电厂取排水问题的数值模拟及影响因素分析
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摘要
对于采用自然水面直流冷却的电厂,其取水口和排水口需合理布置,以期达到好的冷却效果。本文研究电厂冷却水取排水布置问题,重点是差位式布置方案及其比较。首先从理论上阐述了电厂取排水的基本原则,并分析了差位式、分列式和重叠式这三种主要取排水方式,接着用计算流体力学软件CFD对若干水域的差位式布置方式进行研究,得到差位式布置特性和一系列取水温升随参数的变化规律并分析了其中的原因。最后通过对差位式与分列式和重叠式的取水温升的对比,得出在特定水域差位式优于分列式和重叠式的结论。
For the power plants that adopt once-through cooling water system drawing cooling water from natural water space, it is important to arrange the inlet and the outlet for good cooling effect. In this paper, the cooling water projects in the power plants, especially differential method and its comparison with other methods, are investigated. The basic design principles of the cooling water intake-outlet methods are first presented theoretically, and some intake-outlet methods such as differential method, march-past method and eclipsed form method are analyzed. Then, the flowing characteristics of differential arrangement in some water area are analyzed and the effects of some main factors on inlet temperature are investigated. The laws of the inlet temperature varying with the parameters are obtained and the reasons for them are discussed. Finally, by comparing the inlet temperature of march-past method and the eclipsed form with that of differential method, the superiority of the latter are analyzed.
For the power plants that adopt once-through cooling water system drawing cooling water from natural water space, it is important to arrange the inlet and the outlet for good cooling effect. In this paper, the cooling water projects in the power plants, especially differential method and its comparison with other methods, are investigated. The basic design principles of the cooling water intake-outlet methods are first presented theoretically, and some intake-outlet methods such as differential method, march-past method and eclipsed form method are analyzed. Then, the flowing characteristics of differential arrangement in some water area are analyzed and the effects of some main factors on inlet temperature are investigated. The laws of the inlet temperature varying with the parameters are obtained and the reasons for them are discussed. Finally, by comparing the inlet temperature of march-past method and the eclipsed form with that of differential method, the superiority of the latter are analyzed.
引文
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[2] Kim C,Lee J.A three-dimensional PC-based hydrodynamic model using an ADI scheme.Coastal Engineering,1994,23:271～287
[3] 赵士清.长江口三维潮流数值模拟.水利水运研究,1985,1:8～20
[4] 刘桦,何友声等. 长江口水环境数值模拟研究. 水动力学研究与进展,2000,15 (1):17～30
[5] 窦振兴,杨连武.渤海湾三维潮流数值模拟.海洋学报,1993,15(5):1～15.
[6] Wang K H.Characterization on circulation and salinity change in Galveston Bay.J. Engrg.Mech,120,3,1994,557～579
[7] 宋志尧,薛鸿超等.潮汐动力场准三维数值模拟.海洋工程,1998,16(3):54～61
[8] 金海生,张书农.同时存在温度和盐度梯度的分层流的数值模拟.水动力学研究与进展,1991,6(4):72～78
[9] 华祖林,刘晓东.应用三维代数应力通量模型模拟分层流.河海大学学报,2001,29(2):1～7
[10] 胡振红,沈永明,郑永红,邱大洪.温度和盐度分层流的数值模拟.水科学进展,2001,12(4):440～444
[11] 江春波,马强,付清潭.二维温度分层流的数值模拟.水力发电,2003,29(2):24～26
[12] 李振海,李贵宝,姜爱春,杜霞.鸭河口电厂重叠式取排水口运行特性调查、观测与研究.水利水电技术,2003,34(9):59～65
[13] R.Greco,G.Bartoli,M.Di Natale.Diffusivity coefficients from field data of thermal discharge in Gariglianoriver. In:New trends in water and environmental engineering for safety and life,2000,36～37
[14] Xie Zuotao,Zhang Xiaofeng,Tan Guangming,Yang Fangli. Numerical simulation of 2d horizontal cooling water discharge in generalized curvilinear coordinate. Journal of Hydrodynamics,Ser.B,2006,18(1): 91～96
