小型光伏发电系统逆变并网装置的研制
摘要
现代社会的快速发展导致能源需求激增和环境污染严重,为此,世界各国纷纷投入人力物力进行可再生能源的开发利用。技术的进步使得太阳能发电成本不断下降,令其成为最具商业利用价值的可再生能源之一。由于大型太阳能电站的随机功率波动对电网的冲击较大,影响电网的安全运行,小型分散式光伏系统可更好地解决边远地区分散用户的用电问题。在此背景下,本文对小型光伏发电系统的关键技术进行了较为深入的研究。主要内容如下:
(1)在分析单相光伏并网逆变器拓扑的基础上,提出了带变压器的两级式能量变换结构,即有最大功率跟踪功能的BOOST电路和单相全桥逆变电路;
(2)研究了太阳能电池数学模型及其特性,指出了对光伏阵列进行最大功率跟踪的必要性,分析了多种常用的最大功率跟踪算法;
(3)基于光伏并网逆变器的控制目标,研究了光伏并网逆变器的常用控制方法,结合单周控制策略,提出一种基于单周-PI控制的逆变算法,并对其进行仿真分析,验证了其有效性。
在以上研究工作的基础上,开发出一套以TMS320LF2407数字信号处理芯片为控制器的1KW单相光伏并网逆变样机,完成了硬件电路参数设计,软件编写调试,并进行了实验调试,实验结果表明该系统能够实现本文设计的方案。
本论文课题来源于广东省绿色能源技术重点实验室项目:广东省科技计划项目(2010A010200004)、广东省教育部产学研结合项目(2009B090300424)
The rapid development of social economy leads to greater energy consumption and environment pollution, thus, nations around the world make great effort to exploit renewable energy . Solar energy cost is go down due to advanced technologies, and it has become one of the most promising renewable energy. The large-scale PV generating station would have strong impact to the power grid because of its random power fluctuation. The small-scale PV generation system can avoid such problem and solve the issue of remote area power supply. Under this back ground, this paper will do intensive research on key technologies of small-scale PV generation system. The contents are shown as follows:
(1) Based on analysis of single phase PV inverter, a two stage energy convert structure is proposed, that is, BOOST converter with MPPT and single phase full bridge inverter.
(2) Through study of the PV cell’s mathematical model and characteristic, necessity of MPPT is pointed out. A improved P&O algorithm is proposed based on study of traditional algorithms. Simulations are carried out to verify the feasibility.
(3) Aiming at the control strategy, common control methods are studied, combined with one cycle control, a PI-one cycle control is proposed. Simulations are carried out to verify the feasibility.
Based on the above analysis, a 1KW grid-connected PV inverter prototype is developed, it is controlled by TI DSP TMS320LF2407. Based on the theoretical analysis, this paper designed the hardware and software of the inverter. Through experiment and debugging, the results and waveforms are as expected, which laid foundation for further research.
Topic of this paper comes from the projects of Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Technology: science and technology project of Guangdong(2010A010200004), produce-learn-research projects of Ministry of Education of Guangdong(2009B090300424).
(1)在分析单相光伏并网逆变器拓扑的基础上,提出了带变压器的两级式能量变换结构,即有最大功率跟踪功能的BOOST电路和单相全桥逆变电路;
(2)研究了太阳能电池数学模型及其特性,指出了对光伏阵列进行最大功率跟踪的必要性,分析了多种常用的最大功率跟踪算法;
(3)基于光伏并网逆变器的控制目标,研究了光伏并网逆变器的常用控制方法,结合单周控制策略,提出一种基于单周-PI控制的逆变算法,并对其进行仿真分析,验证了其有效性。
在以上研究工作的基础上,开发出一套以TMS320LF2407数字信号处理芯片为控制器的1KW单相光伏并网逆变样机,完成了硬件电路参数设计,软件编写调试,并进行了实验调试,实验结果表明该系统能够实现本文设计的方案。
本论文课题来源于广东省绿色能源技术重点实验室项目:广东省科技计划项目(2010A010200004)、广东省教育部产学研结合项目(2009B090300424)
The rapid development of social economy leads to greater energy consumption and environment pollution, thus, nations around the world make great effort to exploit renewable energy . Solar energy cost is go down due to advanced technologies, and it has become one of the most promising renewable energy. The large-scale PV generating station would have strong impact to the power grid because of its random power fluctuation. The small-scale PV generation system can avoid such problem and solve the issue of remote area power supply. Under this back ground, this paper will do intensive research on key technologies of small-scale PV generation system. The contents are shown as follows:
(1) Based on analysis of single phase PV inverter, a two stage energy convert structure is proposed, that is, BOOST converter with MPPT and single phase full bridge inverter.
