电力系统中的电压瞬间跌落研究
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摘要
作为现代电能质量的重要部分，电压瞬间跌落产生的危害日益严重。巨大经济损失，使得电压瞬间跌落问题在全球尤其是发达国家受到广泛的关注。电力市场的发展对电压瞬间跌落提出更加严格的限制。
本文给出了电压瞬间跌落的基本概念、描述特征及其统计计算的基本方法，分析了电压瞬间跌落的概率分布、对电力系统和用户的巨大危害。由于瞬时性短路故障是造成电压瞬间跌落的主要因素，本文给出了一种基于瞬时性短路故障计算的电压瞬间跌落评估的新方法，可以对配电网络中的某一特定节点进行电压瞬间跌落各种指标的评估，并根据该节点敏感负荷的特性，估计敏感负荷受到电压瞬间跌落的影响。接下来用本文开发的程序对IEEE 30节点系统进行电压瞬间跌落评估，并对评估结果进行了直观显示和分析。最后提出了限制和减少电压瞬间跌落对敏感负荷影响的措施。
The voltage sag, one of the most important dynamic power quality disturbances, may cause the misoperation of an electric power system's sensitive loads and cost a lot of money. Voltage sag has been given great interests all over the world, especially in the industrialized countries.
This thesis presents the basic concepts, the characterization of voltage sag, which includes magnitude, duration, and phase-angle jumps. The basic voltage sag analytical techniques based on circuit theory and reliability theory is followed. Methods of their measurements and calculations are also been discussed. Stochastic assessment and harmfulness of voltage sags are given out, too. A new method based on fault analysis (short circuit) theory is given out to estimate voltage sag levels and the number of voltages sags at a particular customer location in a distribution system. As an example, the IEEE 30 nodes system has been calculated and the results been analyzed. In the end some countermeasures against voltage sags are given out.
本文给出了电压瞬间跌落的基本概念、描述特征及其统计计算的基本方法，分析了电压瞬间跌落的概率分布、对电力系统和用户的巨大危害。由于瞬时性短路故障是造成电压瞬间跌落的主要因素，本文给出了一种基于瞬时性短路故障计算的电压瞬间跌落评估的新方法，可以对配电网络中的某一特定节点进行电压瞬间跌落各种指标的评估，并根据该节点敏感负荷的特性，估计敏感负荷受到电压瞬间跌落的影响。接下来用本文开发的程序对IEEE 30节点系统进行电压瞬间跌落评估，并对评估结果进行了直观显示和分析。最后提出了限制和减少电压瞬间跌落对敏感负荷影响的措施。
The voltage sag, one of the most important dynamic power quality disturbances, may cause the misoperation of an electric power system's sensitive loads and cost a lot of money. Voltage sag has been given great interests all over the world, especially in the industrialized countries.
This thesis presents the basic concepts, the characterization of voltage sag, which includes magnitude, duration, and phase-angle jumps. The basic voltage sag analytical techniques based on circuit theory and reliability theory is followed. Methods of their measurements and calculations are also been discussed. Stochastic assessment and harmfulness of voltage sags are given out, too. A new method based on fault analysis (short circuit) theory is given out to estimate voltage sag levels and the number of voltages sags at a particular customer location in a distribution system. As an example, the IEEE 30 nodes system has been calculated and the results been analyzed. In the end some countermeasures against voltage sags are given out.
