基于新型平衡变压器与感应滤波技术的电气化铁道电能质量治理研究
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摘要
对电气化铁道牵引变电所供电质量的综合治理一直是备受关注的课题。本文围绕牵引变电所供电质量问题展开研究。研究工作得到国家自然科学基金项目“基于新型变压器的电气化铁道负序和谐波统一治理的理论与方法研究”(51077044)和湖南省自然科学基金重点项目“具有负序和谐波抑制功能的组合式牵引变压器及其关键技术研究”(12JJ2034)的资助。主要研究内容和研究成果如下：
论文首先分析了几种典型的平衡变压器结构和原理,接着提出了不对称接线平衡变压器及其实现方法(获得了发明专利)。详细阐述了不对称三相变两相平衡变压器的接线方案和工作原理,建立了数学模型。在此基础上,推导了基于短路阻抗的平衡条件和两相电路解耦条件,以及全短路阻抗相等条件。该新型变压器在满足平衡条件约束下两相自动解耦,结构简单,每相最多3个绕组,可以采用常用的三相三柱式铁心,一次侧有中性点,副边有三角形绕组,二次侧有公共接地(轨)点,材料利用率高,特别适合电气化铁道直供和BT供电方式。阐述了不对称接线三相变四相平衡变压器原理,建立数学模型并进行分析,得到了电压电流关系式,该变压器适合AT供电方式和四相输电系统。通过仿真研究证明对上述新型变压器理论分析的正确性。
通过一台2kVA的小容量变压器模型,开展新型变压器的设计方法研究。阐述了新型变压器的设计特点并得到了完整的电磁设计方案。绕组采用较大截面积铜线以降低电阻的影响。短路阻抗的计算分别采用了磁路法和有限元法,两者计算结果一致,得到的短路阻抗参数满足阻抗约束要求。利用设计得到的参数,进行MATLAB仿真,结果证明了设计的新型变压器模型的正确性和负序抑制的有效性。
提出了结合新型V/v变压器和感应滤波技术,治理电气化铁道谐波的新方法。阐述了系统拓扑结构,分析了系统的工作原理,提出了电流检测算法。并提出了采用准PR控制的控制算法,改善在电网频率变化时的控制性能。通过仿真验证,该系统能显著的改善牵引变电所的电能质量。
给出了一种基于多功能平衡变压器,采用三相电压源变流器(VSC)结合晶闸管投切电容器(TSC)构成的电能质量补偿系统。详细讨论了方案及其特点,设计了无功分配策略,推导了基于磁动势平衡原理的补偿算法,建立了补偿等效电路模型并得到了补偿电流关系式,得出了参考电流实时检测和无功电流分配方法。仿真证明所提方案的正确性。
研制了一台容量为2kVA新型平衡变压器模型,开展了各种试验研究。新型平衡变压器的理论分析和设计方法是正确的。
The power quality comprehensive management of the traction substation has been a topic of concern. Based on the supportion of National Natural Science Fund Project "research of the negative sequence and harmonics unified management theories and methods of electrified railway based on the novel transformer "(Project No.51077044) and Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation "the negative sequence and harmonic suppression combined function traction transformer and its key technology research "(Project No.12JJ2034), the paper focuses on the traction substation power quality issues. The fundamental research and achievement are as follows:
Several typical structure and the principle of balance transformers are analyzed firstly. Then the paper presents a novel asymmetrical connection balance transformer and has got a patent for this invention. The basic principle and connected scheme of the transformer are clarified. The mathematical model of the transformer is established. Based on this, the balance condition (i.e., the neutral current in primary side is zero) and the decoupling condition of the two-phase system are also obtained. What's more, this paper clarifies the three-phase short-circuit impedance equal condition. The transformer has the advantage that the two-phase decoupling condition is naturally satisfied if the balance condition is matched. Compared with the typical balance transformer, which has a range of new features:Three-phase three-leg core is adopted and each phase has only two or three windings in this transformer. The transformer has a simple structure of iron and windings and has high material utilization ratio, while the two-phase system has a public point and a loop in which the third harmonic currents can flow. The transformer has good performance and may be utilized to two-phase or single power supply such as traction power supply in electric railway. A asymmetrical connection three-phase to four-phase balance transformer is also clarified in the paper. Its wiring scheme is elaborated and the mathematical model is analyzed, the transformer is suitable for electrified railway AT power supply and four-phase power transmission systems. Simulation results prove the correctness of the theoretical analysis about the above mentioned transformers.
For a2kVA small-capacity transformer model, the design mothed is discussed. The design features of the new transformer is described and the electromagnetic design scheme is obtained. The wire with larger cross-sectional area is adapted in order to minimize the impact of the winding resistance. The principle of magnetic method and the principle of energy law are conducted to get the short-circuit impedance. Results from the two methods are consistent. The short-circuit impedance paremeters meet the design requirements. Using the design parameters, through the MATLAB simulation, the results proved the correctness about design of transformer modle and effectiveness to suppression negative current.
A novel compensation system, based on novel V/v transformer and inductive filtering, is proposed in the paper. The structure of the system is discussed and the operation principle of the system is elaborated. The negative sequence current compensation principle is deduced and a novel reference current detection algorithm is obtained. The quasi proportional resonance is presented which has good current tracking effect even when fluctuation of the grid frequency. Simulation results show the correctness of the proposed system and control method.
A novel integrated compensator based on multi-purpose balance transformer is proposed in this paper. The compensator consists of a three-phase voltage source converter (VSC) and two multi-groups thyristor switched capacitor (TSC). Firstly, the operation principle of the system is clarified. Then the reactive current distribution method is designed and the compensation algorithm based on balanced mmf using virtual current is deduced. Furthermore, the compensation equivalent circuit mode is established, the reference current detecting and the collaborative control strategy for TSC and VSC based on reactive power current abruption VSC are presented. Simulation results have shown the validity of the proposed system.
