500VA航空静止变流器的研制
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摘要
本文以两级式小功率三相航空静止变流器为主要研究对象,结合小功率逆变电源的特点,针对效率和小型化的问题,在深入理解各种拓扑特点的基础上,选择LLC谐振变换器为前级直直拓扑,高效可靠的三相双Buck逆变器为后级电路,并重点对双Buck电路作了深入的研究。
在简单介绍了几种谐振变换器的工作特性后,分析了LLC谐振变换器的工作原理,给出了LLC谐振变换器的谐振参数计算方法以及500W半桥LLC电路的设计实例,并进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,在本课题中从空载到满载LLC谐振电路都能实现零电压开通,变压器副边整流二极管可以实现零电流关断,实验结果表明该电路具有较高的效率。
双Buck逆变器是一种高效率的,高可靠性的电路,它不存在桥臂直通的问题,并且续流管和功率管可以分别单独优化设计。本文在介绍双Buck逆变器工作原理的基础上,研究了开关管工作频率和电路中输入电压、滤波电感及电流滞环宽度之间的关系,并提出了一种可以提高逆变器短路时电路可靠运行的方法,给出了仿真和实验验证。针对逆变器的两个滤波电感占电路体积重量大的问题,对逆变器两滤波电感进行了磁集成技术的研究。介绍了几种磁集成方法,并提出了一种新的磁集成方法。最后将两级联调,实现整机高效、稳定、可靠的运行。
The two-stage low power three-phase Aeronautical Static Inverter (ASI) is researched in this thesis. With the purpose to improve overall efficiency and realize low profile, the LLC resonant converter which has the characteristic of simple and high efficiency is employ as the front-end and the dual buck inverter which has the merits of high efficiency and high reliability is selected as the second stage, after taking a comprehensive investigation of different topologies and constructs.
The characteristics of several resonant converters are briefly introduced and the operation principles and characteristics of LLC resonant converter are analyzed. On presenting the methods of calculating the resonant parameters of the LLC resonant converter, a prototype of 500W half bridge LLC resonant converter is designed. Experimental results show that this circuit has a high efficiency in terms of zero-voltage turn-on of the main switches and zero-current turn-off of the secondary rectifier diodes are realized from no load to full load.
Compared with conventional half-bridge inverter, the dual buck inverter (DBI) overcomes the short-through problem, which greatly improves the overall reliability. Besides, the power switches and the power doides can be chosen separately and optimized designed, which results in higher overall efficiency. Based on the introduction of Dual-Buck Inverter, this thesis studies the relationship between operating frequency of switching tube and the circuit’s input voltage, filter inductance and current hysteresis bandwidth. Then, a method of improving the inverter’s reliability in short-circuit protection mode is proposed, and simulation and experimental results verify its feasibility. With the purpose to overcome the drawback that the two filter inductors share a large proportion of the weight and volume of the inverter, integrated magnetism technology is researched. Several magnetics integrated techniques are introduced, and a new method is offered by this paper. However, none of those methods can effectively reduce the volume and weight of the inductors except that the new proposed scheme can only take effect under specifically conditions. At the end, two stages of the ASI is tested together to achieve high efficiency, stable and reliable operation.
在简单介绍了几种谐振变换器的工作特性后,分析了LLC谐振变换器的工作原理,给出了LLC谐振变换器的谐振参数计算方法以及500W半桥LLC电路的设计实例,并进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,在本课题中从空载到满载LLC谐振电路都能实现零电压开通,变压器副边整流二极管可以实现零电流关断,实验结果表明该电路具有较高的效率。
双Buck逆变器是一种高效率的,高可靠性的电路,它不存在桥臂直通的问题,并且续流管和功率管可以分别单独优化设计。本文在介绍双Buck逆变器工作原理的基础上,研究了开关管工作频率和电路中输入电压、滤波电感及电流滞环宽度之间的关系,并提出了一种可以提高逆变器短路时电路可靠运行的方法,给出了仿真和实验验证。针对逆变器的两个滤波电感占电路体积重量大的问题,对逆变器两滤波电感进行了磁集成技术的研究。介绍了几种磁集成方法,并提出了一种新的磁集成方法。最后将两级联调,实现整机高效、稳定、可靠的运行。
The two-stage low power three-phase Aeronautical Static Inverter (ASI) is researched in this thesis. With the purpose to improve overall efficiency and realize low profile, the LLC resonant converter which has the characteristic of simple and high efficiency is employ as the front-end and the dual buck inverter which has the merits of high efficiency and high reliability is selected as the second stage, after taking a comprehensive investigation of different topologies and constructs.
