北京麦豆轮作生态系统N_2O排放、CH_4吸收观测与模拟研究
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摘要
为了解北京地区麦豆轮作农田生态系统N_2O排放、CH_4吸收规律，并进一步验证DNDC模型在北京地区旱地农田的适用程度，在2002年，本研究在北京昌平实验站建立了自动观测系统，针对麦豆轮作生态系统N_2O排放、CH_4吸收进行了连续观测，通过田间观测与模型研究，对其生长季节排放变化规律和区域模拟进行了初步的研究，在此期间还进行了一系列模拟实验和不同施肥处理，定量地研究影响因子对N_2O排放、CH_4吸收的影响。得出主要结论如下：
1．按照生长季节平均通量值，可以得出麦豆轮作生态系统N_2O排放、CH_4吸收的排列次序为：冬小麦生长后期最高，大豆生长前期次之，大豆生长后期最低。就整个麦豆轮作生态系统而言，旱地土壤分别是大气N_2O、CH_4的源汇。
2．在没有其它因子扰动的情况下，在10-30℃的温度范围内，随着土壤温度的升高，麦豆轮作生态系统的N_2O排放通量有一定的增加，但是不具备明显的线性相关；在10～20℃的温度范围内，麦豆轮作生态系统的土壤CH_4吸收与土壤温度成正相关关系，若超过此温度范围，随着土壤温度的升高，麦豆轮作生态系统的土壤CH_4吸收有越来越少的趋势，并出现土壤CH_4排放的现象。
3．土壤水分主要通过调控微生物活性和O_2含量影响着N_2O的排放与产生，在较低的土壤湿度范围内(低于田间持水量)，随着土壤湿度的增加，N_2O气体产生与土壤湿度呈正线性相关；CH_4气体氧化速率不具备明显的变化。
4．在施肥处理中，添加DCD的尿素和碳铵处理能减少N_2O排放通量，同属于铵态氮肥的碳铵和尿素对旱地农田CH_4吸收的抑制作用没有显著差异。
5．DNDC模型能很好的模拟田间实测到的大豆生长期内N_2O排放通量、气温和土壤地表温度的变化，虽然模型还存在一些问题，但在将来北京地区旱地农田生态系统N_2O排放量估算上有较高的应用价值。但该模型目前还难以应用于北京地区旱地农田生态系统CH_4吸收模拟。
In order to understand the N_2O emission, CH_4 absorption , driving forces which control the N_2O emission or CH_4 uptake rates, and further validate DNDC model in dryland, an automatic sampling system was established to a continous monitoring N_2O and CH4. and region simulation and growth seasonal variations research of N_2O and CH4 emission or uptake were obtained. The impact of soil temperature, moisture and fertilization on N_2O emission and CH4 uptake were analyzed. The main results are as follows:
1. The rank of average emission rate of N_2O and average uptake rate of CH4 in different growth seasons is flux in winter wheat about late growing stage > flux in soybean about earlier growing stage > flux in soybean about late growing stage. Dryland soil is atmospheric N_2O source and is sink of atmospheric CH_4.
2. N_2O emission was relatively increased with the temperature increase when the soil temperature ranges from 10-30 C. But there is no obvious linear relationship between the surface layer soil temperature and N_2O emission. There is a lieanr relationship between CH4 uptake rate and soil temperature in the range of 10-20 C. The CH4 uptake rate was decreased when the soil temperature was higher than 20 C.
3. N_2O emission rate increased linearly with the increase of soil water content when soil water content is lower than field capacity. CH4 uptake rate was no obvious change with the increase of soil water content when soil water content is lower than field capacity.
4. Nitrogen fertilization with DCD could mitigate N_2O emission, and have no significant effect on CH4 uptake rate.
5. DNDC model can well simulate the N_2O emission, air temperature and soil surface temperature from soybean growth period although the model has some problems. It can be
applied to simulate N_2O emission flux from dryland agroecosystem in Beijing in future. The model can not be applied to simulate CH4 absorption from dryland agroecosystem in Beijing.
1．按照生长季节平均通量值，可以得出麦豆轮作生态系统N_2O排放、CH_4吸收的排列次序为：冬小麦生长后期最高，大豆生长前期次之，大豆生长后期最低。就整个麦豆轮作生态系统而言，旱地土壤分别是大气N_2O、CH_4的源汇。
2．在没有其它因子扰动的情况下，在10-30℃的温度范围内，随着土壤温度的升高，麦豆轮作生态系统的N_2O排放通量有一定的增加，但是不具备明显的线性相关；在10～20℃的温度范围内，麦豆轮作生态系统的土壤CH_4吸收与土壤温度成正相关关系，若超过此温度范围，随着土壤温度的升高，麦豆轮作生态系统的土壤CH_4吸收有越来越少的趋势，并出现土壤CH_4排放的现象。
3．土壤水分主要通过调控微生物活性和O_2含量影响着N_2O的排放与产生，在较低的土壤湿度范围内(低于田间持水量)，随着土壤湿度的增加，N_2O气体产生与土壤湿度呈正线性相关；CH_4气体氧化速率不具备明显的变化。
4．在施肥处理中，添加DCD的尿素和碳铵处理能减少N_2O排放通量，同属于铵态氮肥的碳铵和尿素对旱地农田CH_4吸收的抑制作用没有显著差异。
5．DNDC模型能很好的模拟田间实测到的大豆生长期内N_2O排放通量、气温和土壤地表温度的变化，虽然模型还存在一些问题，但在将来北京地区旱地农田生态系统N_2O排放量估算上有较高的应用价值。但该模型目前还难以应用于北京地区旱地农田生态系统CH_4吸收模拟。
In order to understand the N_2O emission, CH_4 absorption , driving forces which control the N_2O emission or CH_4 uptake rates, and further validate DNDC model in dryland, an automatic sampling system was established to a continous monitoring N_2O and CH4. and region simulation and growth seasonal variations research of N_2O and CH4 emission or uptake were obtained. The impact of soil temperature, moisture and fertilization on N_2O emission and CH4 uptake were analyzed. The main results are as follows:
1. The rank of average emission rate of N_2O and average uptake rate of CH4 in different growth seasons is flux in winter wheat about late growing stage > flux in soybean about earlier growing stage > flux in soybean about late growing stage. Dryland soil is atmospheric N_2O source and is sink of atmospheric CH_4.
2. N_2O emission was relatively increased with the temperature increase when the soil temperature ranges from 10-30 C. But there is no obvious linear relationship between the surface layer soil temperature and N_2O emission. There is a lieanr relationship between CH4 uptake rate and soil temperature in the range of 10-20 C. The CH4 uptake rate was decreased when the soil temperature was higher than 20 C.
3. N_2O emission rate increased linearly with the increase of soil water content when soil water content is lower than field capacity. CH4 uptake rate was no obvious change with the increase of soil water content when soil water content is lower than field capacity.
4. Nitrogen fertilization with DCD could mitigate N_2O emission, and have no significant effect on CH4 uptake rate.
5. DNDC model can well simulate the N_2O emission, air temperature and soil surface temperature from soybean growth period although the model has some problems. It can be
applied to simulate N_2O emission flux from dryland agroecosystem in Beijing in future. The model can not be applied to simulate CH4 absorption from dryland agroecosystem in Beijing.
引文
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