配电线路防雷计算研究
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摘要
随着经济的发展,特别是高新技术产业的兴起,用户对电能质量的要求越来越高,配电系统是电力系统中接近用户的一级,是电力系统的重要组成部分,其安全性对用户有着重大的影响,而10kV和35kV架空线路由于绝缘等级较低,而由雷电引起的跳闸事故占总跳闸事故的70%～80%,尤其是在多雷,土壤电阻率高,地形复杂的区域,中压架空线路遭受雷击的概率更高,严重地威胁着电网运行的安全。
架空线路的雷害事故一般分为以下三种:雷直击杆塔顶,雷直击线路,感应雷过电压,同时,雷击线路闪络后的雷电波将沿线路侵入线路侵入发电厂和变电站,产生更严重的威胁,因此对目前的线路防雷现状和各种通用防雷手段进行比较和研究,可以为防护雷电过电压,提高线路的安全可靠性及防雷设计提供有价值的参考依据。
本论文总结了目前配网10kV以及35kV系统架空线路防雷的现状和使用的通用防雷措施及方法,并以10kV和35kV典型杆塔和线路状况为依据,采用国际通用先进的图形化的电磁暂态计算程序(ATPDraw 3.4),对线路的各种状况,雷击方式以及现有的防雷手段进行建模仿真,对各种参数及影响防雷效果和耐雷水平的措施进行计算和分析。文中对过电压保护器安装方式和密度,雷击点位置,杆塔接地电阻,线路绝缘水平,耦合地线,以及线路避雷器在35kV线路上的几种应用方式,综合进行了比较和研究。
Based on the development of market economic, especially the rising of high-technology, users take more and more attention on electric quality. As an important component part of power system, distribution system is nearer to user. The reliability of distribution power supply have great effect to consumer. Accidents caused by thunder account for 70%～80% of whole circuit trip accidents, especially in some area where the lightning activates strongly and the terrain is very complex and the soil resistance is very high. probability of lightning flashover will be higher, accident of lightning poses a great thread to the safe operation of distribution system.
There are three sources of lightning stroke damage in overhead transmission line: straight lightning strike on tower top, round strike or straight strike to conductor and lightning induced surge. In addition, lightning incoming surge along the lines will intrude the power plant and substation after lightning flashover, it brings great menace to many electrical equipments. So based on present situation of overhead transmission line, study and compareson on current regular efforts for lightning protection have very important significance. The study can also provides a reference basis for operation work and design of lightning protection.
This paper summarizes the present situation and regular efforts for lightning protection of overhead lines up to 35kV.Based on the general conditions of tower and lines operated at 35kV and 10kV,the paper builds up some simulated calculation models for lightning overvoltage on the transmission lines by means of international universal advanced graphic electromagnetic transient calculation program ATPDraw3.4. The main work of this paper is calculation and theoretical analysis about all practicable efforts(such as installing overhead ground wires,upgrading insulation,improving grounding system of line poles and tower,adding lightning arresters along the line)to protect overhead high voltage transmission line from lightning strike.The paper proves that current regular efforts for lightning protection are still practical and effective,and provides some improving ideas for traditional protective measures.
架空线路的雷害事故一般分为以下三种:雷直击杆塔顶,雷直击线路,感应雷过电压,同时,雷击线路闪络后的雷电波将沿线路侵入线路侵入发电厂和变电站,产生更严重的威胁,因此对目前的线路防雷现状和各种通用防雷手段进行比较和研究,可以为防护雷电过电压,提高线路的安全可靠性及防雷设计提供有价值的参考依据。
本论文总结了目前配网10kV以及35kV系统架空线路防雷的现状和使用的通用防雷措施及方法,并以10kV和35kV典型杆塔和线路状况为依据,采用国际通用先进的图形化的电磁暂态计算程序(ATPDraw 3.4),对线路的各种状况,雷击方式以及现有的防雷手段进行建模仿真,对各种参数及影响防雷效果和耐雷水平的措施进行计算和分析。文中对过电压保护器安装方式和密度,雷击点位置,杆塔接地电阻,线路绝缘水平,耦合地线,以及线路避雷器在35kV线路上的几种应用方式,综合进行了比较和研究。
Based on the development of market economic, especially the rising of high-technology, users take more and more attention on electric quality. As an important component part of power system, distribution system is nearer to user. The reliability of distribution power supply have great effect to consumer. Accidents caused by thunder account for 70%～80% of whole circuit trip accidents, especially in some area where the lightning activates strongly and the terrain is very complex and the soil resistance is very high. probability of lightning flashover will be higher, accident of lightning poses a great thread to the safe operation of distribution system.
