发电机组检修计划优化及其管理系统实现
|
摘要
发电企业从电网独立出来以后,其发电机组的检修属于内部经营管理范畴。为兼顾发电企业的经济利益和电网的稳定运行,需要发电企业和电网调度二者共同参与机组检修计划的编制,这给电网调度的检修计划管理带来了新的问题。如何利用先进的计算机信息系统实现检修计划的合理编制与科学、有效管理,是迫切需要解决的问题。
发电机组检修计划实质上是一个多目标、多约束的问题,可分为数学建模和算法优化两部分。研究学者主要从可靠性和经济性的角度建立起相关的数学模型。传统的算法优化方法主要有启发式方法和数学规划方法。随着近年来人工智能的迅速发展,遗传算法、模拟退火算法、禁忌搜索算法、粒子群算法等智能优化方法被引入到机组检修计划中,为解决机组检修优化问题开辟了新的途径。论文以经济运行费用最小为目标建立起机组检修计划模型,并利用改进蚁群算法进行优化求解,利用状态表记忆机制和罚函数法对约束条件进行处理。该方法具有信息正反馈、分布式计算、贪婪启发式搜索等优点,是求解机组检修优化问题的一种有益尝试。
机组检修计划编制是检修计划管理最为重要的内容,论文结合初级电力市场的特征,考虑多种约束条件和电力电量平衡提出了基于等备用法的检修计划优化调整方法。论文在分析机组检修管理业务的基础上,提出了一种基于J2EE的发电机组检修计划管理系统的设计方案,详细阐述了系统的核心模块功能和实现方法。该系统的成功开发,对实现发电机组检修计划的信息化管理具有重要的实用价值。
After separating from the grid, generation’s unit maintenance belongs to its own management and administration category. Considering both the generation’s economic benefits and the power grid’s operational stability, it is necessary for the both to participate in generator maintenance scheduling, which brings new problems to the generator maintenance schedule management. It is urgent to make rational schedule using advanced computer information technology and realize scientific and effective management of generator maintenance.
Virtually, generator maintenance scheduling is a multi-objective and multi-constraint question. It can be divided into two parts—mathematical modeling and algorithmic optimizing. Researchers establish models mainly in the view of reliability or economy. The traditional optimization algorithms are heuristic methods and mathematical programming. With rapidly developing of the artificial intelligence in recent years, some intelligent optimization methods such as genetic algorithms, simulation annealing, taboo search and particle swarm optimization are used and bring a new way to solve the problem of generator maintenance scheduling. In this paper, a model aimed to minimize the operation cost is established and improved ant colony optimization is proposed to solve the problem. The state memory mechanism and penalized function are used to deal with terms of constraints. The method proposed in this paper has many advantages such as positive feedback, distributed calculation, greedy and heuristic search, etc. It is a good try to solving the problem of generator maintenance scheduling.
Scheduling is the most important part of generator maintenance management. Considering the characteristics of the elementary power market, the constraints and power balance, this paper proposed a method of optimizing and adjusting maintenance schedule based on equal reserve. Further, based on analyzing maintenance schedule management, a system design based on J2EE is proposed, in which the function of the key modules and the system implementation methods are elaborated. The successful realization of this system is of great practical value to the management infomationization for the maintenance scheduling.
