing the related literatures, the dissertation points out the defects of the exiting studies and analyses the aspects of improvements and importance and necessary of the research combining project management with knowledge management.
2. The dissertation discusses the present status and tendency of the study on combining project management with knowledge management and analyses the development history, characteristic, the mode of operation of the Chinese and foreign architecture design enterprises and differences between them in order to reveal the urgency to improve the management level of Chinese architecture design enterprises. The key part is how to construct the knowledge management system and support system for projects of architecture design.
3. Using the theory and methods of performance evaluation of knowledge management, the dissertation propounds the theoretical foundation of performance evaluation of enterprises’knowledge management and the common methods of evaluation, then selects Tianjin University’s Institute of Architectural Design as the object to evaluate the capability of knowledge management of it and presents suggestions.
The creative points of the dissertation are as the following:
1. Constructing the knowledge management system for projects of architecture design. The dissertation propounds the important channel to get added value and competitive advantage. The channel is to combine knowledge management with project management and clarify the content of knowledge management of each phase in project management in architecture design, status of the operation of knowledge, the spiral of knowledge, and provide the knowledge management for project management in architecture design a systematic guidance by using knowledge sharing and knowledge fermenting.
2. The dissertation selects organizational structure, corporate culture, motivation system, risk management and technology as the major components to construct the support system of knowledge management of projects of architecture design. With the improvement of organizational structure and corporate culture, the employees can easily accept knowledge management conception. The motivation system also can inspirit the employees to participate in the process of knowledge management in order to realize explicitness, accumulation, storage, sharing, application and innovation of knowledge.
3. The dissertation selects architecture design enterprises in educational institutions as research object and establishes the indicator system of evaluation of knowledge management of architecture design enterprises. The indicator system is established based on seven factors including information technology, organizational supporting, corporate culture, knowledge acquisition, knowledge sharing, knowledge application and knowledge protection. The Fuzzy Delphi method is used to filtrate the indicators. Finally, the dissertation provides several suggestions to improve the performance of knowledge management in architecture design enterprises.
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