电网电压闪变测量技术研究
摘要
我国电能质量国家标准主要规定了五个指标—频率、谐波、电压偏差、电压三相不平衡及电压波动与闪变。近年来,依托电力电子技术发展起来的用电负荷日益增多,由于它们非线性、冲击性及不平衡的用电特性,造成诸多电能质量问题,电压波动与闪变就是其中之一。抑制电压波动与闪变,改善电能质量,必须首先对其进行准确测量和有效监视。但与频率、谐波、电压偏差、电压三相不平衡等电能质量问题相比,电压波动与闪变的检测较为复杂,研究相对不足,测量设备较少,因此,本文选择这一问题进行进一步研究。
闪变作为评定电能质量的重要指标,能更直接、更迅速地反映出电网的供电质量。在国内还没有很好的电压波动与闪变的数字处理方法,为此论文介绍了电压波动和闪变的基本概念、特征量,从电压波动信号的提取和闪变值的获得两方面系统地阐述了电压波动与闪变的检测原理,分析比较了现有测量方法和装置的特点和优劣。本文的一项重要工作就是依据IEC标准和电压波动与闪变国家标准,在对电压波动与闪变仿真的基础上研究电压波动与闪变测量的数字化实现方法,并对于闪变的评价指标短时间闪变严重度—P_(st),分析了三种计算方法。通过Matlab语言对其进行仿真研究,结果表明所提方法能很好满足IEC所提的精度要求,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性,并在LABVIEW环境下设计出数字式闪变仪。
Five items, with frequency, harmonics, voltage deviation and voltage fluctuation and flicker respectively, are included in the state standards of energy quality. With the development of power electronic technology, much nonlinear, impactive and imbalance load emerges in power system. As a result, power quality has deteriorated. The problem of voltage fluctuation and flicker, one issue of power quality, becomes more and more serious. To solve the problem and improve power quality, effective supervision and exact measurement is primary. However, compared with frequency, harmonics, voltage deviation, unbalance of three phases, voltage fluctuation and flicker are more complex to be detected, its research is relative to scarce, and the measuring devices are much less. Hence, some further research on measuring voltage fluctuation and flicker has been done in the paper.
As an important index to assess the energy quality, voltage flicker reflects the power supply quality more directly and quickly. The basic concepts and character values of voltage fluctuation and flicker are introduced firstly, and then the common methods of suppress the voltage fluctuation are discussed. Further more, the process of extracting voltage fluctuation signal and calculating flicker values is analyzed, and the principle of detecting voltage fluctuation and flicker is detailed. The analog system of the IEC flicker meter is simulated. Then the algorithm of digital system is studied and the digital design result is presented subsequently. In the paper three methods of calculating Short term flicker severity—P_(st) that is the flicker evaluation index are discussed. The result proved that the algorithm and method presented to be correct and acceptable. This makes it possible to continue the supervisory and measuring device.
闪变作为评定电能质量的重要指标,能更直接、更迅速地反映出电网的供电质量。在国内还没有很好的电压波动与闪变的数字处理方法,为此论文介绍了电压波动和闪变的基本概念、特征量,从电压波动信号的提取和闪变值的获得两方面系统地阐述了电压波动与闪变的检测原理,分析比较了现有测量方法和装置的特点和优劣。本文的一项重要工作就是依据IEC标准和电压波动与闪变国家标准,在对电压波动与闪变仿真的基础上研究电压波动与闪变测量的数字化实现方法,并对于闪变的评价指标短时间闪变严重度—P_(st),分析了三种计算方法。通过Matlab语言对其进行仿真研究,结果表明所提方法能很好满足IEC所提的精度要求,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性,并在LABVIEW环境下设计出数字式闪变仪。
Five items, with frequency, harmonics, voltage deviation and voltage fluctuation and flicker respectively, are included in the state standards of energy quality. With the development of power electronic technology, much nonlinear, impactive and imbalance load emerges in power system. As a result, power quality has deteriorated. The problem of voltage fluctuation and flicker, one issue of power quality, becomes more and more serious. To solve the problem and improve power quality, effective supervision and exact measurement is primary. However, compared with frequency, harmonics, voltage deviation, unbalance of three phases, voltage fluctuation and flicker are more complex to be detected, its research is relative to scarce, and the measuring devices are much less. Hence, some further research on measuring voltage fluctuation and flicker has been done in the paper.