发电机组检修计划实质上是一个多目标、多约束的问题,可分为数学建模和算法优化两部分。研究学者主要从可靠性和经济性的角度建立起相关的数学模型。传统的算法优化方法主要有启发式方法和数学规划方法。随着近年来人工智能的迅速发展,遗传算法、模拟退火算法、禁忌搜索算法、粒子群算法等智能优化方法被引入到机组检修计划中,为解决机组检修优化问题开辟了新的途径。论文以经济运行费用最小为目标建立起机组检修计划模型,并利用改进蚁群算法进行优化求解,利用状态表记忆机制和罚函数法对约束条件进行处理。该方法具有信息正反馈、分布式计算、贪婪启发式搜索等优点,是求解机组检修优化问题的一种有益尝试。
机组检修计划编制是检修计划管理最为重要的内容,论文结合初级电力市场的特征,考虑多种约束条件和电力电量平衡提出了基于等备用法的检修计划优化调整方法。论文在分析机组检修管理业务的基础上,提出了一种基于J2EE的发电机组检修计划管理系统的设计方案,详细阐述了系统的核心模块功能和实现方法。该系统的成功开发,对实现发电机组检修计划的信息化管理具有重要的实用价值。
After separating from the grid, generation’s unit maintenance belongs to its own management and administration category. Considering both the generation’s economic benefits and the power grid’s operational stability, it is necessary for the both to participate in generator maintenance scheduling, which brings new problems to the generator maintenance schedule management. It is urgent to make rational schedule using advanced computer information technology and realize scientific and effective management of generator maintenance.
Virtually, generator maintenance scheduling is a multi-objective and multi-constraint question. It can be divided into two parts—mathematical modeling and algorithmic optimizing. Researchers establish models mainly in the view of reliability or economy. The traditional optimization algorithms are heuristic methods and mathematical programming. With rapidly developing of the artificial intelligence in recent years, some intelligent optimization methods such as genetic algorithms, simulation annealing, taboo search and particle swarm optimization are used and bring a new way to solve the problem of generator maintenance scheduling. In this paper, a model aimed to minimize the operation cost is established and improved ant colony optimization is proposed to solve the problem. The state memory mechanism and penalized function are used to deal with terms of constraints. The method proposed in this paper has many advantages such as positive feedback, distributed calculation, greedy and heuristic search, etc. It is a good try to solving the problem of generator maintenance scheduling.
Scheduling is the most important part of generator maintenance management. Considering the characteristics of the elementary power market, the constraints and power balance, this paper proposed a method of optimizing and adjusting maintenance schedule based on equal reserve. Further, based on analyzing maintenance schedule management, a system design based on J2EE is proposed, in which the function of the key modules and the system implementation methods are elaborated. The successful realization of this system is of great practical value to the management infomationization for the maintenance scheduling.
引文
[1] 姚建刚,章建. 电力市场分析.北京:高等教育出版社,1999,20-24
[2] 尚雅琴,田广东. 国外电力市场实践及现状. 工业技术经济,2002,(1):72-73
[3] 王锡凡,王秀丽,陈皓勇. 电力市场基础.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1986,1-4