引文
1. M. R. Qader, H. J. Bollen. R. N. Allan. Stochastic Prediction of Voltage Sags in a Large Transmission System. IEEE Transactions on Industry Application, Vol. 35, NO.1, Jan. 1999, 35(1): 152-162
2. H. J. Bollen. The Influence of Motor Reacceleration on Voltage Sags, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. Vol. 31, No. 4, July/August, 1995
3. W. Braun, J. K. Carrich, T. Dilibreti. Proposed Chapter 9 for Predicting Voltage Sags in Revision to IEEE Std 493, the Gold Book
4. H. J. Bollen. Understanding Power Quality Problems. Voltage Sags and Interruptions. IEEE PRESS 2000
5. P. Wang, N. Jenkins, H. J. Bollen. Experimental Investigation of Voltage Sag Mitigation by an Advanced Static VAR Compensator. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1998, 13(4): 1461-1467
6. D. L. Brooks, R. Cdugan. Indices for Assessing Utility Distribution System RMS Variation Performance, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 13, No.1, January 1997, 254-259
7．J. Martinon, O. Poisson，F. Dechateauvieux．防止电压跌落和短时中断以满足用户需求．1999年第15届国际供电会议论文集，中国电机工程学会城市供电专业委员会，1999
8. D. O. Koval. Power Quality Characteristics of Rural Electric Secondary Power Systems. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applily. Vol. 35, No. 2 Mar. 1999 332-337
9. C. J. Melhorn. Voltage Sags: Their Impact on the Utility and Industrial Customers. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. Vol. 34, No. 3 May. 1998 549-554
10. D. O. Koval, Canadian National Power Quality Survey: Frequency and Duration Sags and Surges at Industrial Sites IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. Vol. 34 No. 5 October, 1997 904-909
11. D. O. Koval, Canadian National Power Quality Survey: Frequency of Industrial and Commercial Voltage Sags. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. Vol. 33No. 3 May 1997 622-626
12. H. J. Bollen, Characterization of Voltage Sags Experienced by Three-phase Adjustable-speed Drives. IEEE Transactions on Power delivery. Vol. 12, No. 4, Oct 1997.
13. H. J. Bollen, G. Yalcinkaya, G. Hazza. The Use of Electromagnetic Transient Programs for Voltage Sag Analysis. ICHQP'98, Athens, Greece, October 14-16,1998,598-603
14. R. Langley, A. Mansoor, E. R. Collins, J. R. L. Morgan. Voltage Sag Ride-through Testing of Adjustable Speed Drives Using a Controllable Dynamic Dynamometer. ICHQP'98, Athens, Greece, October 14-16, 1998. 566-571.
15. G. T. Heydt, A. W. Galli. Transient Power Quality Problems Analyzed Using Wavelets. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 12, No. 2, April 1997.
16. J. Ruiz, J. Ortuondo, N. P. Javier. Real Time Power Supply Quality Measurement and Monitor Multichannel System. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. Vol. 10. No. 3 1995.
17. O. Poisson, P.Rioual, M. Meunier. New Signal Processing Tools Applied to Power Quality Analysis. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. Vol. 14, No. 2, April 1999.
18. L. Angrisani, P. Daponte, M. D. Apuzzo, A. Testa. A Measurement Method Based on The Wavelet Transform for Power Quality Analysis. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 13, No. 4, Oct. 1998.
19. C. P. Antony, W. M. Grady, J. P. Edward. A Wavelet-Based Procedure for Automatically Determining the Beginning and End of Transmission System Voltage Sags. IEEE Winter Proceeding 2000.
20. IEEE Brown Book. Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Analysis. Published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc
21. P. Heine, P. Pohjanheimo, M. Lehtonen, E. Lakervi. A Method for Estimating the Frequency and Cost of Voltage Sags. IEEE Transactions On Power System. 2002, 17(2)
