基于S变换的暂态电能质量的研究
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摘要
随着电能质量敏感设备应用的快速增加,暂态电能质量问题已受到电力部门与用户的极大关注。暂态电能质量问题已成为电能质量检测和分析的研究重点,探讨和研究如何准确地检测出扰动和正确地进行分类识别的方法是其核心内容,也是构建完整的电能质量监测系统的必要步骤和进一步进行电能质量控制的前提条件。
本文针对暂态电能质量问题,分析了基于不同方法的暂态电能质量扰动的研究现状,对各类暂态电能质量扰动特性及起因进行了综合分析,提出了基于S变换的暂态电能质量扰动的检测方法、分类识别方法和电压暂降源的辨识方法。
论文以LabVIEW7.0为仿真平台,通过对各类扰动信号经S变换的统计信息图的仿真分析,提取特征参数,构造简单的规则树,依据“数据预处理—提取特征—规则树—输出结果”的流程实现了对常见的十种暂态电能质量扰动的自动检测与分类;通过对不同扰动源引起的电压暂降波形的分析,基于S变换提取扰动特征,实现了对七类电压暂降源的自动识别。
仿真结果表明基于S变换的暂态电能质量扰动的检测方法对常见的各类暂态电能质量扰动可以实现快速、准确的检测;基于S变换的暂态电能质量扰动的分类方法识别正确率高,识别的扰动类型多,抗噪声能力较强,且规则树简单,易于实现;电压暂降源的辨识方法具有良好的识别能力。
With the rapid increasing of devices sensitive to power quality, More and more attentions are paid to transient power quality problems by power unit and consumers. The study of transient power quality problems takes important part in the detection and analyzing of power quality. So discussing that how to detect and classify the power quality disturbances automatically and accurately is the core point of the problems, it’s also the necessary process to construct integrated power quality monitoring system and the premise to control power quality problems.
This paper reviews the methods used in transient power quality disturbance analysis firstly, and secondly, that the characteristics and the causes of different transient power quality disturbance are analyzed in detail. Thirdly, based on the S-transform, that the detection, classification methods and the classification method of the voltage sag sources in transient power quality disturbance are proposed.
Based on LabVIEW7.0, the paper achieves the automatic detection and classification of ten kinds of transient power quality disturbances by using of constructing simple rule-based tree after the analysis of various disturbances S-transform statistical information, and its process is“data processing– extracting characteristics– rule-based tree– outputting the result”. Then the work of the automatic classification of seven kinds of voltage sag sources is realized, by means of the wave graph analysis of various disturbance sources and the excellent extracting characteristics based on the S-transform.
The results of simulation show that the detection method proposed could detect various transient power quality disturbances quickly and correctly; the classification method possesses high recognition rate, recognizing more kinds of disturbances, strong resistance to noises, simple rule-based classification tree and also is easy to be achieved; the classification method of the sources of voltage sag is effective.
本文针对暂态电能质量问题,分析了基于不同方法的暂态电能质量扰动的研究现状,对各类暂态电能质量扰动特性及起因进行了综合分析,提出了基于S变换的暂态电能质量扰动的检测方法、分类识别方法和电压暂降源的辨识方法。
论文以LabVIEW7.0为仿真平台,通过对各类扰动信号经S变换的统计信息图的仿真分析,提取特征参数,构造简单的规则树,依据“数据预处理—提取特征—规则树—输出结果”的流程实现了对常见的十种暂态电能质量扰动的自动检测与分类;通过对不同扰动源引起的电压暂降波形的分析,基于S变换提取扰动特征,实现了对七类电压暂降源的自动识别。
仿真结果表明基于S变换的暂态电能质量扰动的检测方法对常见的各类暂态电能质量扰动可以实现快速、准确的检测;基于S变换的暂态电能质量扰动的分类方法识别正确率高,识别的扰动类型多,抗噪声能力较强,且规则树简单,易于实现;电压暂降源的辨识方法具有良好的识别能力。
With the rapid increasing of devices sensitive to power quality, More and more attentions are paid to transient power quality problems by power unit and consumers. The study of transient power quality problems takes important part in the detection and analyzing of power quality. So discussing that how to detect and classify the power quality disturbances automatically and accurately is the core point of the problems, it’s also the necessary process to construct integrated power quality monitoring system and the premise to control power quality problems.