There are three sources of lightning stroke damage in overhead transmission line: straight lightning strike on tower top, round strike or straight strike to conductor and lightning induced surge. In addition, lightning incoming surge along the lines will intrude the power plant and substation after lightning flashover, it brings great menace to many electrical equipments. So based on present situation of overhead transmission line, study and compareson on current regular efforts for lightning protection have very important significance. The study can also provides a reference basis for operation work and design of lightning protection.
This paper summarizes the present situation and regular efforts for lightning protection of overhead lines up to 35kV.Based on the general conditions of tower and lines operated at 35kV and 10kV,the paper builds up some simulated calculation models for lightning overvoltage on the transmission lines by means of international universal advanced graphic electromagnetic transient calculation program ATPDraw3.4. The main work of this paper is calculation and theoretical analysis about all practicable efforts(such as installing overhead ground wires,upgrading insulation,improving grounding system of line poles and tower,adding lightning arresters along the line)to protect overhead high voltage transmission line from lightning strike.The paper proves that current regular efforts for lightning protection are still practical and effective,and provides some improving ideas for traditional protective measures.
引文
[1]张奎明,顾士勇,高贤.10kV架空绝缘导线雷击断线分析及对策.华东电力,2001,3:22-15
[2]刘德.丘陵地区35kV架空线路防雷分析.高电压技术,2006,32(11):160-162
[3]陈车彬.采用避雷器防止10kV架空绝缘导线雷击断线.中国电力,2003,36:39-42
[4]陈伟明.10kV架空绝缘导线雷击断线分析及预防.供用电,2005,22 (5):48-50
[5]项昌富,康应成,吴夕科等.架空绝缘配电线路防雷措施.供用电,1995,12(6):11-13
[6]李敏,罗彦,陶克志等.防止架空绝缘电缆雷击断线的实用技术.高电压技术,2001,27(104):54-55
[7]金玉琪.试论10kV架空绝缘导线的雷击断线问题.湖州师范学院学报,2006,28:113-117
[8]陈维江,孙昭英,周小波等.防止10kV架空绝缘导线雷击断线用穿刺型防弧金具的研制.电网技术,2005, 29(20):82-84
[9]黄庆祥.中压架空绝缘线路雷击断线浅析.高电压技术,2001,27(104):62-63
[10] Takashi Chino, Mikimasa Iwata, Sugio Imoto,et al. Development of Arcing Horn Device for Interrupting Ground-Fault Current of 77 kV Overhead Lines.IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,2005,20(4): 2570-2575
[11] Washino M,Fukuyama A,Kito K,et al. Development of current limiting arcing horn for prevention of lightning faults on distribution lines.IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1988,3(1):187-196
[12] Short T A,Ammon R H,Monitoring Results of the Effectiveness of Surge Arrester Spacings on Distribution Line Protection. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1999,14(3):1142-1150
[13]林智敏,万幸倍.上海城市架空绝缘配电线路防雷的技术措施.高电压技术,2004,30(9):73-74