22. P. B. Steciuk, J. R Redmon. Voltage Sag Analysis Peaks Customer Service. IEEE Computer Application in Power. 1996, 9 (4)
23. Custom Power State of the Art Working Group. 2002 [205]
24. H. J. Bollen. IEEE Tutorial On Voltage Sag Analysis. 1999
25. C. D. Roger, F. M. Mark, H. W. Beaty. Electrical Power Systems Quality. 1996
26. J. Martinon, O. Poisson, F. D. Eauvieux. A Project About Voltage Dips and Short Interruptions to Meet Customers Requirements. 供用电. 2001, 18 (2)
27．肖湘宁，徐永海．电能质量问题剖析．电网技术．2001年3月
28．韩英铎等，信息电力与FACTS及DFACTS技术，电力系统及其自动化，2000年10月
29．肖遥．供电系统的电压瞬间跌落．电网技术．2001年1月
30. R. C. Dugan, M. F. Mcgranaghan, H. W. Beaty. Electrical-Power Quality
31．谭浩强．C程序设计(第二版)，清华大学出版社．2001年1月
32．S.B.Lippman著．侯捷译．Essential C++中文版．华中科技大学出版社．2001年8月
33．林海雪．现代电能质量的基本问题．电网技术．2001年10月
34．黄华．现代电能质量的新问题及其应对策略．华东电力．2002年第3期
35. E.Lakervi. Voltage Sag Mitigation Though Distribution System Design, 2000 IEEE
36．赵剑峰，蒋平，唐国庆．配电系统串联型电能质量补偿器的研究．电力系统及其自动化．2001年6月
37．赵剑峰，蒋平，唐国庆，李乃湖．基于电压型逆变器的串联型电能质量补偿器与电力系统相互作用的研究．中国电机工程学报．2001年4月
38．林海雪．电压电流频率和电能质量国家标准应用手册．中国电力出版社．2001
39. S. O. Faried, S. Aboreshaid, Stochastic evaluation of voltage sags in series capacitor compensated radial distribution systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Volume: 18, Issue: 3, July 2003, Pages: 744-750
40. A. Sannino, M. G. Miller, H. J. Bollen. Overview of Voltage sag Mitigation. Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 2000. IEEE, Volume: 4, 23-27 Jan. 2000 Pages: 2872-2878 vol. 4
41. A. Sannino, J. Svensson. Application of Converter-based Series Device for Voltage Sag Mitigation to Induction Motor Load, Power Tech Proceedings, 2001 IEEE Porto, Volume: 2, 10-13 Sept. 2001 Pages: 6 pp. vol.2
42．唐志，杨溯，马维新．串联型电能质量补偿器主电路设计方案．电力系统自动化．2002年10月
43．杨溯，韩英铎，马维新．单相串联电压质量补偿器控制器的研究．电力系统自动化．2002年8月
44. P. B. Steciuk. J. R. Redmon. Voltage Sag Analysis Peaks Customer Service, IEEE computer Application in Power. 1996年
45．杨溯，韩英铎等．动态电压调节器串联补偿电压研究．电力系统自动化．2001年5月
46．刘玲群，肖湘宁．供电电压凹陷域的分析．现代电力．2001年5月
47．肖湘宁，徐永海，刘连光编著．《供电系统电能质量》．华北电力大学．2000年8月
48．李成章．如何为计算机网络选配UPS电源．电源世界．2002年2月
49. Edward Reid W. Power Quality Issues——Standards and Guidelines. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. 1996, 32(3)
50．杨洪耕，肖先勇，刘俊勇．电能质量问题的研究和技术发展(一)．电力自动化设备．2003年10月
51．黄华．现代电能质量的新问题及其应对策略．华东电力．2002年3月
52. M. Samotyj, C. Gellings, M. Amin. Power System Infrastructure for a Digital Society: Creating the New Frontiers. ELECTRA. October 2003
53．肖湘宁，徐永海，刘连光．考虑相位跳变的电压凹陷动态补偿控制器研究．中国电机工程学报．2002年1月
54. Alain Robert. Quality and Security of Electric Power Delivery Systems. ELECTRA. October 2003
55. Application guide to the European standard EN50160 on voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public distribution systems. UNPEDE Standardization Specific Committee, 1995
56. D. L. Brooks, R. C. Dugan, M. Waclawiak. Indices for assessing distribution system RMS variation performance. Http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/1159/3/docs.html
57. N. S. Tunaboylu, E. R. Collins, P. R. Chaney. Voltage Disturbance Evaluation Using the Missing Voltage Technique. Proceeding of IEEE ICHQP Ⅶ Las Vegas, NV 1998: 577-582.
58．GBT15544-1995，《中华人民共和国三相交流系统短路电流计算》．
59. IEEE BROWN BOOK. Power Systems Analysis. Published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Inc. 1997
60. G. Gregory. North American or IEC standards for circuit breakers-what is the choice for North America? Thirty-Fourth IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE, Volume 4, 1999 Page(s): 2327-2336
61．关于暂态电能质量对奥运村及比赛场馆的影响分析与对策研究的建议，http://www.bast.cn.net/kjbk/bjkx/200212/b30203-08.htm
62．杨洪耕，肖先勇，刘俊勇．电能质量问题的研究和技术发展(三)．电力自动化设备．2003年12月
63．韩祯祥．电力系统分析．浙江大学出版社，1993年8月