[4] 冯飞等.我国电力体制改革的基本做法、难点及趋势. 电力系统自动化,2002,26(16):1
[5] 靳东来,李振凯等. DL/T 838-2003发电企业设备检修导则.北京:中国电力出版社,2003,1-4
[6] 李文沅.电力系统风险评估模型、方法和应用.北京:科学出版社,2006,10-23
[7] 黄雅罗,黄树红,彭忠泽. 发电设备状态检修.北京:中国电力出版社,2000,1-11
[8] 胡杨,黄树红,张燕平等.电力系统发电机组检修计划优化算法研究.华中电力,2000,4(13):1-4
[9] 高军,刘文颖,王秀丽等.发电系统检修计划优化问题实用研究.西北电力技术,2002, 1: 22-26
[10] 冯永青,丁明. 电力市场环境下的发电机组检修计划. 电力系统自动化,2001, 25(18):20-23
[11] 冯永青,张伯明,吴文传等. 电力市场发电机组检修计划的快速算法. 电力系统自动化,2004,28(16):41-44
[12] Eshraghnia R., Shanechi M.H.M., Mashhadi H.R. Generation Maintenance Scheduling in Power Market Based on Genetic Algorithm. IEEE: Power Systems Conference and Exposition,2006,1814-1819
[13] 彭卉,张焰,张彦魁等.发电机组最佳计划维修周期研究.中国电机工程学报, 2003,23(7):41-45
[14] 吴龙,黄民翔. 电力系统机组计划检修新模型.电力系统自动化,1998,22(02):26-28
[15] 王鹏,张粒子,鲍海等. 初级电力市场环境下机组检修计划的实用模型.中国电力,2000,33(11):79-81
[16] 陈竟成,于尔铿,刘广一等.检修计划新模型与算法研究.电网技术,1997,21(11):65-69
[17] 王建学,王锡凡,冯长有等. 基于市场公平性的发电机组检修规划.电力系统自动化,2006,30(20):15-19
[18] 丁明,冯永青.发电机组检修计划的可靠性和经济性研究.中国电力,2001,34(7):22-25
[19] 丘文千. 基于电量不足期望值最小的发电机组检修计划优化算法.浙江电力,2005,2:1-4
[20] 芦兴. 电力市场环境下发电企业设备检修计划协调优化研究:[华北电力大学硕士学位论文].北京:华北电力大学,2007,14-16
[21] Ibrahim E A,Salih D,Mahammed A. A Tabu search algorithm for maintenance scheduling of generating units. Electric Power Systems Research, 2000,54(2):91-99
[22] 杨滨.用等风险度法安排机组检修提高供电可靠性. 黑龙江电力技术,1992,14(4):197-201
[23] 罗庆耀. 按等风险度法自动安排发电机组的计划检修. 邵阳市场学报,1994,7(1):37-41
[24] 罗庆跃,刘汀涛.按等风险度法自动安排发电机组计划检修的软件研制. 船电技术,1998,18(4):36-40
[25] 郭永基.电力系统可靠性分析.北京:清华大学出版社,2003,38-49
[26] 侯煦光等.电力系统最优规划.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1991,66-67
[27] Edwin K. W. ,Curtius F. New Maintenance Scheduling Method with Production Cost Minimization via Integer Linear Programming. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems,1990,12:165-170
[28] Rong-Ceng Leou, Shih-An Yih. A flexible unit maintenance scheduling using fuzzy 0-1 integer programming. Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2000,4:2551-2555
[29] J. Yellen,Al-Khamis T.M.,Vermuri S.,et al. A decomposition approach to unit maintenance scheduling. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1992,7(2):726-733
[30] 冯永青.基于广义奔德斯分解法的电力市场发输电检修计划:[合肥工业大学硕士学位论文].合肥: 合肥工业大学,2002,21-50
[31] Marwali M.K.C,Shahidehpour S.M. A probabilistic approach to generation maintenance scheduler with network constraints. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems,1999,21(8):533-545
[32] H. H. Zurn,V. H. Quintana. Generator Maintenance Scheduling Via Successive Approximations Dynamic Programming. IEEE Trans on Power Apparatus and Systems,1975,l(2): 665-671
[33] Munoz Moro L. , Ramos A. Goal programming approach to maintenancescheduling of generating units in large scale power systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1999,14(3): 1021-1028
[34] 邱菀华,冯允成,魏法杰等.运筹学教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2004,141-146