(2) Through study of the PV cell’s mathematical model and characteristic, necessity of MPPT is pointed out. A improved P&O algorithm is proposed based on study of traditional algorithms. Simulations are carried out to verify the feasibility.
(3) Aiming at the control strategy, common control methods are studied, combined with one cycle control, a PI-one cycle control is proposed. Simulations are carried out to verify the feasibility.
Based on the above analysis, a 1KW grid-connected PV inverter prototype is developed, it is controlled by TI DSP TMS320LF2407. Based on the theoretical analysis, this paper designed the hardware and software of the inverter. Through experiment and debugging, the results and waveforms are as expected, which laid foundation for further research.
Topic of this paper comes from the projects of Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Technology: science and technology project of Guangdong(2010A010200004), produce-learn-research projects of Ministry of Education of Guangdong(2009B090300424).
引文
[1]王长贵.新能源和可再生能源的现状和展望[J].太阳能光伏产业发展论坛论文集,2003,9:4-17
[2]徐海荣,钟史明.充分利用我国太阳能资源,开发太阳能光伏产业[J].沈阳工程学院学报(自然科学版),2006,02(04):299-302
[3]张超.光伏并网发电系统MPPT及孤岛检测新技术的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2006
[4]太阳光发电协会.太阳能光伏发电系统的设计与施工[M].北京:科学出版社,2006
[5]王飞.单相光伏并网系统的分析与研究.[D].安徽:合肥工业大学,2005
[6]官贞珍,陈德珍.太阳能利用方法研究.[J].交通节能与环保,2009(4):42-43
[7] M.Calais, J.Myrzik, T.Spooner, V.G.Agelidis, Inverters for Single-Phase Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems-An Overview. In:IEEE PESC. Vancouver,2002, 1995-2000
[8]焦在强.单级式并网型光伏发电系统用逆变器的研究.[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院.
[9] Savita Nema, R. K. Nema, and Gayatri Agnihotri. Inverter topologies and control structure in photovoltaic applications: A review. JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY 3, 2011,012701-1
[10]赵为.太阳能光伏并网发电系统的研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2002,90-91
[11]马兆彪.太阳能光伏并网发电系统的分析研究[D].无锡:江南大学,2008
[12]刘立强.三相光伏并网逆变器的研究[D].广州:广东工业大学,2008
[13]吴忠军.基于DSP的太阳能独立光伏发电系统的研究与设计[D] .镇江:江苏大学,2007
[14] Z.Salameh,F.Dagher,W.A.Lynch.Step-Down Maximum Power Point Tracker for Photovoltaic System.Solar Energy,1991,46(1):278-282
[15] KsolarHarada, G.Zhao.Controlled Power Interface Between Cells and AC source. IEEE Trans On Power Electronics.1993,8(4):654-662
[16] Ching-Tsai Pan, Jeng-Yue Chen, Chin-Peng Chu,and Yi-Shuo Huang.A Fast Maximum Power Point Tracker for Photovoltaic Power Systems.In:Proceedings of IECON.Taibei,1999,390-393
[17]李晶,窦伟,徐正国.光伏发电系统中最大功率点跟踪算法的研究[J].太阳能学报,2007,28(3):268-273
[18]李炜,朱新坚.光伏系统最大功率点跟踪控制仿真模型[J].计算机仿真,2006,23(6):239-243
[19]崔岩,蔡炳煌,李大勇.太阳能光伏系统MPPT控制算法的对比研究[J].太阳能学报,2006,27(6):535-539
[20]谢磊.模糊控制在光伏充电系统中的应用. [D].安徽:合肥工业大学,2005
[21]张洪亮.并网型单相光伏逆变器的研究[D].济南:山东大学.2007
[22]姜子晴.单相光伏发电并网系统的研究[D].镇江:江苏大学.2008
[23]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2000
[24]林渭勋,现代电力电子电路[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2002.07
[25]冯国雨.风力发电并网逆变控制系统研究.[D]..长春:吉林大学,2009
[26]刘慧文.具有组合功能的智能化通用正弦逆变电源的研制[D].合肥:合肥工业大学电气与自动化工程学院,2003
[27] L.Mihalache.DSP Control Method of Single-Phase Inverters for UPS Applications[J].IEEE Trans.On Industry Application.2002(5):590-595.