The characteristics of several resonant converters are briefly introduced and the operation principles and characteristics of LLC resonant converter are analyzed. On presenting the methods of calculating the resonant parameters of the LLC resonant converter, a prototype of 500W half bridge LLC resonant converter is designed. Experimental results show that this circuit has a high efficiency in terms of zero-voltage turn-on of the main switches and zero-current turn-off of the secondary rectifier diodes are realized from no load to full load.
Compared with conventional half-bridge inverter, the dual buck inverter (DBI) overcomes the short-through problem, which greatly improves the overall reliability. Besides, the power switches and the power doides can be chosen separately and optimized designed, which results in higher overall efficiency. Based on the introduction of Dual-Buck Inverter, this thesis studies the relationship between operating frequency of switching tube and the circuit’s input voltage, filter inductance and current hysteresis bandwidth. Then, a method of improving the inverter’s reliability in short-circuit protection mode is proposed, and simulation and experimental results verify its feasibility. With the purpose to overcome the drawback that the two filter inductors share a large proportion of the weight and volume of the inverter, integrated magnetism technology is researched. Several magnetics integrated techniques are introduced, and a new method is offered by this paper. However, none of those methods can effectively reduce the volume and weight of the inductors except that the new proposed scheme can only take effect under specifically conditions. At the end, two stages of the ASI is tested together to achieve high efficiency, stable and reliable operation.
引文
[1]陈道炼.静止变流器.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2004:1~2
[2] Espelage Paul M., Bose Bimal K., et al. High frequency link power conversion. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1977, 13(5): 387~394
[3] M. Matsui, M. Nagai, M. Mochizuki, et al. High-frequency link DC/AC converter with suppressed voltage clamp circuits-naturally commutated phase angle control with self turn-off device. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1996, 32(2): 293~300
[4]陈道炼.DC/AC逆变技术及其应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2003:8~11
[5] Yamato Ikuo, Tokunaga Norikazu, Matsuda Yasuo, et al. New conversion system for UPS using high frequency link. IEEE PESC, Kyoto, Japan, 1988,1: 658~663
[6] Chung, Yong-Ho, Shin Bong-Soo, Cho Gyu-Hyeong. Bilateral series resonant inverter for high frequency link UPS. IEEE PESC, New York, USA, 1989,1: 83~90
[7] Yamato Ikuo, Tokunaga Norikazu, Matsuda Yasuo, et al. High frequency link DC-AC converter for UPS with a new voltage clamper. IEEE PESC, San Antonio, Texas, USA, 1990,2: 749~756
[8] Minchao Huang, Weixun Lin, Jianpin Ying. Novel current mode bi-directional high-frequency link DC/AC converter for UPS. IEEE PESC, Fukuoka, Japan, 1998,2: 1867~1871
[9] Prakash S.R. Narayana, Mohan P.V. Ananda, Iyengar B.S.R.. A new sinewave inverter with high frequency link and sychronous rectification using power MOSFETs. IEEE PESC, San Antonio, Texas, USA, 1990,2: 723~728
[10] J. Jalade. New DC/AC high power cell structure improve performances for sine generater. IEEE PESC, 1980: 326~331
[11]丁道宏.电力电子技术.北京:航空工业出版社,1999:194~200
[12]阮新波,严仰光.直流开关电源的软开关技术.北京:科学出版社,2000:34~50
[13] Ron Lenk.实用开关电源设计(王正仕,张军明译).北京:人民邮电出版社,2004:23~33
