永川供电网电能质量分析与改善策略及措施研究
摘要
随着电力系统的发展，电力生产正在由计划经济向市场经济转变，在电力市场条件下，供电表现为一种商业服务行为，电能作为一种商品，同其它商品一样具有质量属性，而用户对电能质量的要求越来越高。因此，保证良好的供电质量是电力市场的客观需要，同时，也是促进社会文明、安定的重要因素。
电能质量指的是电网中各点电压或电流的幅值与波形符合标准的程度，它的优劣由电网的结构和负荷的性质两个方面确定。随着电力电子技术的发展，电力系统中出现了大量非线性负荷，这些非线性负荷向电网注入大量的谐波电流并引起三相电压不对称。另外，电力系统中的冲击负荷也引起电压波动和闪变，不对称负荷引起三相电压不平衡。以上因素造成电能质量的下降，并严重影响了人们的正常生产和生活。
本文分析了电能质量下降的原因及其危害，介绍了目前国内外改善电能质量的若干种方法。作者还针对永川电网的电能质量现状进行了调查，分析了其电网结构，并对其电能质量进行了测量、计算，最后，在此基础上提出了改善永川电网电能质量的措施，以指导电网的规划、建设与管理，具有理论意义和重要的实用价值。
With the development of power system, the power product is turning from planned economy to market economy, in the power market, power supply behaves as a kind of financial service, being as a merchandise, power has quality like the other merchandises. The power user's demand for power quality is more and more higher. So ensuring power quality is an impersonal demand of power market, at the same time, is an important factor for promoting the civilization and stabilization of social.
Power quality presents the degree of magnitude and wave of the voltage or current of every point in the power system to meet the standards, it is confirmed by the construct of power system and the properties of loads. With the development of the technology the power electric, nonlinear loads have appeared in the power system, these nonlinear loads brought about a large amount of harmonic to the power system, and caused imbalance of three-hpase voltage. In addition, the impulse loads caused voltage wave and flink, and lopsided loads caused imbalance of three-hpase voltage. The above factors make the power quality declining, and have seriously influenced the normal production and living of people.
In this paper, the author analyzes the reasons and harm of decling of power quality, and produces several methods to promote power quality at present inland and abroad. The author investigated the current situation of power system of Yong chuan, analyzed the power system, measured and calculated its power quality, and finally put forwarded several measures to promote the power quality of Yong chuan's power system, so that to supervise the layout, construct and management of Yong chuan's power system, which has theoretical meanings and important factual value.
电能质量指的是电网中各点电压或电流的幅值与波形符合标准的程度，它的优劣由电网的结构和负荷的性质两个方面确定。随着电力电子技术的发展，电力系统中出现了大量非线性负荷，这些非线性负荷向电网注入大量的谐波电流并引起三相电压不对称。另外，电力系统中的冲击负荷也引起电压波动和闪变，不对称负荷引起三相电压不平衡。以上因素造成电能质量的下降，并严重影响了人们的正常生产和生活。
本文分析了电能质量下降的原因及其危害，介绍了目前国内外改善电能质量的若干种方法。作者还针对永川电网的电能质量现状进行了调查，分析了其电网结构，并对其电能质量进行了测量、计算，最后，在此基础上提出了改善永川电网电能质量的措施，以指导电网的规划、建设与管理，具有理论意义和重要的实用价值。
With the development of power system, the power product is turning from planned economy to market economy, in the power market, power supply behaves as a kind of financial service, being as a merchandise, power has quality like the other merchandises. The power user's demand for power quality is more and more higher. So ensuring power quality is an impersonal demand of power market, at the same time, is an important factor for promoting the civilization and stabilization of social.
Power quality presents the degree of magnitude and wave of the voltage or current of every point in the power system to meet the standards, it is confirmed by the construct of power system and the properties of loads. With the development of the technology the power electric, nonlinear loads have appeared in the power system, these nonlinear loads brought about a large amount of harmonic to the power system, and caused imbalance of three-hpase voltage. In addition, the impulse loads caused voltage wave and flink, and lopsided loads caused imbalance of three-hpase voltage. The above factors make the power quality declining, and have seriously influenced the normal production and living of people.
In this paper, the author analyzes the reasons and harm of decling of power quality, and produces several methods to promote power quality at present inland and abroad. The author investigated the current situation of power system of Yong chuan, analyzed the power system, measured and calculated its power quality, and finally put forwarded several measures to promote the power quality of Yong chuan's power system, so that to supervise the layout, construct and management of Yong chuan's power system, which has theoretical meanings and important factual value.
引文
[1]贺景亮，电力系统电磁兼容，水利电力出版社，1993．10．
[2]吴竟昌，供电系统谐波，中国电力出版社，1998．5．
[3]陈章潮，城市电网规划与改造，中国电力出版社，1998．5．
[4]贾清泉，电能质量及其模糊方法评价，电网技术，2000．6．：46-49．
[5]王兆安，谐波抑制和无功功率补偿，机械工业出版社，1998．9．
[6]John E F Reflecting customer needs in demand side management planning[J], IEEE Trans on PAS, 1985:104(8).