A2kVA transformer model is developed. Many experimental studies have been carried out. The theoretical analysis and the design method of the new balance transformer is correct.
论文首先分析了几种典型的平衡变压器结构和原理,接着提出了不对称接线平衡变压器及其实现方法(获得了发明专利)。详细阐述了不对称三相变两相平衡变压器的接线方案和工作原理,建立了数学模型。在此基础上,推导了基于短路阻抗的平衡条件和两相电路解耦条件,以及全短路阻抗相等条件。该新型变压器在满足平衡条件约束下两相自动解耦,结构简单,每相最多3个绕组,可以采用常用的三相三柱式铁心,一次侧有中性点,副边有三角形绕组,二次侧有公共接地(轨)点,材料利用率高,特别适合电气化铁道直供和BT供电方式。阐述了不对称接线三相变四相平衡变压器原理,建立数学模型并进行分析,得到了电压电流关系式,该变压器适合AT供电方式和四相输电系统。通过仿真研究证明对上述新型变压器理论分析的正确性。
通过一台2kVA的小容量变压器模型,开展新型变压器的设计方法研究。阐述了新型变压器的设计特点并得到了完整的电磁设计方案。绕组采用较大截面积铜线以降低电阻的影响。短路阻抗的计算分别采用了磁路法和有限元法,两者计算结果一致,得到的短路阻抗参数满足阻抗约束要求。利用设计得到的参数,进行MATLAB仿真,结果证明了设计的新型变压器模型的正确性和负序抑制的有效性。
提出了结合新型V/v变压器和感应滤波技术,治理电气化铁道谐波的新方法。阐述了系统拓扑结构,分析了系统的工作原理,提出了电流检测算法。并提出了采用准PR控制的控制算法,改善在电网频率变化时的控制性能。通过仿真验证,该系统能显著的改善牵引变电所的电能质量。
给出了一种基于多功能平衡变压器,采用三相电压源变流器(VSC)结合晶闸管投切电容器(TSC)构成的电能质量补偿系统。详细讨论了方案及其特点,设计了无功分配策略,推导了基于磁动势平衡原理的补偿算法,建立了补偿等效电路模型并得到了补偿电流关系式,得出了参考电流实时检测和无功电流分配方法。仿真证明所提方案的正确性。
研制了一台容量为2kVA新型平衡变压器模型,开展了各种试验研究。新型平衡变压器的理论分析和设计方法是正确的。
The power quality comprehensive management of the traction substation has been a topic of concern. Based on the supportion of National Natural Science Fund Project "research of the negative sequence and harmonics unified management theories and methods of electrified railway based on the novel transformer "(Project No.51077044) and Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation "the negative sequence and harmonic suppression combined function traction transformer and its key technology research "(Project No.12JJ2034), the paper focuses on the traction substation power quality issues. The fundamental research and achievement are as follows:
Several typical structure and the principle of balance transformers are analyzed firstly. Then the paper presents a novel asymmetrical connection balance transformer and has got a patent for this invention. The basic principle and connected scheme of the transformer are clarified. The mathematical model of the transformer is established. Based on this, the balance condition (i.e., the neutral current in primary side is zero) and the decoupling condition of the two-phase system are also obtained. What's more, this paper clarifies the three-phase short-circuit impedance equal condition. The transformer has the advantage that the two-phase decoupling condition is naturally satisfied if the balance condition is matched. Compared with the typical balance transformer, which has a range of new features:Three-phase three-leg core is adopted and each phase has only two or three windings in this transformer. The transformer has a simple structure of iron and windings and has high material utilization ratio, while the two-phase system has a public point and a loop in which the third harmonic currents can flow. The transformer has good performance and may be utilized to two-phase or single power supply such as traction power supply in electric railway. A asymmetrical connection three-phase to four-phase balance transformer is also clarified in the paper. Its wiring scheme is elaborated and the mathematical model is analyzed, the transformer is suitable for electrified railway AT power supply and four-phase power transmission systems. Simulation results prove the correctness of the theoretical analysis about the above mentioned transformers.
For a2kVA small-capacity transformer model, the design mothed is discussed. The design features of the new transformer is described and the electromagnetic design scheme is obtained. The wire with larger cross-sectional area is adapted in order to minimize the impact of the winding resistance. The principle of magnetic method and the principle of energy law are conducted to get the short-circuit impedance. Results from the two methods are consistent. The short-circuit impedance paremeters meet the design requirements. Using the design parameters, through the MATLAB simulation, the results proved the correctness about design of transformer modle and effectiveness to suppression negative current.
A novel compensation system, based on novel V/v transformer and inductive filtering, is proposed in the paper. The structure of the system is discussed and the operation principle of the system is elaborated. The negative sequence current compensation principle is deduced and a novel reference current detection algorithm is obtained. The quasi proportional resonance is presented which has good current tracking effect even when fluctuation of the grid frequency. Simulation results show the correctness of the proposed system and control method.
A novel integrated compensator based on multi-purpose balance transformer is proposed in this paper. The compensator consists of a three-phase voltage source converter (VSC) and two multi-groups thyristor switched capacitor (TSC). Firstly, the operation principle of the system is clarified. Then the reactive current distribution method is designed and the compensation algorithm based on balanced mmf using virtual current is deduced. Furthermore, the compensation equivalent circuit mode is established, the reference current detecting and the collaborative control strategy for TSC and VSC based on reactive power current abruption VSC are presented. Simulation results have shown the validity of the proposed system.
A2kVA transformer model is developed. Many experimental studies have been carried out. The theoretical analysis and the design method of the new balance transformer is correct.
引文
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