[14] Tobias Tolle, Thomas Duerbaum. Modelling of ZVS transitions in asymmetrical Half-bridge PWM converters. IEEE PESC, Vancouver, BC, 2001,1: 308~313
[15] Robert L Steigerwald. A comparison of half-bridge resonant converter topologies. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1988, 3(2): 174~182
[16] Yang Bo, Ren Yuancheng, Lee Fred C. Integrated magnetic for LLC resonant converter. IEEE APEC, Dalas, Texas, USA, 2002,2: 346~351
[17] Yang Bo, Lee Fred C, Zhang Alpha J., et al. LLC resonant converter for front end DC/DC conversion. IEEE APEC, Dallas, TC, 2002,2: 1108~1112
[18]顾亦磊,杭丽君,吕征宇等.非对称结构多路输出LLC谐振型变换器.中国电机工程学报,2006,26(5):82～87
[19]刘军.一种新颖的双降压式半桥逆变器研究,[博士学位论文].南京:南京航天航空大学,2003
[20]谢少军,严仰光.未来先进飞机的电源系统.国际航空,1995,1:52~54
[21] Static inverters specifications-Avionic Instruments Inc, http://www.avionicinstruments.com
[22] Robert L. Steigerwald. A comparison of half-bridge resonant converter topologies. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol.3, No.2, April 1988: 174~182
[23]杨益平.谐振DC/DC变换器的研究,[浙江大学硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学, 2005年3月
[24] Tabisz W. A. Lee F. C., Zero-voltage-switching multi-resonant technique—A novel approach to improve performance of high-frequency quasi-resonant converter. IEEE PESC’88, Vol.1, New York, 1988: 9~17
[25] Young-Goo Kang, Anand K. Upadhyay, Dennis L. Stephens. Analysis and Design of a half-bridge parallel resonant converter operating above resonance. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol.27, No.2, March/April 1991: 386~395
[26] A. K. S. Bhat, M. M. Swamy. Analysis of parallel resonant converter operating above resonance, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol.25, No.4, July 1989: 449~457
[27] A. J. Forsyth and S. V. Mollov. LCC resonant converter control for high power factor rectification. Electronics Letters, Vol.33, No.24, 20th November 1997: 1997~1998
[28] J. A. Sabaté, M. M. Jovanovic, F. C. Lee, R. T. Gean. Analysis and design-optimization of LCC resonant inverter for high-frequency AC distributed power system. IEEE Transactions on Industry Electronics. Vol.42, No.1, February 1995: 63~70
[29] Lazar, J. F., Martinelli. R. Steady-state analysis of the LLC series resonant converter. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, Vol.2, March 2001: 728~735
[30] Yan Liang, Wenduo Liu, Bing Lu, J. D van Wyk. Design of integrated passive component for a 1 MHz 1 kW half-bridge LLC resonant converter. Industry Applications Conference.Vol.2, Oct. 2005: 2223~2228
[31]朱立泓.LLC谐振变换器的设计,[浙江大学硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2006年5月
[32]马海啸.基于双BUCK拓扑的静止变流器和串联混合有源电力滤波器的研究,[博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2008年1月
[33]张先进.双Buck逆变器应用研究,[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2005
[34]洪峰,刘军.滞环电流控制型双Buck逆变器.电工技术学报,2004,19(8):73~77
[35]马海啸,毛赛君,龚春英等.半桥双降压式逆变器电流检测及控制方法改进.南京航空航天大学学报,2006,38(3):276~280
[36]李正兴.6kVA单相中频逆变器的研制,[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2007
[37] Dahono P A, Purwadi and Qamatuzzaman. An LC Filter Design Method for Single-phase PWM Inverters, International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, Indonesia, 1995, 2 : 571~576
[38]宋强,刘文华,严干贵等.大容量PWM电压源逆变器的LC滤波器设计.清华大学学报(自然科学版),2003,43(3): 345~348
[39]伍家驹,张朝燕,任吉林等.一种用于PWM逆变器的非对称T型滤波器的设计方法,中国电机工程学报,2005,25(14): 35~40
[40]陈敏.9kVA组合式三相逆变器的研制,[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2002
[41] J. Lopera, M. Prieto, A. Pernia, M. de Graaf, W. Waanders, L. Alvarez. Design of Integrated Magnetic Elements Using Thick-Film Technology. IEEE-APEC, 1998, pp.407-413.