[35] Satoh T., Nara K. Maintenance Scheduling by using Simulated Annealing Method. IEEE Trans On Power Systems,1991,l(6):850-857
[36] Suresh K.,Kumarappan N. Combined genetic algorithm and simulated annealing for preventive unit maintenance scheduling in power system. IEEE:Power Engineering Society General Meeting,2006:18-22
[37] 陈少华,杨澎,周永旺等. 遗传和模拟退火算法在发电机组检修计划中的应用. 电力系统自动化,1998, 22(7):44-46
[38] Wang Y.,Handschin E. Unit maintenance scheduling in open systems using genetic algorithm. Transmission and Distribution Conference,IEEE,1999,1(1) : 334-339
[39] Rong-Ceng Leou. A new method for unit maintenance scheduling based on genetic algorithm. IEEE: Power Engineering Society General Meeting,2003: 246-251
[40] 王凌.智能优化算法及其应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2001,37-61
[41] Chin Aik Koay, Srinivasan D. Particle swarm optimization-based approach for generator maintenance scheduling. IEEE: Swarm Intelligence Symposium,2003:167-173
[42] Park Young-Soo , Kim Jin-Ho , Park June-Ho , et al. Generating Unit Maintenance Scheduling using Hybrid PSO Algorithm. IEEE: Intelligent Systems Applications to Power Systems,2007:1-6
[43] Tajima H.,Sugimoto J., Funabashi T.,et al. Auction Price-Based Thermal Unit Maintenance Scheduling by Reactive TABU Search. IEEE: Universities Power Engineering Conference,2006: 421-425
[44] K. Kawahara. A Proposal of a Supporting Expert System for Outage Planning of Electric Power Facilities Retaining High Power Supply Reliability. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1998,13(4): 1453-1465
[45] 刘彦鹏.蚁群算法的理论研究及其应用:[浙江大学硕士学位论文].杭州: 浙江大学,2007,1-23
[46] 李开荣,陈宏建,陈 歧.一种动态自适应蚁群算法.计算机工程与应用,2004,40(29): 148 -152
[47] 孙 薇,商伟,牛东晓.改进蚁群优化算法在配电网网架规划中的应用.电网技术,2006,30(15): 85-88
[48] 叶专伟,郑肇葆. 蚁群算法中参数α、β、ρ设置的研究--以TSP问题为例. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2004,29(7):597-601
[49] 郝晋,石立宝,周家启. 一种求解最优机组组合问题的随机扰动蚁群优化算法. 电力系统自动化,2002,26(23):23-28
[50] Grigg C., Wong P., Albrecht P., et al. The IEEE Reliability Test System-1996. A report prepared by the Reliability Test System Task Force of the Application of Probability Methods Subcommittee. IEEE Trans on Power System,1998, 14(3): 1010 -1020
[51] 康春雷.云南电网统调机组检修优化系统的设计与实现:[大连理工大学硕士学位论文].大连: 大连理工大学,2005,35-36
[52] 湖大华龙电气与信息技术有限公司.广东电网发电机组检修管理工具需求分析说明书.长沙:湖南湖大华龙电气与信息技术有限公司,2007,3-16
[53] 湖大华龙电气与信息技术有限公司.广东电网发电机组检修管理工具系统设计说明书.长沙:湖南湖大华龙电气与信息技术有限公司,2007,1-5
[54] 陈晓红,罗疏星.信息系统教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2003,139-153
[55] 姚世军. Oracle9i数据库原理与应用教程.北京:国防工业出版社,2004,8-9
[56] 洪帆,崔国华,付小青.信息安全概论.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2005,120-140
[57] 覃国蓉. 基于B/S架构的软件项目实训.北京:电子工业出版社,2004,1-4
[58] 郝玉龙,姜韡.J2EE编程技术. 北京:清华大学出版社,2005,9-18
[59] 张喜铭.发电企业商业运营及竞价决策研究与系统实现:[湖南大学硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学电气与信息工程学院,2003,47-56
[2] 尚雅琴,田广东. 国外电力市场实践及现状. 工业技术经济,2002,(1):72-73