[7]胡铭，电能质量及其分析方法综述，电网技术，2000，2．：36-38．
[8]Dugan R C, Electrical power system quality[M], New York: MC Graw Hill, 1996.
[9]蒋平，供电系统谐波潮流的仿真分析，电力系统自动化，2000．4．：51-54．
[10]潘云洪，电力系统不对称谐波潮流的一种实用计算方法，电力系统自动化，2000．5．：60-62．
[11]Xu W, A multiphase harmonic load flow solution technique[J], IEEE Trans on Power System, 1991, 6(1): 174-182.
[12]串联型电能质量补偿器的实验研究，电力系统自动化，2001．2．：41-44
[13]Daubechies I, Ten lectures on wavelets[C], philadephia, Pennsylvania, SIAM Mathematical Analysis, 1992.
[14]Ribeiro P F, Wavelet transform: an advanced tool for analyzing non-stationary harmonic distortions in power system[C], Bologna, italy: Proceeding of IEEE CHPS, 1994.
[15]Santoso S, Power quality asseseement via wavelet transform analysis[J], IEEE Trans:on Power Delivery, 1996, 11(2): 924-930.
[16]Robertson C D, Wavelets and electromagnetic power system transients[J], IEEE Trans on Power Delevery, 1996, 11(2). 1050-1056.
[17]王群，谐波源与有源电力滤波器的补偿特性，中国电机工程学报，2001．2．
[18]谢运祥，电力有源滤波器及其应用技术的发展，电工技术杂志，2000．No．4：1-3．
[19]Z.P, Identification of harmonic sources of power system using state estimation, IEEE Proc.-Gener Trans Distrib, Vol. 146.No. 1.January 1999.
[20]蒋斌，单相电路瞬时谐波及无功电流实时检测新方法，电力系统自动化，2000．11．：35-38．
[21]陶骏，谐波及无功电流的检测方法的研究，电力系统自动化，2001．1．：31-33．
[22]Toshilihiko Tanaka, A new method of harmonic power detection beset on the instantaneous active power in three-phase circuit, IEEE PWRD, 1955, 10(4). 1737-1742.
[23]Key T S, Comparison of standards and power supply options for limiting harmonic distortion in power system, IEEE-IA, 1993, 29(4).
[24]钱照明，谐波抑制技术，电力系统自动化，1997．10．：48-54．
[25]翁俐民，配电网高次谐波抑制方法的分析，电力系统自动化设备，2000．6．：22-25．
[26]Wagner V E, Effects of harmonics on equipment, IEEE PWRD, 1993,8(2): 672-700.
[27]黄纯，谐波滤波、电压、无功综合控制装置的研制，电网技术，2000．3．：50-52．
[28]赵建锋，配电系统电能质量补偿装置主电路的研究，电网技术，2000．7．：44-48．
[29]刘观起，混合滤波系统中无源滤波器的参数优化设计软件包，电力系统自动化，2000．5．：56-59．
[30]邓红英，考虑谐波源随机性的有源滤波器最优配置，电力系统自动化，2000．6．：12-15．
[31]王群，电压型谐波源与串联型有源电力滤波器，电力系统自动化，2000．4．：30-35．
[32]Semlyen A, Computation of the periodic steady state in system with nonlinar components using a hybrid time and frequency domain methodology[J], IEEE Trans on Power System, 1995, 10(3): 1498-1504.
[33]Campos A, Analysis and design of a series compensator for three-phase unbalanced sources, IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics, 1996.
[34]Peng F Z, A new approach to harmonic compensation in power system-A combined system of shunt passive and series active filters, IEEE Trans on Ind App, 1996, 32(6).
[35]Clark W G, The concept of demand-side management for electric utilities[J], Proceedings of the IEEE, 1985, 73(10).
[36]中国国家标准GB/T 14549-93：电能质量 公用电网谐波，中国标准出版社，1993．
[37]韩英铎，信息电力与FACTS&DFACTS技术，清华大学学报，1997，No．8．15-19．
[38]马晓春，公用电网电能质量及其改善，华北电力技术，1998．12：11-14．
[39]重庆电网技术监督工作手册，重庆电力公司，1999．6．
[40]孙寄生，10kV环网供电技术研究及应用，湖北电力，1998．9：9-13．
[41]胡斌，电铁谐波的产生及湖北省电铁谐波情况，湖北电力，2000．12．
[42]雷宪章，利用电能质量调节器改善配电网络的电能质量，电网技术，2000．8：9-11．
[43]Pilay P, Application of wavelets to model short-term power system transients[J], IEEE Trans on Power System, 1996, 11(4): 2031-2037.
[44]Mallat S G, A theory for multi-resolution signal decomposition: the wavelet representation[J], IEEE Trans on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 11(7): 674-693.