[42] Conor Quinn, Karl Rinne, Terence O Donnell, et al. A review of planar magnetic techniques and technologies[C]. IEEE-APEC, 2001, 14 (3): 1175-1183.
[43]陈乾宏,阮新波,严仰光.开关电源中磁集成技术及其应用[J].电工技术学报, 2004, 19(3): 1-7
[44]陈乾宏.开关电源中磁集成技术的应用研究,[博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2001
[45] Conor Quinn, Karl Rinne, Terence O Donnell, et al. Areview of planar magnetic techniques and technologies[C]. IEEE-APEC, 2001, 14 (3): 1175-1183.
[46]赵修科.实用电源技术手册—磁性元器件分册.沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,2002年。
[47]洪峰,单任仲,王慧贞,严仰光.一种新型的磁集成双Buck逆变器.电工技术学报,2007.
[2] Espelage Paul M., Bose Bimal K., et al. High frequency link power conversion. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1977, 13(5): 387~394
[3] M. Matsui, M. Nagai, M. Mochizuki, et al. High-frequency link DC/AC converter with suppressed voltage clamp circuits-naturally commutated phase angle control with self turn-off device. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1996, 32(2): 293~300
[4]陈道炼.DC/AC逆变技术及其应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2003:8~11
[5] Yamato Ikuo, Tokunaga Norikazu, Matsuda Yasuo, et al. New conversion system for UPS using high frequency link. IEEE PESC, Kyoto, Japan, 1988,1: 658~663
[6] Chung, Yong-Ho, Shin Bong-Soo, Cho Gyu-Hyeong. Bilateral series resonant inverter for high frequency link UPS. IEEE PESC, New York, USA, 1989,1: 83~90
[7] Yamato Ikuo, Tokunaga Norikazu, Matsuda Yasuo, et al. High frequency link DC-AC converter for UPS with a new voltage clamper. IEEE PESC, San Antonio, Texas, USA, 1990,2: 749~756
[8] Minchao Huang, Weixun Lin, Jianpin Ying. Novel current mode bi-directional high-frequency link DC/AC converter for UPS. IEEE PESC, Fukuoka, Japan, 1998,2: 1867~1871
[9] Prakash S.R. Narayana, Mohan P.V. Ananda, Iyengar B.S.R.. A new sinewave inverter with high frequency link and sychronous rectification using power MOSFETs. IEEE PESC, San Antonio, Texas, USA, 1990,2: 723~728
[10] J. Jalade. New DC/AC high power cell structure improve performances for sine generater. IEEE PESC, 1980: 326~331
[11]丁道宏.电力电子技术.北京:航空工业出版社,1999:194~200
[12]阮新波,严仰光.直流开关电源的软开关技术.北京:科学出版社,2000:34~50
[13] Ron Lenk.实用开关电源设计(王正仕,张军明译).北京:人民邮电出版社,2004:23~33
[14] Tobias Tolle, Thomas Duerbaum. Modelling of ZVS transitions in asymmetrical Half-bridge PWM converters. IEEE PESC, Vancouver, BC, 2001,1: 308~313
[15] Robert L Steigerwald. A comparison of half-bridge resonant converter topologies. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1988, 3(2): 174~182
[16] Yang Bo, Ren Yuancheng, Lee Fred C. Integrated magnetic for LLC resonant converter. IEEE APEC, Dalas, Texas, USA, 2002,2: 346~351
[17] Yang Bo, Lee Fred C, Zhang Alpha J., et al. LLC resonant converter for front end DC/DC conversion. IEEE APEC, Dallas, TC, 2002,2: 1108~1112
[18]顾亦磊,杭丽君,吕征宇等.非对称结构多路输出LLC谐振型变换器.中国电机工程学报,2006,26(5):82～87
[19]刘军.一种新颖的双降压式半桥逆变器研究,[博士学位论文].南京:南京航天航空大学,2003
[20]谢少军,严仰光.未来先进飞机的电源系统.国际航空,1995,1:52~54
[21] Static inverters specifications-Avionic Instruments Inc, http://www.avionicinstruments.com
[22] Robert L. Steigerwald. A comparison of half-bridge resonant converter topologies. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol.3, No.2, April 1988: 174~182
