基于工作流的实验室建设项目管理系统的研究与实现
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摘要
工作流技术作为一个新兴的研究领域，是实现各种业务过程建模、过程优化、过程管理等，最终实现业务过程自动化的核心技术，因其特有的技术特点和应用功能，已引起了研究机构和相关业界的广泛关注，并已取得了一定的研究和应用成果，现在已被广泛应用于生产制造，办公自动化，并行工程，电子政务等领域。
工作流技术在项目管理系统的应用是当前项目信息化管理的一个研究和发展方向。通过对工作流的流程定义和运行期控制可以较好地解决项目自动化管理中的两个关键问题：业务流程的多样化需求和管理流程的不确定性。本文研究的实验室建设项目管理过程中涉及到立项申请、组织采购、合同执行、项目验收、付款、项目后期维护、项目效益评估、档案管理等很多流程，这些流程所包含的大量数据在实际工作中处于流动状态，并且工作流程由于政策性等原因经常发生变化，通过应用工作流技术，能很好地解决这些问题。
本文在分析国内外工作流发展方向及应用状况的基础上，通过对工作流技术进行了深入研究，以WFMC(Workflow Management Coalition工作流管理联盟)提出的工作流参考模型为依据，讨论了工作流管理系统的特点和实现的关键技术，结合实验室建设项目管理的实际需求，重点分析了系统中流程模型定义，工作流引擎，流程管理等几个重要组成部分，详细设计了基于工作流的实验室建设项目的管理系统。并以项目立项申请过程作为一个工作流运行实例来说明该设计的可行性。
在系统设计上，采用基于WEB的B/S设计模式，实现方法采用面向对象的技术，系统选用微软的.NET平台作为开发工具，用C#实现工作流引擎、管理和监视工具、应用服务接口等模块，流程模板的图形化定义采用Java技术进行实现，采用SQL Server2000数据库技术存储工作流控制数据和应用数据，并给出了相关数据库的设计。
本文阐述了一个基于工作流的实验室建设项目管理系统的设计过程，由于时间的关系，系统只是基本实现流程模型定义部分，其他部分暂未完成，只给出设计思路和方法，如何将本系统应用于实际业务过程中，还有不少问题需要深入研究，这也是我今后进一步研究的内容。
Workflow as a new developing research field is the key technology that implements procedure modeling, procedure optimizing and procedure managing of various operations, and ultimately realizes automatization of operation processes. Because of its unique technological characteristics and application functions, it has already drawn lots of attentions from some research institutions and relevant industries. Moreover, there has been some certain research and applying achievements. Now it has been widely used in fields such as manufacture, office automation, concurrent engineering, the E-government, etc.
Workflow's applying in the project management system is the researching and developing direction of project management infomationization at present. By defining the procedures and controlling the functioning process, the two key problems in project management automatization—diversification of demands in operation procedures and uncertainty in management procedures—can be solved properly. The management of lab building project procedures include project application, organizing purchase, fulfilling the contract, checking and accepting, making the payment, maintenance, filing, efficacy assessment, etc. A large number of data involved in all of these procedures are always flowing, and changing due to some policies. However, it can be fixed by workflow technology.
This paper analyzes the developing direction and applying situations at home and abroad first, and then studies the technology of workflow deeply. On this basis and with the referenced models of workflow proposed by WFMC, the paper discusses the characteristics of the workflow management system and the key technologies involved for its implementation. According to the actual demands of the management of lab building project, the paper also primarily analyzes the main parts of the system such as the definition of the procedure models, workflow engine, and procedure management, and illustrates a detailed design of the management system of lab duilding project based on workflow, whose feasibility is demonstrated by the procedure of project application.
The design of the system is accomplished with the B/S based on WEB, the object-oriented technology, the Microsoft .NET platform, and C# to make modules of workflow engine, management and monitor tools, and service API.
In conclusion, this paper exprounds a design process of a management system of lab building project based on workflow. With limited time, the system has just been completed in the part of defining the procedure model with other parts left unfinished. The author only provides the design plan and methods. In terms of how to employ the system in the real operation, there are a lot of problems to deal with, which the author would like to investigate in the future.