[15] 程友良,应博芬,范忠瑶,李欣.水域分层时电厂取水问题分析.见:朱德祥,鲁传敬,周连第,邵维文,段文洋,编.第七届全国水动力学学术会议暨第十九届全国水动力学研讨会文集.北京:海洋出版社,2005,1152～1156
[16] Ying Bo-fen,Cheng You-liang,Guan Ying.Numerical simulation of eclipsed form arrangement of water intake-outlet project in power plant.Proceedings of the Conferences of Global Chinese Scholars on Hydrodynamics,Shanghai University Press,2006,210～216
[17] 应博芬.电厂取排水问题的数值模拟及优化:[硕士学位论文].保定:华北电力大学,2006
[18] 岳钧堂.差位式理论及工程应用——感潮水域冷却水运动及工程布置研究.水利学报,1993,12:10～17
[19] 陈惠泉.沿海水域火/核电厂冷却水水工布置的优化原则和实践.海洋技术,1999,18(4):82～87
[20] 江洧.惠州 LNG 电厂冷却水工程数值模拟研究.广东水利水电,2001,8(4):10～13
[21] 江洧,林佑金,陆耀辉.惠州 LNG 电厂循环冷却水工程模型试验研究.人民珠江,2001,4:9～12
[22] 安金英,高铭山. 沙角发电基地取排水口工程布置浅析. 广东电力, 2002,15(3):58～60
[23] 李瑞生.沙角电厂冷却水工程模型试验研究及其特色.水利学报,1997,1(1):31～38
[24] 马健,孙东坡,张土乔等.潮汐弯道段取排水口温度场研究.水力发电学报, 2006,25(6):119～124
[25] 王鹏.火/核电厂冷却水在深水环境条件下出流问题的研究:[硕士学位论文]北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,2006
[26] 钟伟强,黄健东,陈灿辉.新会 LNG 电厂冷却水工程物理模型试验研究.水利水电工程设计,2007,(1):51～54
[27] 吴天胜,刘琼轶.阳西电厂冷却水工程物理模型试验研究.广东水利水电,2007,(1):7～11
[28] Makarov,I.I.,Zisman,S.L.On the peculiarities of water supply to thermal and nuclear power plants from stratified streams and reservoirs.International Symposium on Stratified Flows.Novosibirsk,1972
[29] Jirka,Gerhard H.,Johnson,R.Peter,Sargent,Frank E.Radial source-sink flow in stratified ocean.ASCE J Hydraul Div,1981,107(12):1631～1650
[30] I.Kokaji.The present status for thermal discharge of nuclear power plant.Progress in Nuclear Energy,1995,29:413～420
[31] Zeng Ping,Chen Huiquan,Ao Baichuan,Ji Ping,Wang Xiaojian,Ou Zhiliang. Transport of waste heat from a nuclear power plant into coastal water.Coastal Engineering,2002,44:301～319
[32] T.G.Ringger.Investigations of impingement of aquatic organisms at the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant,1975-1995.Environmental Science & Policy,2000,3:261～273
[33] John M.Hamrick,William B.Mills.Analysis of water temperatures in Conowingo Pond as infuenced by the Peach Bottom atomic power plant thermal discharge. Environmental Science & Policy,2000,3:197～209
[34] 杨杰,续爱世,付弢.山西电网发电机组煤耗试验研究.华北电力技术,2001,7:1～5
[35] 贺益英.关于火、核电厂循环冷却水的余热利用问题.中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2004,2(4):315～320
[36] 沈士一,庄贺庆,康松,庞立云.汽轮机原理.北京:中国电力出版社,1992.210～216
[37] 康松,杨建明,胥建群.汽轮机原理.北京:中国电力出版社,2000.113～122
[38] 陈惠泉,岳钧堂,陈燕茹.我国电厂排取水口规划特色及其水力热力特性.水利学报,1993,10:1～11
[39] 时桂萱,刘良伟.火电厂冷却池热污染治理初探.中国环境科学,1997,17(5):478～480
[40] 时桂萱.温差异重流散热研讨.华北工学院学报,1998,19(3):207～210
[41] 时桂萱.无限长表面温差射流散热初探.山西科技,1998,2:42～43
[42] 易家训.分层流.北京:科学出版社,1983.39～42
[43] 陈惠泉,陈燕茹.二元温差出流的局部掺混.水利水电科学研究院科学研究论文集,第 17 集.北京:水利电力出版社,1984.120～138
[44] 陈惠泉,陈燕茹.重叠式排取水口的研究与实践.水利水电科学研究院科学研究论文集,第 17 集.北京:水利电力出版社,1984.49～85
[45] 雷泳.离心通风机蜗壳内流动特征及节能降噪研究:[硕士学位论文].保定:华北电力大学,2005
[46] 李勇,刘志友,安亦然.介绍计算流体力学通用软件——Fluent.水动力学研究与进展 A 辑,2001,16(2):254～258
[47] 刘霞,葛新锋.FLUENT 软件及其在我国的应用.能源研究与利用,2003,2:36～38
[48] 黄钰期.非结构网格差分求解方程和商用软件 Fluent 的应用:[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2003
[49] 韩占忠,王敬,兰小平.FLUENT 流体工程仿真计算实例与应用.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2004,19～26
[50] 王福军.计算流体动力学分析——CFD 软件原理与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2004,185～247
[51] 陶文铨.数值传热学.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2002.332～353
[52] 刘志昌.工程流体力学.天津:天津科学技术出版社,1995.132～133
[53] 王能家.河道排取水问题的 k-ε 方法数值模拟.水利水电科学研究院科学研究论文集,第 26 集.北京:水利电力出版社,1987.254～265
[54] 张红武,吕昕.北京:弯道水力学.水利电力出版社,1993.111～120
[55] 郝瑞霞,周力行,陈惠泉.冷却水工程中湍浮力射流的三维数值模拟.水动力学研究与进展 A 辑,1999,14(4):484～492
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