As an important index to assess the energy quality, voltage flicker reflects the power supply quality more directly and quickly. The basic concepts and character values of voltage fluctuation and flicker are introduced firstly, and then the common methods of suppress the voltage fluctuation are discussed. Further more, the process of extracting voltage fluctuation signal and calculating flicker values is analyzed, and the principle of detecting voltage fluctuation and flicker is detailed. The analog system of the IEC flicker meter is simulated. Then the algorithm of digital system is studied and the digital design result is presented subsequently. In the paper three methods of calculating Short term flicker severity—P_(st) that is the flicker evaluation index are discussed. The result proved that the algorithm and method presented to be correct and acceptable. This makes it possible to continue the supervisory and measuring device.
引文
[1]严干贵,姜齐荣,梁旭.电能质量控制方法.见全国高等学校电力系统及其自动化专业第十六届学术年会论文集.2000:791-798.
[23 G.T.Heydt.Electric Power Quality.1991
[3]肖湘宁,徐永海,刘连光.供电系统电能质量[M].北京:华北电力大学出版社,2000
[4]孙树勤.电压波动与闪变(Voltage fluctuation and flicker)[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1999
[5]贺建闽,黄治清,李群湛.闪变仪研制及其在电气化铁道的应用[J].西南交通大学学报,2004.4,39(2):217-221
[6]高师湃,李群湛,贺建闽.闪变测量系统研究[J].电力自动化设备,2000,22(6)
[7]马玉龙,刘连光,张建华,等.IEC闪变测量原理的数字化实现方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(11)
[8]白先红,潘文霞,史林军.波动电压的检测方法与系数修正综述[J].电力自动化设备,2003,3(5)
[9]Krishnaswamy Srinivasan.Digital measurement of voltage flicker,IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.1991,6(4):1593-1598
[10]付卫.新型数字闪变仪的研制[D]:[清华大学硕士学位论文].北京:清华大学,1992
[11]赵学东,孙树勤.闪变仪中调制波的几种检波方法[J].电网技术,1996,52-54
[12]刘亚洲,李威,纪延超,柳焯.IEC闪变检测方法的数字化实现[J].继电器,2000.18-21,28
[13]IEC.61000.4.15.Flicker meter-functional and design specifications[S].IEC.1997
[14]肖湘宁.电能质量分析与控制[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2004
[15]白先红.IEC闪变仪的数字化实现的研究[D]:[河海大学硕士学位论文].南京:河海大学,2004
[16]同向前,余健明.电网电压中波动信号检出方法的研究[J].仪器仪表 学报,1998.6,19(3):234-238
[17]姚刚,赵成勇,邓霄云.基于虚拟仪器用于闪变计算的补偿迭代算法[J].电网技术,2004.5,28(10):63-65,75
[18]周文晖,李青,周兆经.采用小波多分辨率信号分解的电能质量检测[J].电工技术学报,2001.16(6):41-44
[19]M.T.Chen.Digital algorithms for measurement of voltage flicker.IEE Proc.Gener.Transm.Distrib,Vol.144,No.2,1997,March:175-180
[20]Giovanni Bucci,Edoardo Fiorucci,Daniele Gallo and Carmine Landi.Comparison Among Traditional and New Digital Instruments for the Measurement of the Light Flicker Effect.IMTC 2003,Vail,CO,USA May 2003:20-22,484-489
[21]J.Jatskevich.A Method of Evaluating Flicker and Flicker-Reduction Strategies in Power Systems.IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,Vol.13,No.4,0ctober 1998:1481-1487
[22]S.Mark Halpin.An Improved Simulation Approach for the Analysis of Voltage Flicker and the Evalution of Mitigation Strategies.IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.Vol.12,No.3,July 1997:1285-1291
[23]康伟.电压闪变测量方法的研究与实现[D]:[华北电力大学硕士学位论文].河北保定:华北电力大学,2003
[24]郭上华.电压波动与闪变微机检测方法的研究[D]:[湖南大学硕士学位论文].湖南长沙:湖南大学,2003
[25]IEC.Publication 868.Flickermeter-evaluation of flicker severity[S].