[14]曹宏裕,王凯睿,罗彦等.架空绝缘导线雷击断线和雷击跳闸的防止.高电压技术,2004,30(136):37-38
[15]罗俊华,聂定珍,张锦秀等.35kV及以下架空绝缘电缆过电压保护技术.高电压技术,2000,26(3):40-43
[16] Borghetti A,Nucci C A,Paolone M,et al.Influence of Surge Arresters on the Statistical Evaluation of Lightning Performance of Distribution Lines. Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems,2004 International Conference,2004:776-781
[17] Thanaphong Thanasaksiri. Improving the Lightning Performance of Overhead Distribution Lines. TENCON 2004. 2004 IEEE Region 10 Conference,2004,3:369-372
[18]葛军凯.架空绝缘配电线路综合防雷措施的应用.华东电力2005,33(12):77-81
[19] H.Sugimoto,T.Kosuge,S.Yokoyama,er al. Study of Lightning Protection of Power Distribution Lines Located in Mountainous Areas.Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibit ion 2002: Asia Pacific. IEEE Press,2002,2:677-682
[20] Podporkin G V,Sivaev A D.Lightning Protection of Distribution Lines by Long Flashover Arresters(LFA).IEEE Trans on Power Deliver y,1998,13(3):814-823
[21]梁家训.钦州网区35kV输电线路防雷保护.广西电业,2006,8:78-79
[22]黄建成,郑江,林苗等.35kV无避雷线输电线路的有效防雷措施.广西电业,2005,12:82-83
[23]于义亮,李永毅.线路型避雷器在35kV线路上的推广应用.西北电力技术,2002,6:56-58
[24]施荣,屠幼萍,张媛媛等.避雷器改善35kV配电线路耐雷水平的效果分析.电网技术,2006,10(30):92-95
[25]张小和.35kV输变电架空线路的防雷措施.广东水利电力职业技术学院学报,2004,6(2):25-27
[26]陈新岗,袁涛,陈渝光等.线路型避雷器在输电线路防雷中的应用.高电压技术,2003,12(29):17-19
[27] (加)Dommel H.W著,李永庄译.电力系统电磁暂态计算理论.北京:水利电力出版社,1991
[28]李明贵,鲁铁成.高压架空输电线路雷击过电压的仿真计算与分析研究之一:输电线路雷电过电压仿真计算模型的建立.广西电力,2005,4:7-10
[29]张纬钹,何金良,高玉明.过电压防护及绝缘配合.北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[30] DL/T 620-1997,交流电气装置的过电压保护和绝缘配合
[31]李福寿.电力系统过电压计算.北京:水利水电出版社,1988
[32]文习山,彭向阳,解广润.架空配电线路感应雷过电压的数值计算.中国电机工程学报,1998,7(18):299-301
[33] Akiyasu Sakakibara.Caculation of induced voltages on overhead lines caused by inclined lightning stokes.IEEE Trans Power Deliver y,1989,4(1):683-693
[34] Chowdhuri P. Response of overhead line of finite length to nearby lightning strokes.IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1991,6(1):343-351
[35] Chowduri P. Analysis of lightning-induced voltages on overhead lines.IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1989,4(1):479-492
[36] Nucci C A.Lightning induced voltages on overhead lines.IEEE Trans on Electromagnetic Compatibility,1993,35(1):75-86
[37] Nucci C A ,Rachidi F.On the contribution of the electromagnetic field components in field-to-transmission line interaction.IEEE Trans on Electromagnetic Compatibility,1995,37(4):505-508
[38] Chowdhuri P.Lightning-induced voltages on multiconductor overhead lines.IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1990,5(2):658-667
[39]莫付江,陈允平,阮江军.架空输电线路雷击感应过电压耦合机理及计算方法分析.电网技术,2005,3(29):72-77
[40]莫付江.架空线路上场线耦合感应电压计算中杆塔迎面先导高度的影响研究.电气应用,2006,8(25):72-75