[3] 王锡凡,王秀丽,陈皓勇. 电力市场基础.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1986,1-4
[4] 冯飞等.我国电力体制改革的基本做法、难点及趋势. 电力系统自动化,2002,26(16):1
[5] 靳东来,李振凯等. DL/T 838-2003发电企业设备检修导则.北京:中国电力出版社,2003,1-4
[6] 李文沅.电力系统风险评估模型、方法和应用.北京:科学出版社,2006,10-23
[7] 黄雅罗,黄树红,彭忠泽. 发电设备状态检修.北京:中国电力出版社,2000,1-11
[8] 胡杨,黄树红,张燕平等.电力系统发电机组检修计划优化算法研究.华中电力,2000,4(13):1-4
[9] 高军,刘文颖,王秀丽等.发电系统检修计划优化问题实用研究.西北电力技术,2002, 1: 22-26
[10] 冯永青,丁明. 电力市场环境下的发电机组检修计划. 电力系统自动化,2001, 25(18):20-23
[11] 冯永青,张伯明,吴文传等. 电力市场发电机组检修计划的快速算法. 电力系统自动化,2004,28(16):41-44
[12] Eshraghnia R., Shanechi M.H.M., Mashhadi H.R. Generation Maintenance Scheduling in Power Market Based on Genetic Algorithm. IEEE: Power Systems Conference and Exposition,2006,1814-1819
[13] 彭卉,张焰,张彦魁等.发电机组最佳计划维修周期研究.中国电机工程学报, 2003,23(7):41-45
[14] 吴龙,黄民翔. 电力系统机组计划检修新模型.电力系统自动化,1998,22(02):26-28
[15] 王鹏,张粒子,鲍海等. 初级电力市场环境下机组检修计划的实用模型.中国电力,2000,33(11):79-81
[16] 陈竟成,于尔铿,刘广一等.检修计划新模型与算法研究.电网技术,1997,21(11):65-69
[17] 王建学,王锡凡,冯长有等. 基于市场公平性的发电机组检修规划.电力系统自动化,2006,30(20):15-19
[18] 丁明,冯永青.发电机组检修计划的可靠性和经济性研究.中国电力,2001,34(7):22-25
[19] 丘文千. 基于电量不足期望值最小的发电机组检修计划优化算法.浙江电力,2005,2:1-4
[20] 芦兴. 电力市场环境下发电企业设备检修计划协调优化研究:[华北电力大学硕士学位论文].北京:华北电力大学,2007,14-16
[21] Ibrahim E A,Salih D,Mahammed A. A Tabu search algorithm for maintenance scheduling of generating units. Electric Power Systems Research, 2000,54(2):91-99
[22] 杨滨.用等风险度法安排机组检修提高供电可靠性. 黑龙江电力技术,1992,14(4):197-201
[23] 罗庆耀. 按等风险度法自动安排发电机组的计划检修. 邵阳市场学报,1994,7(1):37-41
[24] 罗庆跃,刘汀涛.按等风险度法自动安排发电机组计划检修的软件研制. 船电技术,1998,18(4):36-40
[25] 郭永基.电力系统可靠性分析.北京:清华大学出版社,2003,38-49
[26] 侯煦光等.电力系统最优规划.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1991,66-67
[27] Edwin K. W. ,Curtius F. New Maintenance Scheduling Method with Production Cost Minimization via Integer Linear Programming. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems,1990,12:165-170
[28] Rong-Ceng Leou, Shih-An Yih. A flexible unit maintenance scheduling using fuzzy 0-1 integer programming. Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2000,4:2551-2555
[29] J. Yellen,Al-Khamis T.M.,Vermuri S.,et al. A decomposition approach to unit maintenance scheduling. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1992,7(2):726-733
[30] 冯永青.基于广义奔德斯分解法的电力市场发输电检修计划:[合肥工业大学硕士学位论文].合肥: 合肥工业大学,2002,21-50
[31] Marwali M.K.C,Shahidehpour S.M. A probabilistic approach to generation maintenance scheduler with network constraints. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems,1999,21(8):533-545
[32] H. H. Zurn,V. H. Quintana. Generator Maintenance Scheduling Via Successive Approximations Dynamic Programming. IEEE Trans on Power Apparatus and Systems,1975,l(2): 665-671
[33] Munoz Moro L. , Ramos A. Goal programming approach to maintenancescheduling of generating units in large scale power systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1999,14(3): 1021-1028