This paper reviews the methods used in transient power quality disturbance analysis firstly, and secondly, that the characteristics and the causes of different transient power quality disturbance are analyzed in detail. Thirdly, based on the S-transform, that the detection, classification methods and the classification method of the voltage sag sources in transient power quality disturbance are proposed.
Based on LabVIEW7.0, the paper achieves the automatic detection and classification of ten kinds of transient power quality disturbances by using of constructing simple rule-based tree after the analysis of various disturbances S-transform statistical information, and its process is“data processing– extracting characteristics– rule-based tree– outputting the result”. Then the work of the automatic classification of seven kinds of voltage sag sources is realized, by means of the wave graph analysis of various disturbance sources and the excellent extracting characteristics based on the S-transform.
The results of simulation show that the detection method proposed could detect various transient power quality disturbances quickly and correctly; the classification method possesses high recognition rate, recognizing more kinds of disturbances, strong resistance to noises, simple rule-based classification tree and also is easy to be achieved; the classification method of the sources of voltage sag is effective.
引文
[1] 电能质量 供电电压允许偏差 GB 12325-1990 电能质量 公用电网谐波 GB/T 14549-1993 电能质量 三相电压允许不平衡度 GB/T 15543-1995 电能质量 电力系统频率允许偏差 GB/T 15945-1995 电能质量 电压波动和闪变 GB/T 12326-2000 电能质量 暂时过电压和瞬态过电压 GB/T 18481-2001
[2] 胡铭,陈布.电能质量及其分析方法综述电网技术,2000, 24(2): 36~38.
[3] 张斌,刘晓川.许之晗.基于变换的电能质量分析方法.电网技术,2001, 25(1): 26~29
[4] N. kolcio, J. A. Halladay, G D. Allen et al. Transient Over voltages and Over currents on 12.47KV Distribution Lines: Computer Modeling Results. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1993, 8(1): 359~366.
[5] Emmanouil Styvaktakis, Math H. J. Bollen, Irene Y. H. Gu. Classification of Power System Transients: Synchronised Switching. Proceedings of IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, Singapore, 2000, Vo1.4: 2681~2686.
[6] L. Tang, M. McGranaghan, R. Ferraro et al. Voltage Notching Interaction Caused by Large Adjustable Speed Drives on Distribution Systems with Low Short Circuit Capacities. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1996, 11(3):1444~1453.
[7] G C. Montanari, M. Loggini, A. Cavallini et al. Arc-Furnace Model for the Study of Flicker Compensation in Electrical Networks. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1994, 9(4): 2026~2036.
[8] Frank E. Menter, Leonid Grcev. EMTP-based Model for Grounding System Analysis. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1994, 9(4): 1838~1849.
[9] Mladen Kezunovic. Automated Analysis of Voltage Sags, Their Causes and Impacts. Proceedings of IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, Vancouver, BC Canada, 2001, Vol.2: 1113~1117.
[10] Mauricio Aredes, Edson H. Watanabe. New Control Algorithms for Series and Shunt Three-Phase Four-Wire Active Power Filters. IEEE Transactions onPower Delivery, 1995, 10(3): 1649~1656.
[11] Adam Semlyen, Aurelio Medina. Computation of the Periodic Steady State in Systems With Nonlinear Components Using a Hybrid Time and Frequency Domain Methodology. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1995, 10(3):1498~1504.
[12] 徐永海,肖湘宁.杨以涵等.小波变换在电能质量分析中的应用.电力系统自动化,1999, 23(23): 55~58.