[41]刘强,谷定燮,张元芳.雷击杆塔塔顶时导线上感应电压敏感性分析.高电压技术,2005,3(31):31-33
[42]谷定燮.500kV输变电工程设计中雷电过电压问题.高电压技术,2000,12(26):60-62
[43]陶元忠,包建强.输电线路绝缘子运行技术手册.北京:中国电力出版社,2002
[44]崔学志,刘振平,李怡民等.10kV配电线路工程标准设计.北京:中国电力出版社,2002
[45]邵学俭,周浩.10kV架空绝缘防雷击技术研究.浙江电力,2006,4:22-25
[46] SHuji Furukawa,Osamu Usuda.Development and Application of light ning arresters for transmission lines.IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1989,4(4):2121-2129
[47]李明贵,鲁铁成.高压架空输电线路雷击过电压的仿真计算与分析研究之三:影响输电线路耐雷水平因素的仿真计算与分析.广西电力,2005,6:1-4
[48] McDermott T E,Short T A,Anderson J G.Lightning protection of distribution lines.IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1994,9(1):138-152
[49] Short T A,Anderson J G.Algorithms for calculation of lightning induced voltages on distribution lines.IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1993,8(3):1217-1225
[50] Jose O.S,Antonio E.A,Glassio C,et al.Lightning induced voltage calculation in lossy transmission lines. IEEE Trans on Magne tics,1998,34(5):2807-2810
[51] Victor F. Calculation of fault rates of overhead power distribution Lines due to lightning-induced voltages including the effect of ground conductivity.IEEE Trans on Electromagnetic Compatibility,1995 (3):392-398
[52]崔学志,刘振平,侯金龙等.35kV线路工程标准设计.北京:中国电力出版社,2002
[53]侯牧武,曾嵘,何金良.感应过电压对输电线路耐雷水平的影响.电网技术,2004,6(28):46-49
[54]李明贵,鲁铁成.高压架空输电线路雷击过电压的仿真计算与分析研究之二:输电线路耐雷水平与雷击跳闸率的仿真计算分析.广西电力,2005,5:1-3
[2]刘德.丘陵地区35kV架空线路防雷分析.高电压技术,2006,32(11):160-162
[3]陈车彬.采用避雷器防止10kV架空绝缘导线雷击断线.中国电力,2003,36:39-42
[4]陈伟明.10kV架空绝缘导线雷击断线分析及预防.供用电,2005,22 (5):48-50
[5]项昌富,康应成,吴夕科等.架空绝缘配电线路防雷措施.供用电,1995,12(6):11-13
[6]李敏,罗彦,陶克志等.防止架空绝缘电缆雷击断线的实用技术.高电压技术,2001,27(104):54-55
[7]金玉琪.试论10kV架空绝缘导线的雷击断线问题.湖州师范学院学报,2006,28:113-117
[8]陈维江,孙昭英,周小波等.防止10kV架空绝缘导线雷击断线用穿刺型防弧金具的研制.电网技术,2005, 29(20):82-84
[9]黄庆祥.中压架空绝缘线路雷击断线浅析.高电压技术,2001,27(104):62-63
[10] Takashi Chino, Mikimasa Iwata, Sugio Imoto,et al. Development of Arcing Horn Device for Interrupting Ground-Fault Current of 77 kV Overhead Lines.IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,2005,20(4): 2570-2575
[11] Washino M,Fukuyama A,Kito K,et al. Development of current limiting arcing horn for prevention of lightning faults on distribution lines.IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1988,3(1):187-196
[12] Short T A,Ammon R H,Monitoring Results of the Effectiveness of Surge Arrester Spacings on Distribution Line Protection. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1999,14(3):1142-1150
[13]林智敏,万幸倍.上海城市架空绝缘配电线路防雷的技术措施.高电压技术,2004,30(9):73-74
[14]曹宏裕,王凯睿,罗彦等.架空绝缘导线雷击断线和雷击跳闸的防止.高电压技术,2004,30(136):37-38
[15]罗俊华,聂定珍,张锦秀等.35kV及以下架空绝缘电缆过电压保护技术.高电压技术,2000,26(3):40-43