工作流技术在项目管理系统的应用是当前项目信息化管理的一个研究和发展方向。通过对工作流的流程定义和运行期控制可以较好地解决项目自动化管理中的两个关键问题：业务流程的多样化需求和管理流程的不确定性。本文研究的实验室建设项目管理过程中涉及到立项申请、组织采购、合同执行、项目验收、付款、项目后期维护、项目效益评估、档案管理等很多流程，这些流程所包含的大量数据在实际工作中处于流动状态，并且工作流程由于政策性等原因经常发生变化，通过应用工作流技术，能很好地解决这些问题。
本文在分析国内外工作流发展方向及应用状况的基础上，通过对工作流技术进行了深入研究，以WFMC(Workflow Management Coalition工作流管理联盟)提出的工作流参考模型为依据，讨论了工作流管理系统的特点和实现的关键技术，结合实验室建设项目管理的实际需求，重点分析了系统中流程模型定义，工作流引擎，流程管理等几个重要组成部分，详细设计了基于工作流的实验室建设项目的管理系统。并以项目立项申请过程作为一个工作流运行实例来说明该设计的可行性。
在系统设计上，采用基于WEB的B/S设计模式，实现方法采用面向对象的技术，系统选用微软的.NET平台作为开发工具，用C#实现工作流引擎、管理和监视工具、应用服务接口等模块，流程模板的图形化定义采用Java技术进行实现，采用SQL Server2000数据库技术存储工作流控制数据和应用数据，并给出了相关数据库的设计。
本文阐述了一个基于工作流的实验室建设项目管理系统的设计过程，由于时间的关系，系统只是基本实现流程模型定义部分，其他部分暂未完成，只给出设计思路和方法，如何将本系统应用于实际业务过程中，还有不少问题需要深入研究，这也是我今后进一步研究的内容。
Workflow as a new developing research field is the key technology that implements procedure modeling, procedure optimizing and procedure managing of various operations, and ultimately realizes automatization of operation processes. Because of its unique technological characteristics and application functions, it has already drawn lots of attentions from some research institutions and relevant industries. Moreover, there has been some certain research and applying achievements. Now it has been widely used in fields such as manufacture, office automation, concurrent engineering, the E-government, etc.
Workflow's applying in the project management system is the researching and developing direction of project management infomationization at present. By defining the procedures and controlling the functioning process, the two key problems in project management automatization—diversification of demands in operation procedures and uncertainty in management procedures—can be solved properly. The management of lab building project procedures include project application, organizing purchase, fulfilling the contract, checking and accepting, making the payment, maintenance, filing, efficacy assessment, etc. A large number of data involved in all of these procedures are always flowing, and changing due to some policies. However, it can be fixed by workflow technology.
This paper analyzes the developing direction and applying situations at home and abroad first, and then studies the technology of workflow deeply. On this basis and with the referenced models of workflow proposed by WFMC, the paper discusses the characteristics of the workflow management system and the key technologies involved for its implementation. According to the actual demands of the management of lab building project, the paper also primarily analyzes the main parts of the system such as the definition of the procedure models, workflow engine, and procedure management, and illustrates a detailed design of the management system of lab duilding project based on workflow, whose feasibility is demonstrated by the procedure of project application.
The design of the system is accomplished with the B/S based on WEB, the object-oriented technology, the Microsoft .NET platform, and C# to make modules of workflow engine, management and monitor tools, and service API.
In conclusion, this paper exprounds a design process of a management system of lab building project based on workflow. With limited time, the system has just been completed in the part of defining the procedure model with other parts left unfinished. The author only provides the design plan and methods. In terms of how to employ the system in the real operation, there are a lot of problems to deal with, which the author would like to investigate in the future.
引文
[1]范玉顺．工作流管理技术基础—经营过程重构、过程管理和过程自动的核心技术．北京：清华大学出版社．2001[2]
[2]何清法，李国杰．基于关系结构的轻量级工作流引擎．计算机研究与发展，2001，38(2)：129—137
[3]胡杰，党延忠．基于WEB的工作流技术在文档管理系统中的应用．计算机工程与应用，2003，39(12)：224-227
[4]蔡慧．浅析项目管理的发展趋势及我国企业的对策．硫磷设计与粉体工程，2003(4)：42-44
[5]张海娟，陶树人，赫从喜，张海燕．项目管理的最新发展．科技进步与对策，2002(5)：108-110
[6]袁义才，陈军．项目管理手册．北京：中信出版社．2001
[7]邓晓红．基于WEB的工作流技术在工程建设项目管理系统中的应用．微型机与应用，2002，11：41-42
[8]Salimifard, k., Wright, M. Petri net based modeling of workflow systems.an overview. European Journal of Operational Research,2001,134 (3):664-676
[9]李红臣，史美林．工作流模型及其形式化描述．计算机学报，2003，26(11)：1456-1463
[10]Salimifard K, Wright M, Petri net-based modeling of workflow systems:An overview. European Journal of Operational Research, 2001, 134(3): 664-676
[11]C Buffer. Policy Resolution in Workflow Management System[J]. Digital Technical Journal, 1999, 6 (4): 34-45
[12]曾月，范玉顺．基于COM和ASP技术的工作流管理系统的设计与实现．计算机工程与应用，2002，38(1)：241-244
[13]WfMC-TC-1023, Workflow Management Coalition. Workflow Standard Interoperability Wf-XML Binding. 2001
[14]张涛，战洪飞，孙静等．基于WEB的企业工作流管理系统的研究，计算 机应用研究，2002，19(5)：130-133
[15]黄世秀，高飞，胡小华．基于工作流的电子政务系统．合肥工业大学学报，2004，27(2)：140-143
[16]张世栋，彭朝晖．支持多群体同步协同的工作流若干关键技术研究．系统仿真学报，2003，15(4)：519-522
[17]卢本捷，魏守平．工作流管理系统的动态路由的设计与实现．小型微型计算机系统，2004，25(8)：1530-1533
[18]梁浩，吴启迪，施俊浩．基于WEB技术的工作流管理系统的研究．计算机科学，2001，28(2)：94-96
[19]何庆，汤庸，梁中尾．高校工程项目管理中协同工作机制的研究与实现．计算机工程，2004，30(10)：159-160
[20]田熙清，党延忠．基于工作流技术的项目管理系统的分析和设计．计算机工程与应用，2003(8)：131-134
[21]郦军．工作流系统中流程定义的研究．微机发展，1999(5)：30-35
[22]Gerold Riemp.Wide Area Workflow Management:creating partnershipsfor the 21 st century. London,New York, Springer, 1998.