[13] 陈警众,电能质量讲座 第一讲 电能质量的常规要求[J]供用电,2000, (03).
[14] 胡铭.小波变换与神经网络技术在电能质量分析中的应用研究:[博士学位论文],南京;东南大学,2001.
[15] Fusheng Zhang, Zhongxing Geng, Wei Yuan. The Algorithm of Interpolating Windowed FFT for Harmonic Analysis of Electric Power System. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2001, 16(2): 160~164.
[16] 庞浩,李东霞.俎云霄等.应用 FFT 进行电力系统谐波分析的改进算法.中国电机工程学报,2003, 23(6):50~54.
[17] 赵淑红.时频分析方法及其在地震数据处理中的应用:[博士学位论文],西安;长安大学,2006.
[18] Gu.YH, Bollen, HJ. Time-frequency and time-scale domain analysis of voltage disturbances [J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,2000,15(4):1279~1284.
[19] 赵成勇,何明峰,基于特定频带的短时傅里叶分析[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(14): 41~44.
[20] Santos S, Powers E J, Grady W M. Electric power quality disturbance detection using wavelet transform analysis. International Symposium on Time-frequency and Time-Scale Analysis. Philadelphia, PA, USA, IEEE-SP, 1994: 166~169
[21] Oliver Poisson, Pascal Rioual, Michel Meunier. Detection and Measurement of Power Quality Disturbances Using Wavelet transform. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2000,15(3): 1039~1044.
[22] L. Angrisani, P. Daponte, M. D’ Apuzzo. A Method for The Automatic Detection and Measurement of Transients. Part 11: Applications Measurement, 1999,25(1):31~40
[23] 马振国,李鹏,杨以涵等.基于小波多分辨率分析法的电能质量检测.华北电力大学学报.2003,30(3): 13~16.
[24] S. Santoso, E. J. Powers, W. M. Grady. Power Quality Disturbane Data Compression Using Wavelet Transform Methods. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1997,12(3): 1250~1256.
[25] Hong-Tzer Yang, Chiung-Chou Liao. A De-Noising Scheme for Enhancing Wavelet-Based Power Quality Monitoring System. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2001,16(3): 353~360.
[26] Surya Santoso, Edward J. Powers, W. Mack Grady et al. Power Quality Disturbances Waveform Recognition Using Wavelet-Based Neural Classifier-Part 2: TheoreticalFoundation. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2000,15(1): 229~235.
[27] 张智远,李庚银,冯任卿. 基于小波和进化网络的电能质量动态扰动自动识别. 华北电力大学学报,2002,29(3): 1~4.
[28] Stockwell R G, Mansinha L, Lowe R P. Localization of the complex spectrum: the S transform. IEEE Trans. On Signal Processing, 1996,44(4): 998~1001.
[29] Dash P K, Panigrahi B K, Panda G. Power quality analysis using S-transform. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, 2003,18(2): 406~411.
[30]刘守亮,肖先勇. 基于 S 变换的短时电能质量扰动检测与分类[J].四川电力技术, 2005 年增刊:40-42,47.
[31] 吕干云, 程浩忠.基于 S 变换和多级 SVM 的电能质量扰动检测识别[J].电工技术,2006, 21(1):121-126.
[32] Chilukuri M V, Dash P K. Multiresolution S-transform-based fuzzy recognition system for power quality events[J]. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, 2004,19(1): 323~330.
[33] 赵凤展,杨仁刚. 基于 S 变换和时域分析的电能质量扰动识别[J].电网技术,2006, 30(15): 90~94,100.
[34] 李天云,赵妍,李楠等.电能质量检测新方法.中国电机工程学报,2005, 25(17 ): 52~56.
[35] 岳蔚,刘沛.基于数学形态学消噪的电能质量扰动检测方法.电力系统自动化,2002, 26 (7): 13~17.