[16] Borghetti A,Nucci C A,Paolone M,et al.Influence of Surge Arresters on the Statistical Evaluation of Lightning Performance of Distribution Lines. Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems,2004 International Conference,2004:776-781
[17] Thanaphong Thanasaksiri. Improving the Lightning Performance of Overhead Distribution Lines. TENCON 2004. 2004 IEEE Region 10 Conference,2004,3:369-372
[18]葛军凯.架空绝缘配电线路综合防雷措施的应用.华东电力2005,33(12):77-81
[19] H.Sugimoto,T.Kosuge,S.Yokoyama,er al. Study of Lightning Protection of Power Distribution Lines Located in Mountainous Areas.Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibit ion 2002: Asia Pacific. IEEE Press,2002,2:677-682
[20] Podporkin G V,Sivaev A D.Lightning Protection of Distribution Lines by Long Flashover Arresters(LFA).IEEE Trans on Power Deliver y,1998,13(3):814-823
[21]梁家训.钦州网区35kV输电线路防雷保护.广西电业,2006,8:78-79
[22]黄建成,郑江,林苗等.35kV无避雷线输电线路的有效防雷措施.广西电业,2005,12:82-83
[23]于义亮,李永毅.线路型避雷器在35kV线路上的推广应用.西北电力技术,2002,6:56-58
[24]施荣,屠幼萍,张媛媛等.避雷器改善35kV配电线路耐雷水平的效果分析.电网技术,2006,10(30):92-95
[25]张小和.35kV输变电架空线路的防雷措施.广东水利电力职业技术学院学报,2004,6(2):25-27
[26]陈新岗,袁涛,陈渝光等.线路型避雷器在输电线路防雷中的应用.高电压技术,2003,12(29):17-19
[27] (加)Dommel H.W著,李永庄译.电力系统电磁暂态计算理论.北京:水利电力出版社,1991
[28]李明贵,鲁铁成.高压架空输电线路雷击过电压的仿真计算与分析研究之一:输电线路雷电过电压仿真计算模型的建立.广西电力,2005,4:7-10
[29]张纬钹,何金良,高玉明.过电压防护及绝缘配合.北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[30] DL/T 620-1997,交流电气装置的过电压保护和绝缘配合
[31]李福寿.电力系统过电压计算.北京:水利水电出版社,1988
[32]文习山,彭向阳,解广润.架空配电线路感应雷过电压的数值计算.中国电机工程学报,1998,7(18):299-301
[33] Akiyasu Sakakibara.Caculation of induced voltages on overhead lines caused by inclined lightning stokes.IEEE Trans Power Deliver y,1989,4(1):683-693
[34] Chowdhuri P. Response of overhead line of finite length to nearby lightning strokes.IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1991,6(1):343-351
[35] Chowduri P. Analysis of lightning-induced voltages on overhead lines.IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1989,4(1):479-492
[36] Nucci C A.Lightning induced voltages on overhead lines.IEEE Trans on Electromagnetic Compatibility,1993,35(1):75-86
[37] Nucci C A ,Rachidi F.On the contribution of the electromagnetic field components in field-to-transmission line interaction.IEEE Trans on Electromagnetic Compatibility,1995,37(4):505-508
[38] Chowdhuri P.Lightning-induced voltages on multiconductor overhead lines.IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1990,5(2):658-667
[39]莫付江,陈允平,阮江军.架空输电线路雷击感应过电压耦合机理及计算方法分析.电网技术,2005,3(29):72-77
[40]莫付江.架空线路上场线耦合感应电压计算中杆塔迎面先导高度的影响研究.电气应用,2006,8(25):72-75
[41]刘强,谷定燮,张元芳.雷击杆塔塔顶时导线上感应电压敏感性分析.高电压技术,2005,3(31):31-33
[42]谷定燮.500kV输变电工程设计中雷电过电压问题.高电压技术,2000,12(26):60-62
[43]陶元忠,包建强.输电线路绝缘子运行技术手册.北京:中国电力出版社,2002
[44]崔学志,刘振平,李怡民等.10kV配电线路工程标准设计.北京:中国电力出版社,2002
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