基于DFACTS的电力牵引谐波抑制与节能研究
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摘要
电力电子器件充斥着我们的生活,从家用空调,变频冰箱到工业中的炼钢炉,冶金炉,电力机车等,由此带来的谐波污染问题也越来越严重。众所周知,电力电子半导体的大量投放会给电网带来严重的谐波,谐波问题带来系统功率因数的降低,由此造成的线路损耗和变压器损耗等问题亟待解决。谐波已经成为影响电能质量的主要因素,有源滤波这一概念经过几十年的发展,逐步被认定为是治理谐波问题最有效的手段,其研究和应用越来越受到关注。
本文首先探讨了有源滤波器的原理和电路结构,发展和应用现状；然后以单相并联型有源电力滤波器为模型基础,通过仿真,给出了单相系统的有源滤波器的结构,验证了有源电力滤波器可以有效的消除系统的谐波污染,降低谐波含量,提高系统的功率因数。
其次以高速DSP芯片TMS320F2812为数字平台,实现了谐波电流无差检测；以滞环电流控制作为有源滤波器的PWM控制方式。并设计出一套以IPM为构架变流器的有源滤波器样机,通过实验对比分析了在系统中加入APF前后谐波含量的变化。
最后针对SS4改型电力机车设计了车载APF,用于抑制电力机车的谐波。在改善电能质量的同时,从经济上做了节能的效益分析,并折算成减少的二氧化碳排放量,挖掘了有源电力滤波器对电力系统低碳化所做贡献的潜力。
Electric and electron devices are everywhere in our life, from air-condition, variable-frequency fridge to steelmaking furnace, metallurgical furnace and electric locomotive in industry. The problem of Harmonic pollution has become severe in recent years. As we all know that massive usage of electric and electron devices can create heavy harmonics to the power grid. Harmonics will decrease the power factor of the grid, which will cause both line loss and transformer loss. The problem of harmonics has become the main disadvantage influence to power quality. Active Power Filter (APF), proved to be the most effective way to solve harmonics pollution, has been paid more and more concerns and researches.
In this thesis, we firstly discuss the principle of the APF, its circuit structure and its prospect. Then we choose single phase APF as a basic model, build the model structure in MATLAB through simulation and prove APF's ability of eliminating harmonic current in the grid and increasing the power factor as well.
Secondly, we select fast control chip TMS320F2812 as the data platform to achieve the detection of harmonic current and choose hysteresis as the control method. Then a prototype has been set. Through experiments, we can see the changes after APF has been put into the system.
At last, electric locomotive used APF has been designed, which is used to eliminate the harmonics caused by electric locomotive. Besides improve the power quality, we also analyze the energy-saving effect of APF. Therefore, the potential of APF has been explored in low-carbon power system.
本文首先探讨了有源滤波器的原理和电路结构,发展和应用现状；然后以单相并联型有源电力滤波器为模型基础,通过仿真,给出了单相系统的有源滤波器的结构,验证了有源电力滤波器可以有效的消除系统的谐波污染,降低谐波含量,提高系统的功率因数。
其次以高速DSP芯片TMS320F2812为数字平台,实现了谐波电流无差检测；以滞环电流控制作为有源滤波器的PWM控制方式。并设计出一套以IPM为构架变流器的有源滤波器样机,通过实验对比分析了在系统中加入APF前后谐波含量的变化。
最后针对SS4改型电力机车设计了车载APF,用于抑制电力机车的谐波。在改善电能质量的同时,从经济上做了节能的效益分析,并折算成减少的二氧化碳排放量,挖掘了有源电力滤波器对电力系统低碳化所做贡献的潜力。
Electric and electron devices are everywhere in our life, from air-condition, variable-frequency fridge to steelmaking furnace, metallurgical furnace and electric locomotive in industry. The problem of Harmonic pollution has become severe in recent years. As we all know that massive usage of electric and electron devices can create heavy harmonics to the power grid. Harmonics will decrease the power factor of the grid, which will cause both line loss and transformer loss. The problem of harmonics has become the main disadvantage influence to power quality. Active Power Filter (APF), proved to be the most effective way to solve harmonics pollution, has been paid more and more concerns and researches.
In this thesis, we firstly discuss the principle of the APF, its circuit structure and its prospect. Then we choose single phase APF as a basic model, build the model structure in MATLAB through simulation and prove APF's ability of eliminating harmonic current in the grid and increasing the power factor as well.
Secondly, we select fast control chip TMS320F2812 as the data platform to achieve the detection of harmonic current and choose hysteresis as the control method. Then a prototype has been set. Through experiments, we can see the changes after APF has been put into the system.