[23]Stefan Jablonski, Christoph Bussler. Workflow Management: modelingconcepts, Architecture and Implementation. Thomson Computer Press, 1997,pp 12-14.
[24]罗海滨，范玉顺，吴澄．工作流技术综述．软件学报，2000 7(7)：899-905
[25]Workflow Management Coalition. Workflow Management Coalition Terminology and Glossary. Technical Report. WFMC-TC-1011, Brussels: Workflow Management Coalition. 1996:34-56
[26]Workflow Management Coalition. The Workflow Reference Model. Technical Report. WFMC-TC-1003, Hampshire: Workflow Management Coalition. 1995:22-45
[27]WFMC. Workflow process definition read/write interface. 1995
[28]WFMC. Workflow management coalition workflow standard-interoperability abstract specification. 1996
[29]WFMC. Workflow Management Coalition Workflow Client Application(Interface2)Application Programming Interface (WAPI) Specification. 1996
[30] WFMC. Workflow management coalition audit data specification. 1996
[31] 刘明．最新PMP认证考试指南与练习．北京：电子工业出版社，2003：89-90
[32] 孔建寿，沈春龙，张友良，陈石灵．面向分布式产品开发的项目管理系统研究．机械科学与技术，2001 (5)：770-771
[33] Davis J, Du W, Shan M. OpenPM: An enterprise process management system IEEE Data Engineering Bulletin 1995(1):25-30
[34] W M P van der Aalst. The application of Petri nets to workflow management Journal of Circuits Systems and Computers, 1998(1):21-66
[35] Medina-Mora R. Winograd T, Flores R et al.The action workflow approach to workflow management technology.In: Proc Computer Supported Cooperative Work.Toronto 1992:281-288
[36] Inam oto A. Object-oriented model driven workflow process analysis. In: Proc Japan/USA Sympodium on Flexible Automation 2.1996:1317-1324
[37] End R, Knomayer G, Pfahrer M, Modeling processes and workflows by business rules Institute of Information Systems. University of Bem SWORDIES Report, 1998
[38] Wasim Sadiq,Maria E Orlowska.Analyzing process models using Graph reduction techniques, Information systems,2000(2): 117-134
[39] 林彤，张载鸿，李红臣．工作流系统中过程模型的应用研究．计算机应用．2002(6)：14-17
[40] 何清法，李国杰，焦丽梅，刘力力．基于关系结构的轻量级工作流引擎．计算机研究与发展．2001(2)：129-137
[41] 中科永联高级技术培训中心．MVC，http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200603071552065.html
[42] 上海交通大学网络信息中心．网络应用指南．Java Applet编程技巧实例专辑．http://vod.sjtu.edu.cn/help/Article_Show.asp?ArticleID=1586
[2]何清法，李国杰．基于关系结构的轻量级工作流引擎．计算机研究与发展，2001，38(2)：129—137
[3]胡杰，党延忠．基于WEB的工作流技术在文档管理系统中的应用．计算机工程与应用，2003，39(12)：224-227
[4]蔡慧．浅析项目管理的发展趋势及我国企业的对策．硫磷设计与粉体工程，2003(4)：42-44
[5]张海娟，陶树人，赫从喜，张海燕．项目管理的最新发展．科技进步与对策，2002(5)：108-110
[6]袁义才，陈军．项目管理手册．北京：中信出版社．2001
[7]邓晓红．基于WEB的工作流技术在工程建设项目管理系统中的应用．微型机与应用，2002，11：41-42
[8]Salimifard, k., Wright, M. Petri net based modeling of workflow systems.an overview. European Journal of Operational Research,2001,134 (3):664-676
[9]李红臣，史美林．工作流模型及其形式化描述．计算机学报，2003，26(11)：1456-1463
[10]Salimifard K, Wright M, Petri net-based modeling of workflow systems:An overview. European Journal of Operational Research, 2001, 134(3): 664-676
[11]C Buffer. Policy Resolution in Workflow Management System[J]. Digital Technical Journal, 1999, 6 (4): 34-45