[23]杨益平.谐振DC/DC变换器的研究,[浙江大学硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学, 2005年3月
[24] Tabisz W. A. Lee F. C., Zero-voltage-switching multi-resonant technique—A novel approach to improve performance of high-frequency quasi-resonant converter. IEEE PESC’88, Vol.1, New York, 1988: 9~17
[25] Young-Goo Kang, Anand K. Upadhyay, Dennis L. Stephens. Analysis and Design of a half-bridge parallel resonant converter operating above resonance. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol.27, No.2, March/April 1991: 386~395
[26] A. K. S. Bhat, M. M. Swamy. Analysis of parallel resonant converter operating above resonance, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol.25, No.4, July 1989: 449~457
[27] A. J. Forsyth and S. V. Mollov. LCC resonant converter control for high power factor rectification. Electronics Letters, Vol.33, No.24, 20th November 1997: 1997~1998
[28] J. A. Sabaté, M. M. Jovanovic, F. C. Lee, R. T. Gean. Analysis and design-optimization of LCC resonant inverter for high-frequency AC distributed power system. IEEE Transactions on Industry Electronics. Vol.42, No.1, February 1995: 63~70
[29] Lazar, J. F., Martinelli. R. Steady-state analysis of the LLC series resonant converter. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, Vol.2, March 2001: 728~735
[30] Yan Liang, Wenduo Liu, Bing Lu, J. D van Wyk. Design of integrated passive component for a 1 MHz 1 kW half-bridge LLC resonant converter. Industry Applications Conference.Vol.2, Oct. 2005: 2223~2228
[31]朱立泓.LLC谐振变换器的设计,[浙江大学硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2006年5月
[32]马海啸.基于双BUCK拓扑的静止变流器和串联混合有源电力滤波器的研究,[博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2008年1月
[33]张先进.双Buck逆变器应用研究,[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2005
[34]洪峰,刘军.滞环电流控制型双Buck逆变器.电工技术学报,2004,19(8):73~77
[35]马海啸,毛赛君,龚春英等.半桥双降压式逆变器电流检测及控制方法改进.南京航空航天大学学报,2006,38(3):276~280
[36]李正兴.6kVA单相中频逆变器的研制,[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2007
[37] Dahono P A, Purwadi and Qamatuzzaman. An LC Filter Design Method for Single-phase PWM Inverters, International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, Indonesia, 1995, 2 : 571~576
[38]宋强,刘文华,严干贵等.大容量PWM电压源逆变器的LC滤波器设计.清华大学学报(自然科学版),2003,43(3): 345~348
[39]伍家驹,张朝燕,任吉林等.一种用于PWM逆变器的非对称T型滤波器的设计方法,中国电机工程学报,2005,25(14): 35~40
[40]陈敏.9kVA组合式三相逆变器的研制,[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2002
[41] J. Lopera, M. Prieto, A. Pernia, M. de Graaf, W. Waanders, L. Alvarez. Design of Integrated Magnetic Elements Using Thick-Film Technology. IEEE-APEC, 1998, pp.407-413.
[42] Conor Quinn, Karl Rinne, Terence O Donnell, et al. A review of planar magnetic techniques and technologies[C]. IEEE-APEC, 2001, 14 (3): 1175-1183.
[43]陈乾宏,阮新波,严仰光.开关电源中磁集成技术及其应用[J].电工技术学报, 2004, 19(3): 1-7
[44]陈乾宏.开关电源中磁集成技术的应用研究,[博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2001
[45] Conor Quinn, Karl Rinne, Terence O Donnell, et al. Areview of planar magnetic techniques and technologies[C]. IEEE-APEC, 2001, 14 (3): 1175-1183.
[46]赵修科.实用电源技术手册—磁性元器件分册.沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,2002年。
[47]洪峰,单任仲,王慧贞,严仰光.一种新型的磁集成双Buck逆变器.电工技术学报,2007.