[34] 邱菀华,冯允成,魏法杰等.运筹学教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2004,141-146
[35] Satoh T., Nara K. Maintenance Scheduling by using Simulated Annealing Method. IEEE Trans On Power Systems,1991,l(6):850-857
[36] Suresh K.,Kumarappan N. Combined genetic algorithm and simulated annealing for preventive unit maintenance scheduling in power system. IEEE:Power Engineering Society General Meeting,2006:18-22
[37] 陈少华,杨澎,周永旺等. 遗传和模拟退火算法在发电机组检修计划中的应用. 电力系统自动化,1998, 22(7):44-46
[38] Wang Y.,Handschin E. Unit maintenance scheduling in open systems using genetic algorithm. Transmission and Distribution Conference,IEEE,1999,1(1) : 334-339
[39] Rong-Ceng Leou. A new method for unit maintenance scheduling based on genetic algorithm. IEEE: Power Engineering Society General Meeting,2003: 246-251
[40] 王凌.智能优化算法及其应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2001,37-61
[41] Chin Aik Koay, Srinivasan D. Particle swarm optimization-based approach for generator maintenance scheduling. IEEE: Swarm Intelligence Symposium,2003:167-173
[42] Park Young-Soo , Kim Jin-Ho , Park June-Ho , et al. Generating Unit Maintenance Scheduling using Hybrid PSO Algorithm. IEEE: Intelligent Systems Applications to Power Systems,2007:1-6
[43] Tajima H.,Sugimoto J., Funabashi T.,et al. Auction Price-Based Thermal Unit Maintenance Scheduling by Reactive TABU Search. IEEE: Universities Power Engineering Conference,2006: 421-425
[44] K. Kawahara. A Proposal of a Supporting Expert System for Outage Planning of Electric Power Facilities Retaining High Power Supply Reliability. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1998,13(4): 1453-1465
[45] 刘彦鹏.蚁群算法的理论研究及其应用:[浙江大学硕士学位论文].杭州: 浙江大学,2007,1-23
[46] 李开荣,陈宏建,陈 歧.一种动态自适应蚁群算法.计算机工程与应用,2004,40(29): 148 -152
[47] 孙 薇,商伟,牛东晓.改进蚁群优化算法在配电网网架规划中的应用.电网技术,2006,30(15): 85-88
[48] 叶专伟,郑肇葆. 蚁群算法中参数α、β、ρ设置的研究--以TSP问题为例. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2004,29(7):597-601
[49] 郝晋,石立宝,周家启. 一种求解最优机组组合问题的随机扰动蚁群优化算法. 电力系统自动化,2002,26(23):23-28
[50] Grigg C., Wong P., Albrecht P., et al. The IEEE Reliability Test System-1996. A report prepared by the Reliability Test System Task Force of the Application of Probability Methods Subcommittee. IEEE Trans on Power System,1998, 14(3): 1010 -1020
[51] 康春雷.云南电网统调机组检修优化系统的设计与实现:[大连理工大学硕士学位论文].大连: 大连理工大学,2005,35-36
[52] 湖大华龙电气与信息技术有限公司.广东电网发电机组检修管理工具需求分析说明书.长沙:湖南湖大华龙电气与信息技术有限公司,2007,3-16
[53] 湖大华龙电气与信息技术有限公司.广东电网发电机组检修管理工具系统设计说明书.长沙:湖南湖大华龙电气与信息技术有限公司,2007,1-5
[54] 陈晓红,罗疏星.信息系统教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2003,139-153
[55] 姚世军. Oracle9i数据库原理与应用教程.北京:国防工业出版社,2004,8-9
[56] 洪帆,崔国华,付小青.信息安全概论.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2005,120-140
[57] 覃国蓉. 基于B/S架构的软件项目实训.北京:电子工业出版社,2004,1-4
[58] 郝玉龙,姜韡.J2EE编程技术. 北京:清华大学出版社,2005,9-18
[59] 张喜铭.发电企业商业运营及竞价决策研究与系统实现:[湖南大学硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学电气与信息工程学院,2003,47-56