并联电容器在电网中的配置分析
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摘要
系统网损主要集中在中、低压电网中,采用并联电容器进行无功补偿是减少网损提高效益的主要手段,本论文主要从网损、经济性方面出发,研究10kV及以下电压等级并联电容器补偿容量、位置的配置及优化。
     目前,并联电容器在实际工程中的位置主要根据运行、维护方便来确定。配置的效果主要根据电压是否达到国家标准来判断。
     本文从工程实际出发,把多年工作经验与控制理论结合起来,力求为设计及运行管理人员提供简便实用的配置方法及程序,并运用控制理论对无功补偿容量、位置进行优化,力求能得到把理论性和实用性结合起来的方法和程序。
     主要解决以下问题并形成结果:
     1)从实用性出发,对工程中常见设计错误进行举例、修正;针对目前工程通用的三种补偿方法进行分析,总结工作经验,提出具体配置原则;并对补偿的不同目标(电压、功率因素)进行基于Visual Foxpro的软件编程。用于工程实践,结果表明:此软件具有良好的实用性,获得较好的效果。
     2)结合多年工作经验和一些经典控制理论对几种典型负荷网络的补偿容量、补偿位置进行优化,寻求比较实用、可行的结论,并对其进行基于MATLAB的仿真,证明其正确性、可行性,使其具有更广的应用性。
     3)考虑到中、低压线路的复杂性特点,通过电阻率、电流密度换算成均匀线路与电流的关系,用等面积法则进行无功补偿优化;并进行基于C语言的软件编程。用于工程实践中,反馈结果比较理想。
     4)考虑到电容器容量、补偿位置的离散性及投资的影响,引进离散控制理论中的动态规划法进行探讨。
The loss of electric network is mainly in the network of intermediate voltage and network of low voltage. It is the main way to decrease in loss and improve benefit that shunt capacitor is used in reactive compensation. The mostly content of the thesis is disposition and optimization of Capacity and location.
    At the present time, where to set shunt capacitor is based on it where to benefit overhaul and running. The criterion is whether the voltage acheieves the national standard.
    It is based on engineering actuality and tries gaining more practical ways and program by linking theory with practice. It hopes to come to a sententious conclusion by optimizing location and capacity of reactive compensation.
    The main contributions of the thesis as follow:
    1) It introduces the three current ways and corrects the habitual errors in engineering at present. It sums up experience and puts forwards to disposing fundamentals .The software is programmed for different objective function by Visual FoxPro and has been used in practice.
    2) Linking the classical control theory with practice, it tries drawing a sententious and practical conclusion by optimization. Correctness is proved by emulation with Robust Toolbox of MATLAB.
    3) In view of the complicacy of the circuits, it optimizes reactive compensation by Equivalent area theorem and programs by C. It has been used in practice and gets good benefit.
    4) Considering the discreteness of reactive compensation and the influence by the cost, it introduces dynamic programming which belongs to optimum control of discrete systems into reactive compensation.
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