64．刘逊，朱晓光，诸旭，蒋晓华．基于超导储能的瞬时电压跌落补偿．电力系统自动化．2004年2月第3期
65．国家机械工业局．中国机电产品目录．第13册．机械工业出版社，2000年
2. H. J. Bollen. The Influence of Motor Reacceleration on Voltage Sags, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. Vol. 31, No. 4, July/August, 1995
3. W. Braun, J. K. Carrich, T. Dilibreti. Proposed Chapter 9 for Predicting Voltage Sags in Revision to IEEE Std 493, the Gold Book
4. H. J. Bollen. Understanding Power Quality Problems. Voltage Sags and Interruptions. IEEE PRESS 2000
5. P. Wang, N. Jenkins, H. J. Bollen. Experimental Investigation of Voltage Sag Mitigation by an Advanced Static VAR Compensator. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1998, 13(4): 1461-1467
6. D. L. Brooks, R. Cdugan. Indices for Assessing Utility Distribution System RMS Variation Performance, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 13, No.1, January 1997, 254-259
7．J. Martinon, O. Poisson，F. Dechateauvieux．防止电压跌落和短时中断以满足用户需求．1999年第15届国际供电会议论文集，中国电机工程学会城市供电专业委员会，1999
8. D. O. Koval. Power Quality Characteristics of Rural Electric Secondary Power Systems. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applily. Vol. 35, No. 2 Mar. 1999 332-337
9. C. J. Melhorn. Voltage Sags: Their Impact on the Utility and Industrial Customers. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. Vol. 34, No. 3 May. 1998 549-554
10. D. O. Koval, Canadian National Power Quality Survey: Frequency and Duration Sags and Surges at Industrial Sites IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. Vol. 34 No. 5 October, 1997 904-909
11. D. O. Koval, Canadian National Power Quality Survey: Frequency of Industrial and Commercial Voltage Sags. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. Vol. 33No. 3 May 1997 622-626
12. H. J. Bollen, Characterization of Voltage Sags Experienced by Three-phase Adjustable-speed Drives. IEEE Transactions on Power delivery. Vol. 12, No. 4, Oct 1997.
13. H. J. Bollen, G. Yalcinkaya, G. Hazza. The Use of Electromagnetic Transient Programs for Voltage Sag Analysis. ICHQP'98, Athens, Greece, October 14-16,1998,598-603
14. R. Langley, A. Mansoor, E. R. Collins, J. R. L. Morgan. Voltage Sag Ride-through Testing of Adjustable Speed Drives Using a Controllable Dynamic Dynamometer. ICHQP'98, Athens, Greece, October 14-16, 1998. 566-571.
15. G. T. Heydt, A. W. Galli. Transient Power Quality Problems Analyzed Using Wavelets. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 12, No. 2, April 1997.
16. J. Ruiz, J. Ortuondo, N. P. Javier. Real Time Power Supply Quality Measurement and Monitor Multichannel System. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. Vol. 10. No. 3 1995.
17. O. Poisson, P.Rioual, M. Meunier. New Signal Processing Tools Applied to Power Quality Analysis. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. Vol. 14, No. 2, April 1999.
18. L. Angrisani, P. Daponte, M. D. Apuzzo, A. Testa. A Measurement Method Based on The Wavelet Transform for Power Quality Analysis. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 13, No. 4, Oct. 1998.
19. C. P. Antony, W. M. Grady, J. P. Edward. A Wavelet-Based Procedure for Automatically Determining the Beginning and End of Transmission System Voltage Sags. IEEE Winter Proceeding 2000.
20. IEEE Brown Book. Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Analysis. Published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc
21. P. Heine, P. Pohjanheimo, M. Lehtonen, E. Lakervi. A Method for Estimating the Frequency and Cost of Voltage Sags. IEEE Transactions On Power System. 2002, 17(2)
22. P. B. Steciuk, J. R Redmon. Voltage Sag Analysis Peaks Customer Service. IEEE Computer Application in Power. 1996, 9 (4)