[12]曾月，范玉顺．基于COM和ASP技术的工作流管理系统的设计与实现．计算机工程与应用，2002，38(1)：241-244
[13]WfMC-TC-1023, Workflow Management Coalition. Workflow Standard Interoperability Wf-XML Binding. 2001
[14]张涛，战洪飞，孙静等．基于WEB的企业工作流管理系统的研究，计算 机应用研究，2002，19(5)：130-133
[15]黄世秀，高飞，胡小华．基于工作流的电子政务系统．合肥工业大学学报，2004，27(2)：140-143
[16]张世栋，彭朝晖．支持多群体同步协同的工作流若干关键技术研究．系统仿真学报，2003，15(4)：519-522
[17]卢本捷，魏守平．工作流管理系统的动态路由的设计与实现．小型微型计算机系统，2004，25(8)：1530-1533
[18]梁浩，吴启迪，施俊浩．基于WEB技术的工作流管理系统的研究．计算机科学，2001，28(2)：94-96
[19]何庆，汤庸，梁中尾．高校工程项目管理中协同工作机制的研究与实现．计算机工程，2004，30(10)：159-160
[20]田熙清，党延忠．基于工作流技术的项目管理系统的分析和设计．计算机工程与应用，2003(8)：131-134
[21]郦军．工作流系统中流程定义的研究．微机发展，1999(5)：30-35
[22]Gerold Riemp.Wide Area Workflow Management:creating partnershipsfor the 21 st century. London,New York, Springer, 1998.
[23]Stefan Jablonski, Christoph Bussler. Workflow Management: modelingconcepts, Architecture and Implementation. Thomson Computer Press, 1997,pp 12-14.
[24]罗海滨，范玉顺，吴澄．工作流技术综述．软件学报，2000 7(7)：899-905
[25]Workflow Management Coalition. Workflow Management Coalition Terminology and Glossary. Technical Report. WFMC-TC-1011, Brussels: Workflow Management Coalition. 1996:34-56
[26]Workflow Management Coalition. The Workflow Reference Model. Technical Report. WFMC-TC-1003, Hampshire: Workflow Management Coalition. 1995:22-45
[27]WFMC. Workflow process definition read/write interface. 1995
[28]WFMC. Workflow management coalition workflow standard-interoperability abstract specification. 1996
[29]WFMC. Workflow Management Coalition Workflow Client Application(Interface2)Application Programming Interface (WAPI) Specification. 1996
[30] WFMC. Workflow management coalition audit data specification. 1996
[31] 刘明．最新PMP认证考试指南与练习．北京：电子工业出版社，2003：89-90
[32] 孔建寿，沈春龙，张友良，陈石灵．面向分布式产品开发的项目管理系统研究．机械科学与技术，2001 (5)：770-771
[33] Davis J, Du W, Shan M. OpenPM: An enterprise process management system IEEE Data Engineering Bulletin 1995(1):25-30
[34] W M P van der Aalst. The application of Petri nets to workflow management Journal of Circuits Systems and Computers, 1998(1):21-66
[35] Medina-Mora R. Winograd T, Flores R et al.The action workflow approach to workflow management technology.In: Proc Computer Supported Cooperative Work.Toronto 1992:281-288
[36] Inam oto A. Object-oriented model driven workflow process analysis. In: Proc Japan/USA Sympodium on Flexible Automation 2.1996:1317-1324
[37] End R, Knomayer G, Pfahrer M, Modeling processes and workflows by business rules Institute of Information Systems. University of Bem SWORDIES Report, 1998
[38] Wasim Sadiq,Maria E Orlowska.Analyzing process models using Graph reduction techniques, Information systems,2000(2): 117-134
[39] 林彤，张载鸿，李红臣．工作流系统中过程模型的应用研究．计算机应用．2002(6)：14-17
[40] 何清法，李国杰，焦丽梅，刘力力．基于关系结构的轻量级工作流引擎．计算机研究与发展．2001(2)：129-137
[41] 中科永联高级技术培训中心．MVC，http://www.itisedu.com/phrase/200603071552065.html
[42] 上海交通大学网络信息中心．网络应用指南．Java Applet编程技巧实例专辑．http://vod.sjtu.edu.cn/help/Article_Show.asp?ArticleID=1586