[26]W.Mombauer.Flicker Caused By Interharmonic.etz Archiv BD,12(1990)h,12s:391-396
[27]Krishnaswamy Srinivasan.Senior Member IEEE.Digital Measurement of Voltage Flicker.IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,Vol.6,No.4,October 1991:1593-1598
[28]电能质量技术丛书,第一分册——第五分册,中国电力出版社,1998
[29]中华人民共和国国家标准,五项电能质量标准
[30]陈警众,定制电力——高质量供电的新技术,供用电,1997(5,6)
[31]张丽霞,基于DSP的电能质量检测方法的研究[D],华北电力大学硕士学位论文2003
[32]杨淑英,电能质量检测装置的研究[D],华北电力大学硕士学位论文,1998
[33]石博强,赵德永,李畅等,LabVIEW6.1编程技术实用教程[M],中国铁道出版社,2002,1-15
[34]马玉龙,电能质量监测系统厂站装置的研究[D],硕士学位论文,华电电力大学(北京),2001.1
[35]Hung S,HsienCT.Application of continues wavelet transform for study of voltage flicker-genernted signals[J].IEEE Trans.on Aerospace and Electric Systems,2000,36(3):925-932.
[36]Chen M T,Meliopulos A P S.Wavelet-based algorithm for voltage flicker analysis[J].Proceeding of the Ninth Intema~on Confemnce on Harmonics and Quality of Power,2000,12(8):56-63.
[37]赵刚,施围,林海雪.闪变值计算方法研究[J].电网技术,2001,25(11):15-18.
[38]雷林绪.对电压波动闪变仪校验的一点看法[J].电网技术,1999,3(23):41-43.
[39]张志勇.掌握和精通MATLAB[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1997.
[40]刘君华,郭会军,等.基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[41]杨乐平,李海涛,赵勇,等.LabVIEW高级程序设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[42]李天云,赵妍,李楠,等.基于HHT的电能质量检测新方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(17):52-56.
[43]盖广洪.经验模态分解的一种改进算法[J].西安交通大学学报,2004,38(11):1999-1202.
[44]肖冰,梁军,路平,等.Hilber变换在电压闪变检测中的应用[J].继电器,2005,33(15):62-70.
[45]Gaouda.A.M,Salama.M.M.A,Sultan.M.R,Chikhani.A.Y.Pattern Recognition Application for Power System Disturbance Classification. IEEE Transactions on PowerDelivery, 2002,17(3) :677～683
[46] Gaouda. A. M, Salama. M. M. A, Sultan. M. R, Chikhani. A. Y. Power Quality Detectionand Classification Using Wavelet-Multiresolution Signal Decomposition. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1999,14(4) :1469～1476
[47] A.M.Dan. Identification of Flicker Sources. IEEE Harmonics and Quality of Power, 1998, 14(2): 1179-1.
[23 G.T.Heydt.Electric Power Quality.1991
[3]肖湘宁,徐永海,刘连光.供电系统电能质量[M].北京:华北电力大学出版社,2000
[4]孙树勤.电压波动与闪变(Voltage fluctuation and flicker)[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1999
[5]贺建闽,黄治清,李群湛.闪变仪研制及其在电气化铁道的应用[J].西南交通大学学报,2004.4,39(2):217-221
[6]高师湃,李群湛,贺建闽.闪变测量系统研究[J].电力自动化设备,2000,22(6)
[7]马玉龙,刘连光,张建华,等.IEC闪变测量原理的数字化实现方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(11)
[8]白先红,潘文霞,史林军.波动电压的检测方法与系数修正综述[J].电力自动化设备,2003,3(5)
[9]Krishnaswamy Srinivasan.Digital measurement of voltage flicker,IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.1991,6(4):1593-1598
[10]付卫.新型数字闪变仪的研制[D]:[清华大学硕士学位论文].北京:清华大学,1992
[11]赵学东,孙树勤.闪变仪中调制波的几种检波方法[J].电网技术,1996,52-54
[12]刘亚洲,李威,纪延超,柳焯.IEC闪变检测方法的数字化实现[J].继电器,2000.18-21,28
[13]IEC.61000.4.15.Flicker meter-functional and design specifications[S].IEC.1997
[14]肖湘宁.电能质量分析与控制[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2004
[15]白先红.IEC闪变仪的数字化实现的研究[D]:[河海大学硕士学位论文].南京:河海大学,2004
[16]同向前,余健明.电网电压中波动信号检出方法的研究[J].仪器仪表 学报,1998.6,19(3):234-238