At last, electric locomotive used APF has been designed, which is used to eliminate the harmonics caused by electric locomotive. Besides improve the power quality, we also analyze the energy-saving effect of APF. Therefore, the potential of APF has been explored in low-carbon power system.
引文
[1]凌季平,高沁翔.并联型电力有源滤波器的仿真研究.北京交通大学电气学院.2007.
[2]王兆安,杨君,刘进军.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿.北京：机械工业出版社,1998.
[3]吴竞昌,孙树勤,宋文南等.电力系统谐波.北京：水利电力出版社,1988.
[4]杨君,王兆安.三相电路谐波电流两种检测方法的对比研究.电工技术学报,1995(2)：43-48.
[5]王兆安,李民,卓放.瞬时无功功率理论和功率有源滤波器.90年代电工科技进步与发展学术年会论文集,北京,1991.
[6]张肇中.中国电力机车的研制与发展.中国科技史料,1998.
[7]时丽君,赵建国.有源电力滤波器在电能质量控制中的应用.电力系统及其自动化学报,2002,14(1).
[8]董文娟,王天虹,卓放.移相构造法在单相有源电力滤波器谐波电流检测中的应用.电源技术应用,2007.6.
[9]颜晓庆,王兆安.电力有源滤波器及其新发展.电工技术杂志,1998(4).
[10]杨君,王兆安.三相电路谐波电流两种检测方法的对比研究.电工技术学报.1995,10(2)：43-49报.
[11]杨君.谐波和无功电流检测方法及并联型电力有源滤波器的研究.西安交通大学博士学位论文,1996.
[12]田大强,蒋平,唐国庆.有源滤波器中数字低通滤波器设计及其实现.电工电能新技术.2003.22(7).
[13]王建良,崔桂梅,任永峰.并联型有源滤波器中电感值的计算.控制工程.2003(9).
[14]王耀北,闫英敏.单相逆变器智能功率模块应用电路设计.国外电子元器件.2006(3).
[15]陈勇,堵亮,宋宁华.软件滤波器的快速设计以及用C语言实现滤波器的功能.盐城工学院学报.2006.
[16]夏向阳,肖德祥.有源滤波装置中逆变电路的设计.长沙电力学院学报.2006.11.
[17]李爱英,程颖.基于三菱IPM模块的外围接口电路的设计.创意与实践.2008
[18]张军利.基于DSP的有源电力滤波器控制器.电测与仪表.2008.
[19]霍艳军,赵锦成,陈永利.组合式三相逆变器用IPM应用电路设计.自动测量与控制.2007.
[20]李广海,叶勇,蒋静坪.IPM驱动和保护电路的研究.自动化与仪器仪表.2003-12.
[21]李从飞,陈凡,刘涤尘.IPM使用过程中若干问题的研究.电气应用.2005.
[22]林其,郑本杭.有源逆变应用的研究.电气开关.1993
[23]H. Akagi. Trends in active power line conditioners. IEEE TransPowerElectron,1994(3).
[24]Masoud Karimi-Ghartemani, Hossein Mokhtari, M. Reza Iravani. A signal processing system for extraction of harmonics and reactive current of single-phase system. IEEE Transactions On Power Delivery. VOL 19.2004.
[25]Krzysztof Piot Sozanski. The Shunt Active Power Filter with Better Dynamic Performance. Power Technology 2007.
[26]L. R. Limongi, R. Bojoi, G. Griva and A. Tenconi. New Control Scheme for Single-PhaseActive Power Filters.IEEE.2006.
[27]程浩中.谐波标准及其管理.低压电器.2007(14).
[28]莫青,孙浩良.IEC标准中设备谐波电流限值的依据及推导.电网技术.2000.
[29]赵巍.基于DPS的混合有源电力滤波系统的研制.中南大学硕士学位论文.
[30]张桂斌,王广柱,魏殿杰.有源电力滤波器综述.山东电力技术,1998.
[31]周洪亮.有源电力滤波控制技术的研究及应用,博士学位论文,2002.
[32]赵欣.基于DFACTS的电牵引负荷谐波抑制.大连理工大学硕士学位论文.
[33]陈立功.一种基于TMS320F2812的数字滤波器的快速设计方法.国外电子测量技术.2008.
[34]王飞.基于DSP技术的ⅡR数字滤波器的设计.科技资讯.2006.
[35]冷建华,李萍.数字信号处理.国防工业出版社.2002.
[36]谭浩强.C语言程序设计(第四版).北京：清华大学出版社.2003.
[37]尹勇,欧光军,关荣峰.DSP集成开发环境CCS使用指南.北京航空航天大学大学出版社.2003.
[38]薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用.清华大学出版社.2006.