[36] 束洪春,王晶,陈学允.动态电能质量扰动的多刻度形态学分析.中国电机工程学报,2004, 24 (4):63~67
[37] 徐永海,肖湘宁,杨以涵,等.基于 d-q 变换和 ANN 的电能质量扰动辨识..电力系统自动化,2001,14(1):24-27.
[38] T. K. Abdel-Galil, E. F. E1-Saadany, A. M. Youssef et al. On-line Disturbance Recognition Utilizing Vector Quantization Based Fast Match. Proceedings of IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2002, Vo1.2: 1027~1032.
[39] Z. Chen, P Urwin. Power Quality Detection and Classification Using Digital Filters, Proceedings of IEEE Porto Power Tech Conference, Porto, Portugal, 2001,Vol.l:6.
[40] L. I. Eguiluz, M. Manana, J. C. Lavandero. Disturbance Classification Based on the Geometrical Properties of Signal Phase-Space Representation. Proceedings of International Conference on Power System Technology, Perth, WA Australia, 2000, Vo1.3: 1601~1604.
[41] T. A. Hoang, D. T. Nguyen. Matching Pursuit for the Recognition of Power Quality Disturbances. Proceedings of IEEE Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference,airns, Qld. Australia, 2002, Vol.4: 1791~1796.
[42] Mladen Kezunovic, Yuan iao. New ethod for lassification and Characterization of Voltage Sags. Electric Power Systems Research, 2001, 58(1): 27~35.
[43] P. K. Dash, A. C. Liew, M. M. A. Salama et crl. A New Approach to Identification of Transient Power Quality Problems Using Linear Combiners. Electric Power Systems Research, 1999, 51(1): 1~11.
[44] P.K.Dash, M.V.Chilukuri, B.K.Panigrahi.Power Quality Analysis and Classification Using A Generalized Phase Corrected Wavelet Transform. Proceedings of International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives, 2002:610~615.
[45] Qu yangsen, Song Zhengxiang, Wang Jianhua et al. Application of LVQ Neural Networks Combined with Genetic Algorithm in Power Quality Signals Classification, Proceeding of Power System Technology, Kunming, China, 2002, Vol.l:491~495.
[46] A. M. Youssef, T. K. Abdel-Galil, E. F. EI-Saadany et al. Disturbance Classification Utilizing Dynamic Time Warping Classifier. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2004, 19(1): 272~278.
[47] Emmanouil S, Bollen Math H J, Gu Irene Y H.Classification of power system events: voltage dips[C].IEEE ICHQP IX, Orlando, USA, IEEE/PES, 2000:745-750.
[48] Bollen Math H J, Emmanouil S. Characterization of three-phase unbalanced dips (as easy as one-two-three) [C]. IEEE ICHQP IX, Orlando, USA, IEEE/PES, 2000: 81-86.
[49] Zhang Lidong, Bollen Math H J. Characteristic of voltage dips (sags) in power system [J]. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, 2000, 15(2): 827-832.
[2] 胡铭,陈布.电能质量及其分析方法综述电网技术,2000, 24(2): 36~38.
[3] 张斌,刘晓川.许之晗.基于变换的电能质量分析方法.电网技术,2001, 25(1): 26~29
[4] N. kolcio, J. A. Halladay, G D. Allen et al. Transient Over voltages and Over currents on 12.47KV Distribution Lines: Computer Modeling Results. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1993, 8(1): 359~366.
[5] Emmanouil Styvaktakis, Math H. J. Bollen, Irene Y. H. Gu. Classification of Power System Transients: Synchronised Switching. Proceedings of IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, Singapore, 2000, Vo1.4: 2681~2686.
[6] L. Tang, M. McGranaghan, R. Ferraro et al. Voltage Notching Interaction Caused by Large Adjustable Speed Drives on Distribution Systems with Low Short Circuit Capacities. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1996, 11(3):1444~1453.
[7] G C. Montanari, M. Loggini, A. Cavallini et al. Arc-Furnace Model for the Study of Flicker Compensation in Electrical Networks. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1994, 9(4): 2026~2036.