[17]姚刚,赵成勇,邓霄云.基于虚拟仪器用于闪变计算的补偿迭代算法[J].电网技术,2004.5,28(10):63-65,75
[18]周文晖,李青,周兆经.采用小波多分辨率信号分解的电能质量检测[J].电工技术学报,2001.16(6):41-44
[19]M.T.Chen.Digital algorithms for measurement of voltage flicker.IEE Proc.Gener.Transm.Distrib,Vol.144,No.2,1997,March:175-180
[20]Giovanni Bucci,Edoardo Fiorucci,Daniele Gallo and Carmine Landi.Comparison Among Traditional and New Digital Instruments for the Measurement of the Light Flicker Effect.IMTC 2003,Vail,CO,USA May 2003:20-22,484-489
[21]J.Jatskevich.A Method of Evaluating Flicker and Flicker-Reduction Strategies in Power Systems.IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,Vol.13,No.4,0ctober 1998:1481-1487
[22]S.Mark Halpin.An Improved Simulation Approach for the Analysis of Voltage Flicker and the Evalution of Mitigation Strategies.IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.Vol.12,No.3,July 1997:1285-1291
[23]康伟.电压闪变测量方法的研究与实现[D]:[华北电力大学硕士学位论文].河北保定:华北电力大学,2003
[24]郭上华.电压波动与闪变微机检测方法的研究[D]:[湖南大学硕士学位论文].湖南长沙:湖南大学,2003
[25]IEC.Publication 868.Flickermeter-evaluation of flicker severity[S].
[26]W.Mombauer.Flicker Caused By Interharmonic.etz Archiv BD,12(1990)h,12s:391-396
[27]Krishnaswamy Srinivasan.Senior Member IEEE.Digital Measurement of Voltage Flicker.IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,Vol.6,No.4,October 1991:1593-1598
[28]电能质量技术丛书,第一分册——第五分册,中国电力出版社,1998
[29]中华人民共和国国家标准,五项电能质量标准
[30]陈警众,定制电力——高质量供电的新技术,供用电,1997(5,6)
[31]张丽霞,基于DSP的电能质量检测方法的研究[D],华北电力大学硕士学位论文2003
[32]杨淑英,电能质量检测装置的研究[D],华北电力大学硕士学位论文,1998
[33]石博强,赵德永,李畅等,LabVIEW6.1编程技术实用教程[M],中国铁道出版社,2002,1-15
[34]马玉龙,电能质量监测系统厂站装置的研究[D],硕士学位论文,华电电力大学(北京),2001.1
[35]Hung S,HsienCT.Application of continues wavelet transform for study of voltage flicker-genernted signals[J].IEEE Trans.on Aerospace and Electric Systems,2000,36(3):925-932.
[36]Chen M T,Meliopulos A P S.Wavelet-based algorithm for voltage flicker analysis[J].Proceeding of the Ninth Intema~on Confemnce on Harmonics and Quality of Power,2000,12(8):56-63.
[37]赵刚,施围,林海雪.闪变值计算方法研究[J].电网技术,2001,25(11):15-18.
[38]雷林绪.对电压波动闪变仪校验的一点看法[J].电网技术,1999,3(23):41-43.
[39]张志勇.掌握和精通MATLAB[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1997.
[40]刘君华,郭会军,等.基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[41]杨乐平,李海涛,赵勇,等.LabVIEW高级程序设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[42]李天云,赵妍,李楠,等.基于HHT的电能质量检测新方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(17):52-56.
[43]盖广洪.经验模态分解的一种改进算法[J].西安交通大学学报,2004,38(11):1999-1202.
[44]肖冰,梁军,路平,等.Hilber变换在电压闪变检测中的应用[J].继电器,2005,33(15):62-70.
[45]Gaouda.A.M,Salama.M.M.A,Sultan.M.R,Chikhani.A.Y.Pattern Recognition Application for Power System Disturbance Classification. IEEE Transactions on PowerDelivery, 2002,17(3) :677～683
[46] Gaouda. A. M, Salama. M. M. A, Sultan. M. R, Chikhani. A. Y. Power Quality Detectionand Classification Using Wavelet-Multiresolution Signal Decomposition. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1999,14(4) :1469～1476
[47] A.M.Dan. Identification of Flicker Sources. IEEE Harmonics and Quality of Power, 1998, 14(2): 1179-1.