[39]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术(第四版).机械工业出版社.2003.
[40]万山明TMS320F281XDSP原理及应用实例.北京航空航天出版社.2006.
[2]王兆安,杨君,刘进军.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿.北京：机械工业出版社,1998.
[3]吴竞昌,孙树勤,宋文南等.电力系统谐波.北京：水利电力出版社,1988.
[4]杨君,王兆安.三相电路谐波电流两种检测方法的对比研究.电工技术学报,1995(2)：43-48.
[5]王兆安,李民,卓放.瞬时无功功率理论和功率有源滤波器.90年代电工科技进步与发展学术年会论文集,北京,1991.
[6]张肇中.中国电力机车的研制与发展.中国科技史料,1998.
[7]时丽君,赵建国.有源电力滤波器在电能质量控制中的应用.电力系统及其自动化学报,2002,14(1).
[8]董文娟,王天虹,卓放.移相构造法在单相有源电力滤波器谐波电流检测中的应用.电源技术应用,2007.6.
[9]颜晓庆,王兆安.电力有源滤波器及其新发展.电工技术杂志,1998(4).
[10]杨君,王兆安.三相电路谐波电流两种检测方法的对比研究.电工技术学报.1995,10(2)：43-49报.
[11]杨君.谐波和无功电流检测方法及并联型电力有源滤波器的研究.西安交通大学博士学位论文,1996.
[12]田大强,蒋平,唐国庆.有源滤波器中数字低通滤波器设计及其实现.电工电能新技术.2003.22(7).
[13]王建良,崔桂梅,任永峰.并联型有源滤波器中电感值的计算.控制工程.2003(9).
[14]王耀北,闫英敏.单相逆变器智能功率模块应用电路设计.国外电子元器件.2006(3).
[15]陈勇,堵亮,宋宁华.软件滤波器的快速设计以及用C语言实现滤波器的功能.盐城工学院学报.2006.
[16]夏向阳,肖德祥.有源滤波装置中逆变电路的设计.长沙电力学院学报.2006.11.
[17]李爱英,程颖.基于三菱IPM模块的外围接口电路的设计.创意与实践.2008
[18]张军利.基于DSP的有源电力滤波器控制器.电测与仪表.2008.
[19]霍艳军,赵锦成,陈永利.组合式三相逆变器用IPM应用电路设计.自动测量与控制.2007.
[20]李广海,叶勇,蒋静坪.IPM驱动和保护电路的研究.自动化与仪器仪表.2003-12.
[21]李从飞,陈凡,刘涤尘.IPM使用过程中若干问题的研究.电气应用.2005.
[22]林其,郑本杭.有源逆变应用的研究.电气开关.1993
[23]H. Akagi. Trends in active power line conditioners. IEEE TransPowerElectron,1994(3).
[24]Masoud Karimi-Ghartemani, Hossein Mokhtari, M. Reza Iravani. A signal processing system for extraction of harmonics and reactive current of single-phase system. IEEE Transactions On Power Delivery. VOL 19.2004.
[25]Krzysztof Piot Sozanski. The Shunt Active Power Filter with Better Dynamic Performance. Power Technology 2007.
[26]L. R. Limongi, R. Bojoi, G. Griva and A. Tenconi. New Control Scheme for Single-PhaseActive Power Filters.IEEE.2006.
[27]程浩中.谐波标准及其管理.低压电器.2007(14).
[28]莫青,孙浩良.IEC标准中设备谐波电流限值的依据及推导.电网技术.2000.
[29]赵巍.基于DPS的混合有源电力滤波系统的研制.中南大学硕士学位论文.
[30]张桂斌,王广柱,魏殿杰.有源电力滤波器综述.山东电力技术,1998.
[31]周洪亮.有源电力滤波控制技术的研究及应用,博士学位论文,2002.
[32]赵欣.基于DFACTS的电牵引负荷谐波抑制.大连理工大学硕士学位论文.
[33]陈立功.一种基于TMS320F2812的数字滤波器的快速设计方法.国外电子测量技术.2008.
[34]王飞.基于DSP技术的ⅡR数字滤波器的设计.科技资讯.2006.
[35]冷建华,李萍.数字信号处理.国防工业出版社.2002.
[36]谭浩强.C语言程序设计(第四版).北京：清华大学出版社.2003.
[37]尹勇,欧光军,关荣峰.DSP集成开发环境CCS使用指南.北京航空航天大学大学出版社.2003.
[38]薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用.清华大学出版社.2006.
[39]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术(第四版).机械工业出版社.2003.
[40]万山明TMS320F281XDSP原理及应用实例.北京航空航天出版社.2006.