[28]张扬,杨浩然.光伏并网逆变器控制算法的研究[J].低压电器.2009,16:8-11
[29] Keyue M. Smedley, Slobodan Cuk. One-Cycle Control of Switching Converters[J]. TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS,1995,10(6):625-633
[30]李承,林红,杨红权.基于三相全桥逆变器的DVR单周控制策略研究[J].电力自动化设备,2007,27(6):8-13
[31]于小辉,梁志珊.带孤岛效应检测的单周控制三相光伏并网逆变器.[J].电源技术应用,2008,11(9):12-16
[32]武志贤,蔡丽娟,王素飞.电力电子变换器的单周控制方法的探讨[J].电气传动,2005,35(10):22-24
[33]尔桂花等.运动控制系统[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.35-40
[34]刘胜荣.基于DSP控制的光伏发电系统逆变器的研制.[D].[硕士论文].广州:华南理工大学,2010
[35]陈贤明,吕宏水,刘国华,王伟,朱晓东.单周控制的三相PWM逆变器仿真研究[J].大功率变流技术,2009,6:1-5
[36]Michael J.Schutten and David A.Torrey. Improved Small-Signal Analysis for the Phase-Shifted PWM Power Converter[J]. POWER ELECTRONICS,,18(2):659-669
[37]蒋立,郑建勇. Z源光伏并网直接电流单周控制系统[J].电力系统自动化.2008,32(22):87-90
[38] Yong Wang and Songhua Shen. Research on One-Cycle Control for Switching Converters[C]. Proceedings of the 5IhWorld Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, June 15-19,2004,Hangzhou,P.R.China
[39]黄永安,马路,刘慧敏.MATLAB7.0/Simulink 6.0建模仿真开发与高级工程应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[40]张凌.单相光伏并网逆变器的研制[D],北京:北京交通大学,2007
[41] TMS320LF240X DSP C语言开发应用/刘和平等编著[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.1
[42]文劲松.中小功率单相逆变并网控制系统设计与开发.[D].[硕士论文].湖南大学,2007
[43]毕磊.分布式光伏并网发电技术研究.[D]..南京:南京理工大学.2007
[2]徐海荣,钟史明.充分利用我国太阳能资源,开发太阳能光伏产业[J].沈阳工程学院学报(自然科学版),2006,02(04):299-302
[3]张超.光伏并网发电系统MPPT及孤岛检测新技术的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2006
[4]太阳光发电协会.太阳能光伏发电系统的设计与施工[M].北京:科学出版社,2006
[5]王飞.单相光伏并网系统的分析与研究.[D].安徽:合肥工业大学,2005
[6]官贞珍,陈德珍.太阳能利用方法研究.[J].交通节能与环保,2009(4):42-43
[7] M.Calais, J.Myrzik, T.Spooner, V.G.Agelidis, Inverters for Single-Phase Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems-An Overview. In:IEEE PESC. Vancouver,2002, 1995-2000
[8]焦在强.单级式并网型光伏发电系统用逆变器的研究.[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院.