[8] Frank E. Menter, Leonid Grcev. EMTP-based Model for Grounding System Analysis. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1994, 9(4): 1838~1849.
[9] Mladen Kezunovic. Automated Analysis of Voltage Sags, Their Causes and Impacts. Proceedings of IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, Vancouver, BC Canada, 2001, Vol.2: 1113~1117.
[10] Mauricio Aredes, Edson H. Watanabe. New Control Algorithms for Series and Shunt Three-Phase Four-Wire Active Power Filters. IEEE Transactions onPower Delivery, 1995, 10(3): 1649~1656.
[11] Adam Semlyen, Aurelio Medina. Computation of the Periodic Steady State in Systems With Nonlinear Components Using a Hybrid Time and Frequency Domain Methodology. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1995, 10(3):1498~1504.
[12] 徐永海,肖湘宁.杨以涵等.小波变换在电能质量分析中的应用.电力系统自动化,1999, 23(23): 55~58.
[13] 陈警众,电能质量讲座 第一讲 电能质量的常规要求[J]供用电,2000, (03).
[14] 胡铭.小波变换与神经网络技术在电能质量分析中的应用研究:[博士学位论文],南京;东南大学,2001.
[15] Fusheng Zhang, Zhongxing Geng, Wei Yuan. The Algorithm of Interpolating Windowed FFT for Harmonic Analysis of Electric Power System. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2001, 16(2): 160~164.
[16] 庞浩,李东霞.俎云霄等.应用 FFT 进行电力系统谐波分析的改进算法.中国电机工程学报,2003, 23(6):50~54.
[17] 赵淑红.时频分析方法及其在地震数据处理中的应用:[博士学位论文],西安;长安大学,2006.
[18] Gu.YH, Bollen, HJ. Time-frequency and time-scale domain analysis of voltage disturbances [J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,2000,15(4):1279~1284.
[19] 赵成勇,何明峰,基于特定频带的短时傅里叶分析[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(14): 41~44.
[20] Santos S, Powers E J, Grady W M. Electric power quality disturbance detection using wavelet transform analysis. International Symposium on Time-frequency and Time-Scale Analysis. Philadelphia, PA, USA, IEEE-SP, 1994: 166~169
[21] Oliver Poisson, Pascal Rioual, Michel Meunier. Detection and Measurement of Power Quality Disturbances Using Wavelet transform. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2000,15(3): 1039~1044.
[22] L. Angrisani, P. Daponte, M. D’ Apuzzo. A Method for The Automatic Detection and Measurement of Transients. Part 11: Applications Measurement, 1999,25(1):31~40
[23] 马振国,李鹏,杨以涵等.基于小波多分辨率分析法的电能质量检测.华北电力大学学报.2003,30(3): 13~16.
[24] S. Santoso, E. J. Powers, W. M. Grady. Power Quality Disturbane Data Compression Using Wavelet Transform Methods. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1997,12(3): 1250~1256.
[25] Hong-Tzer Yang, Chiung-Chou Liao. A De-Noising Scheme for Enhancing Wavelet-Based Power Quality Monitoring System. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2001,16(3): 353~360.
[26] Surya Santoso, Edward J. Powers, W. Mack Grady et al. Power Quality Disturbances Waveform Recognition Using Wavelet-Based Neural Classifier-Part 2: TheoreticalFoundation. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2000,15(1): 229~235.
[27] 张智远,李庚银,冯任卿. 基于小波和进化网络的电能质量动态扰动自动识别. 华北电力大学学报,2002,29(3): 1~4.
[28] Stockwell R G, Mansinha L, Lowe R P. Localization of the complex spectrum: the S transform. IEEE Trans. On Signal Processing, 1996,44(4): 998~1001.
[29] Dash P K, Panigrahi B K, Panda G. Power quality analysis using S-transform. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, 2003,18(2): 406~411.