[2]吴竟昌，供电系统谐波，中国电力出版社，1998．5．
[3]陈章潮，城市电网规划与改造，中国电力出版社，1998．5．
[4]贾清泉，电能质量及其模糊方法评价，电网技术，2000．6．：46-49．
[5]王兆安，谐波抑制和无功功率补偿，机械工业出版社，1998．9．
[6]John E F Reflecting customer needs in demand side management planning[J], IEEE Trans on PAS, 1985:104(8).
[7]胡铭，电能质量及其分析方法综述，电网技术，2000，2．：36-38．
[8]Dugan R C, Electrical power system quality[M], New York: MC Graw Hill, 1996.
[9]蒋平，供电系统谐波潮流的仿真分析，电力系统自动化，2000．4．：51-54．
[10]潘云洪，电力系统不对称谐波潮流的一种实用计算方法，电力系统自动化，2000．5．：60-62．
[11]Xu W, A multiphase harmonic load flow solution technique[J], IEEE Trans on Power System, 1991, 6(1): 174-182.
[12]串联型电能质量补偿器的实验研究，电力系统自动化，2001．2．：41-44
[13]Daubechies I, Ten lectures on wavelets[C], philadephia, Pennsylvania, SIAM Mathematical Analysis, 1992.
[14]Ribeiro P F, Wavelet transform: an advanced tool for analyzing non-stationary harmonic distortions in power system[C], Bologna, italy: Proceeding of IEEE CHPS, 1994.
[15]Santoso S, Power quality asseseement via wavelet transform analysis[J], IEEE Trans:on Power Delivery, 1996, 11(2): 924-930.
[16]Robertson C D, Wavelets and electromagnetic power system transients[J], IEEE Trans on Power Delevery, 1996, 11(2). 1050-1056.
[17]王群，谐波源与有源电力滤波器的补偿特性，中国电机工程学报，2001．2．
[18]谢运祥，电力有源滤波器及其应用技术的发展，电工技术杂志，2000．No．4：1-3．
[19]Z.P, Identification of harmonic sources of power system using state estimation, IEEE Proc.-Gener Trans Distrib, Vol. 146.No. 1.January 1999.
[20]蒋斌，单相电路瞬时谐波及无功电流实时检测新方法，电力系统自动化，2000．11．：35-38．
[21]陶骏，谐波及无功电流的检测方法的研究，电力系统自动化，2001．1．：31-33．
[22]Toshilihiko Tanaka, A new method of harmonic power detection beset on the instantaneous active power in three-phase circuit, IEEE PWRD, 1955, 10(4). 1737-1742.
[23]Key T S, Comparison of standards and power supply options for limiting harmonic distortion in power system, IEEE-IA, 1993, 29(4).
[24]钱照明，谐波抑制技术，电力系统自动化，1997．10．：48-54．
[25]翁俐民，配电网高次谐波抑制方法的分析，电力系统自动化设备，2000．6．：22-25．
[26]Wagner V E, Effects of harmonics on equipment, IEEE PWRD, 1993,8(2): 672-700.
[27]黄纯，谐波滤波、电压、无功综合控制装置的研制，电网技术，2000．3．：50-52．
[28]赵建锋，配电系统电能质量补偿装置主电路的研究，电网技术，2000．7．：44-48．
[29]刘观起，混合滤波系统中无源滤波器的参数优化设计软件包，电力系统自动化，2000．5．：56-59．
[30]邓红英，考虑谐波源随机性的有源滤波器最优配置，电力系统自动化，2000．6．：12-15．
[31]王群，电压型谐波源与串联型有源电力滤波器，电力系统自动化，2000．4．：30-35．
[32]Semlyen A, Computation of the periodic steady state in system with nonlinar components using a hybrid time and frequency domain methodology[J], IEEE Trans on Power System, 1995, 10(3): 1498-1504.
[33]Campos A, Analysis and design of a series compensator for three-phase unbalanced sources, IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics, 1996.
[34]Peng F Z, A new approach to harmonic compensation in power system-A combined system of shunt passive and series active filters, IEEE Trans on Ind App, 1996, 32(6).
[35]Clark W G, The concept of demand-side management for electric utilities[J], Proceedings of the IEEE, 1985, 73(10).
[36]中国国家标准GB/T 14549-93：电能质量 公用电网谐波，中国标准出版社，1993．
[37]韩英铎，信息电力与FACTS&DFACTS技术，清华大学学报，1997，No．8．15-19．
[38]马晓春，公用电网电能质量及其改善，华北电力技术，1998．12：11-14．
[39]重庆电网技术监督工作手册，重庆电力公司，1999．6．
[40]孙寄生，10kV环网供电技术研究及应用，湖北电力，1998．9：9-13．
[41]胡斌，电铁谐波的产生及湖北省电铁谐波情况，湖北电力，2000．12．
[42]雷宪章，利用电能质量调节器改善配电网络的电能质量，电网技术，2000．8：9-11．
[43]Pilay P, Application of wavelets to model short-term power system transients[J], IEEE Trans on Power System, 1996, 11(4): 2031-2037.
[44]Mallat S G, A theory for multi-resolution signal decomposition: the wavelet representation[J], IEEE Trans on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 11(7): 674-693.