[9] Savita Nema, R. K. Nema, and Gayatri Agnihotri. Inverter topologies and control structure in photovoltaic applications: A review. JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY 3, 2011,012701-1
[10]赵为.太阳能光伏并网发电系统的研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2002,90-91
[11]马兆彪.太阳能光伏并网发电系统的分析研究[D].无锡:江南大学,2008
[12]刘立强.三相光伏并网逆变器的研究[D].广州:广东工业大学,2008
[13]吴忠军.基于DSP的太阳能独立光伏发电系统的研究与设计[D] .镇江:江苏大学,2007
[14] Z.Salameh,F.Dagher,W.A.Lynch.Step-Down Maximum Power Point Tracker for Photovoltaic System.Solar Energy,1991,46(1):278-282
[15] KsolarHarada, G.Zhao.Controlled Power Interface Between Cells and AC source. IEEE Trans On Power Electronics.1993,8(4):654-662
[16] Ching-Tsai Pan, Jeng-Yue Chen, Chin-Peng Chu,and Yi-Shuo Huang.A Fast Maximum Power Point Tracker for Photovoltaic Power Systems.In:Proceedings of IECON.Taibei,1999,390-393
[17]李晶,窦伟,徐正国.光伏发电系统中最大功率点跟踪算法的研究[J].太阳能学报,2007,28(3):268-273
[18]李炜,朱新坚.光伏系统最大功率点跟踪控制仿真模型[J].计算机仿真,2006,23(6):239-243
[19]崔岩,蔡炳煌,李大勇.太阳能光伏系统MPPT控制算法的对比研究[J].太阳能学报,2006,27(6):535-539
[20]谢磊.模糊控制在光伏充电系统中的应用. [D].安徽:合肥工业大学,2005
[21]张洪亮.并网型单相光伏逆变器的研究[D].济南:山东大学.2007
[22]姜子晴.单相光伏发电并网系统的研究[D].镇江:江苏大学.2008
[23]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2000
[24]林渭勋,现代电力电子电路[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2002.07
[25]冯国雨.风力发电并网逆变控制系统研究.[D]..长春:吉林大学,2009
[26]刘慧文.具有组合功能的智能化通用正弦逆变电源的研制[D].合肥:合肥工业大学电气与自动化工程学院,2003
[27] L.Mihalache.DSP Control Method of Single-Phase Inverters for UPS Applications[J].IEEE Trans.On Industry Application.2002(5):590-595.
[28]张扬,杨浩然.光伏并网逆变器控制算法的研究[J].低压电器.2009,16:8-11
[29] Keyue M. Smedley, Slobodan Cuk. One-Cycle Control of Switching Converters[J]. TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS,1995,10(6):625-633
[30]李承,林红,杨红权.基于三相全桥逆变器的DVR单周控制策略研究[J].电力自动化设备,2007,27(6):8-13
[31]于小辉,梁志珊.带孤岛效应检测的单周控制三相光伏并网逆变器.[J].电源技术应用,2008,11(9):12-16
[32]武志贤,蔡丽娟,王素飞.电力电子变换器的单周控制方法的探讨[J].电气传动,2005,35(10):22-24
[33]尔桂花等.运动控制系统[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.35-40
[34]刘胜荣.基于DSP控制的光伏发电系统逆变器的研制.[D].[硕士论文].广州:华南理工大学,2010
[35]陈贤明,吕宏水,刘国华,王伟,朱晓东.单周控制的三相PWM逆变器仿真研究[J].大功率变流技术,2009,6:1-5
[36]Michael J.Schutten and David A.Torrey. Improved Small-Signal Analysis for the Phase-Shifted PWM Power Converter[J]. POWER ELECTRONICS,,18(2):659-669
[37]蒋立,郑建勇. Z源光伏并网直接电流单周控制系统[J].电力系统自动化.2008,32(22):87-90
[38] Yong Wang and Songhua Shen. Research on One-Cycle Control for Switching Converters[C]. Proceedings of the 5IhWorld Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, June 15-19,2004,Hangzhou,P.R.China
[39]黄永安,马路,刘慧敏.MATLAB7.0/Simulink 6.0建模仿真开发与高级工程应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[40]张凌.单相光伏并网逆变器的研制[D],北京:北京交通大学,2007
[41] TMS320LF240X DSP C语言开发应用/刘和平等编著[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.1
[42]文劲松.中小功率单相逆变并网控制系统设计与开发.[D].[硕士论文].湖南大学,2007
[43]毕磊.分布式光伏并网发电技术研究.[D]..南京:南京理工大学.2007