[30]刘守亮,肖先勇. 基于 S 变换的短时电能质量扰动检测与分类[J].四川电力技术, 2005 年增刊:40-42,47.
[31] 吕干云, 程浩忠.基于 S 变换和多级 SVM 的电能质量扰动检测识别[J].电工技术,2006, 21(1):121-126.
[32] Chilukuri M V, Dash P K. Multiresolution S-transform-based fuzzy recognition system for power quality events[J]. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, 2004,19(1): 323~330.
[33] 赵凤展,杨仁刚. 基于 S 变换和时域分析的电能质量扰动识别[J].电网技术,2006, 30(15): 90~94,100.
[34] 李天云,赵妍,李楠等.电能质量检测新方法.中国电机工程学报,2005, 25(17 ): 52~56.
[35] 岳蔚,刘沛.基于数学形态学消噪的电能质量扰动检测方法.电力系统自动化,2002, 26 (7): 13~17.
[36] 束洪春,王晶,陈学允.动态电能质量扰动的多刻度形态学分析.中国电机工程学报,2004, 24 (4):63~67
[37] 徐永海,肖湘宁,杨以涵,等.基于 d-q 变换和 ANN 的电能质量扰动辨识..电力系统自动化,2001,14(1):24-27.
[38] T. K. Abdel-Galil, E. F. E1-Saadany, A. M. Youssef et al. On-line Disturbance Recognition Utilizing Vector Quantization Based Fast Match. Proceedings of IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2002, Vo1.2: 1027~1032.
[39] Z. Chen, P Urwin. Power Quality Detection and Classification Using Digital Filters, Proceedings of IEEE Porto Power Tech Conference, Porto, Portugal, 2001,Vol.l:6.
[40] L. I. Eguiluz, M. Manana, J. C. Lavandero. Disturbance Classification Based on the Geometrical Properties of Signal Phase-Space Representation. Proceedings of International Conference on Power System Technology, Perth, WA Australia, 2000, Vo1.3: 1601~1604.
[41] T. A. Hoang, D. T. Nguyen. Matching Pursuit for the Recognition of Power Quality Disturbances. Proceedings of IEEE Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference,airns, Qld. Australia, 2002, Vol.4: 1791~1796.
[42] Mladen Kezunovic, Yuan iao. New ethod for lassification and Characterization of Voltage Sags. Electric Power Systems Research, 2001, 58(1): 27~35.
[43] P. K. Dash, A. C. Liew, M. M. A. Salama et crl. A New Approach to Identification of Transient Power Quality Problems Using Linear Combiners. Electric Power Systems Research, 1999, 51(1): 1~11.
[44] P.K.Dash, M.V.Chilukuri, B.K.Panigrahi.Power Quality Analysis and Classification Using A Generalized Phase Corrected Wavelet Transform. Proceedings of International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives, 2002:610~615.
[45] Qu yangsen, Song Zhengxiang, Wang Jianhua et al. Application of LVQ Neural Networks Combined with Genetic Algorithm in Power Quality Signals Classification, Proceeding of Power System Technology, Kunming, China, 2002, Vol.l:491~495.
[46] A. M. Youssef, T. K. Abdel-Galil, E. F. EI-Saadany et al. Disturbance Classification Utilizing Dynamic Time Warping Classifier. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2004, 19(1): 272~278.
[47] Emmanouil S, Bollen Math H J, Gu Irene Y H.Classification of power system events: voltage dips[C].IEEE ICHQP IX, Orlando, USA, IEEE/PES, 2000:745-750.
[48] Bollen Math H J, Emmanouil S. Characterization of three-phase unbalanced dips (as easy as one-two-three) [C]. IEEE ICHQP IX, Orlando, USA, IEEE/PES, 2000: 81-86.
[49] Zhang Lidong, Bollen Math H J. Characteristic of voltage dips (sags) in power system [J]. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, 2000, 15(2): 827-832.