23. Custom Power State of the Art Working Group. 2002 [205]
24. H. J. Bollen. IEEE Tutorial On Voltage Sag Analysis. 1999
25. C. D. Roger, F. M. Mark, H. W. Beaty. Electrical Power Systems Quality. 1996
26. J. Martinon, O. Poisson, F. D. Eauvieux. A Project About Voltage Dips and Short Interruptions to Meet Customers Requirements. 供用电. 2001, 18 (2)
27．肖湘宁，徐永海．电能质量问题剖析．电网技术．2001年3月
28．韩英铎等，信息电力与FACTS及DFACTS技术，电力系统及其自动化，2000年10月
29．肖遥．供电系统的电压瞬间跌落．电网技术．2001年1月
30. R. C. Dugan, M. F. Mcgranaghan, H. W. Beaty. Electrical-Power Quality
31．谭浩强．C程序设计(第二版)，清华大学出版社．2001年1月
32．S.B.Lippman著．侯捷译．Essential C++中文版．华中科技大学出版社．2001年8月
33．林海雪．现代电能质量的基本问题．电网技术．2001年10月
34．黄华．现代电能质量的新问题及其应对策略．华东电力．2002年第3期
35. E.Lakervi. Voltage Sag Mitigation Though Distribution System Design, 2000 IEEE
36．赵剑峰，蒋平，唐国庆．配电系统串联型电能质量补偿器的研究．电力系统及其自动化．2001年6月
37．赵剑峰，蒋平，唐国庆，李乃湖．基于电压型逆变器的串联型电能质量补偿器与电力系统相互作用的研究．中国电机工程学报．2001年4月
38．林海雪．电压电流频率和电能质量国家标准应用手册．中国电力出版社．2001
39. S. O. Faried, S. Aboreshaid, Stochastic evaluation of voltage sags in series capacitor compensated radial distribution systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Volume: 18, Issue: 3, July 2003, Pages: 744-750
40. A. Sannino, M. G. Miller, H. J. Bollen. Overview of Voltage sag Mitigation. Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 2000. IEEE, Volume: 4, 23-27 Jan. 2000 Pages: 2872-2878 vol. 4
41. A. Sannino, J. Svensson. Application of Converter-based Series Device for Voltage Sag Mitigation to Induction Motor Load, Power Tech Proceedings, 2001 IEEE Porto, Volume: 2, 10-13 Sept. 2001 Pages: 6 pp. vol.2
42．唐志，杨溯，马维新．串联型电能质量补偿器主电路设计方案．电力系统自动化．2002年10月
43．杨溯，韩英铎，马维新．单相串联电压质量补偿器控制器的研究．电力系统自动化．2002年8月
44. P. B. Steciuk. J. R. Redmon. Voltage Sag Analysis Peaks Customer Service, IEEE computer Application in Power. 1996年
45．杨溯，韩英铎等．动态电压调节器串联补偿电压研究．电力系统自动化．2001年5月
46．刘玲群，肖湘宁．供电电压凹陷域的分析．现代电力．2001年5月
47．肖湘宁，徐永海，刘连光编著．《供电系统电能质量》．华北电力大学．2000年8月
48．李成章．如何为计算机网络选配UPS电源．电源世界．2002年2月
49. Edward Reid W. Power Quality Issues——Standards and Guidelines. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. 1996, 32(3)
50．杨洪耕，肖先勇，刘俊勇．电能质量问题的研究和技术发展(一)．电力自动化设备．2003年10月
51．黄华．现代电能质量的新问题及其应对策略．华东电力．2002年3月
52. M. Samotyj, C. Gellings, M. Amin. Power System Infrastructure for a Digital Society: Creating the New Frontiers. ELECTRA. October 2003
53．肖湘宁，徐永海，刘连光．考虑相位跳变的电压凹陷动态补偿控制器研究．中国电机工程学报．2002年1月
54. Alain Robert. Quality and Security of Electric Power Delivery Systems. ELECTRA. October 2003
55. Application guide to the European standard EN50160 on voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public distribution systems. UNPEDE Standardization Specific Committee, 1995
56. D. L. Brooks, R. C. Dugan, M. Waclawiak. Indices for assessing distribution system RMS variation performance. Http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/1159/3/docs.html
57. N. S. Tunaboylu, E. R. Collins, P. R. Chaney. Voltage Disturbance Evaluation Using the Missing Voltage Technique. Proceeding of IEEE ICHQP Ⅶ Las Vegas, NV 1998: 577-582.
58．GBT15544-1995，《中华人民共和国三相交流系统短路电流计算》．
59. IEEE BROWN BOOK. Power Systems Analysis. Published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Inc. 1997
60. G. Gregory. North American or IEC standards for circuit breakers-what is the choice for North America? Thirty-Fourth IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE, Volume 4, 1999 Page(s): 2327-2336
61．关于暂态电能质量对奥运村及比赛场馆的影响分析与对策研究的建议，http://www.bast.cn.net/kjbk/bjkx/200212/b30203-08.htm
62．杨洪耕，肖先勇，刘俊勇．电能质量问题的研究和技术发展(三)．电力自动化设备．2003年12月
63．韩祯祥．电力系统分析．浙江大学出版社，1993年8月
64．刘逊，朱晓光，诸旭，蒋晓华．基于超导储能的瞬时电压跌落补偿．电力系统自动化．2004年2月第3期
65．国家机械工业局．中国机电产品目录．第13册．机械工业出版社，2000年