电压闪变检测仪的研究
摘要
电压闪变是衡量电能质量的一个重要指标。随着一些具有冲击性、非线性负荷的用电设备的广泛使用,电压闪变造成的危害愈演愈烈,导致用电设备的受损,威胁电网的安全运行,严重影响了电能质量。
本文对电压闪变检测方法进行了理论分析和研究,分析了平方检波法、全波整流检波法、有效值检波法、小波变换同步检波法、Hilbert变换检波法等五种常用的电压闪变检测方法,提出了基于能量算子的电压闪变检测方法并给出了基于能量算子的离散化电压闪变检测的计算公式。利用MATLAB仿真工具,采用平方检波法、Hilbert变换法和能量算子算法对含有单一频率调幅波和含有多频率调幅波信号分别进行了仿真分析,通过对比仿真结果,验证了能量算子算法应用在电压闪变检测的合理性和准确性。详细分析了IEC推荐的闪变仪闪变值的计算方法,并在Simulink环境下搭建仿真框图,进行了仿真验证。在此基础上,提出了对电压闪变信号进行FFT变换的离散化计算闪变值的方法,并给出了该方法的计算步骤。通过仿真计算结果表明,与IEC推荐的闪变仪采用的闪变值计算方法相比,在能量算子算法的基础上基于FFT的计算闪变值的方法不仅对于闪变值的计算更加准确,而且计算过程更加简便。
在对电压闪变检测方法和闪变值计算方法进行理论研究的基础上,设计了一套能够检测电网基本电力参数和电压闪变参数、实时检测并存储故障事件、并具有人机接口和网络通信功能的电压闪变检测仪。该检测仪以TI公司的TMS320F2812为核心,并对系统的各个硬件部分进行了详细的阐述。采用模块化程序设计思想,设计了各个模块的软件。最后对本文所设计的电压闪变检测仪进行了测试,结果表明,达到设计要求。
Voltage flicker is one of the most important indexs to assess power quality. With the widely used of electrical equipment with the impactive load and non-linear load, voltage flicker caused more and more serious harm. It caused damage to electrical equipment, affected the safe operation of power grid, maked a serious impact on power quality.
This paper analyzes of the voltage flicker demodulation methods detailed. Based on the basic principle of several voltage flicker demodulation methods, such as the square demodulation method, full-wave recetifier demodulation method, the RMS demodulation method, wavelet transform demodulation method, Hilbert transform demodulation method, the voltage flicker demodulation method based on energy operator is proposed, and the discretization formula of the method of the voltage flicker demodulation based on energy operator is derived. It is vertified that the energy operator algorithm is applied to voltage flicker measurement feasibility not only with the singel-frequency amplitude flicker signal but also with the multi-frequency amplitude flicker signal by the simulation software of MATLAB.The simulation analysis is proved that the voltage flicker method based on energy operator is accurate and reasonably by comparing with the detection results of square demodulation method and Hilbert transform demodulation method. The method to calculate the flicker severity used by the IEC recommended flicker meter is introduced and simulated in the simulink simulation. In order to get voltage flicker index accurately, based on the analysis of the method to calculate the flcker severity used by the IEC recommended flicker meter, a method based on FFT to calculate the flicker severity is advanced, and the calculating steps of the method is given.Simulation results concluded that the method based on FFT is more simple and convenient by compared with the method used by the IEC recommended flicker meter.
Based on the analysis of voltage flicker demodulation method and the method to calculate the flicker severity, a instrument for measurement of voltage flicker with a human machine interface and network communication functions. It can measure basic electrical parameters and voltage flicker parameters, immediately test and store the failure envent. The hardware system of this instrument used TMS320F2812 from TI as the core, and the each hardware component of the system is described in detail. We apply modular program design method to the design of the software of each module in the system.Finally through the experimental test, we verify the feasibility of the voltage flicker measurement method and the flicker value calculation method applied in this paper.
本文对电压闪变检测方法进行了理论分析和研究,分析了平方检波法、全波整流检波法、有效值检波法、小波变换同步检波法、Hilbert变换检波法等五种常用的电压闪变检测方法,提出了基于能量算子的电压闪变检测方法并给出了基于能量算子的离散化电压闪变检测的计算公式。利用MATLAB仿真工具,采用平方检波法、Hilbert变换法和能量算子算法对含有单一频率调幅波和含有多频率调幅波信号分别进行了仿真分析,通过对比仿真结果,验证了能量算子算法应用在电压闪变检测的合理性和准确性。详细分析了IEC推荐的闪变仪闪变值的计算方法,并在Simulink环境下搭建仿真框图,进行了仿真验证。在此基础上,提出了对电压闪变信号进行FFT变换的离散化计算闪变值的方法,并给出了该方法的计算步骤。通过仿真计算结果表明,与IEC推荐的闪变仪采用的闪变值计算方法相比,在能量算子算法的基础上基于FFT的计算闪变值的方法不仅对于闪变值的计算更加准确,而且计算过程更加简便。
在对电压闪变检测方法和闪变值计算方法进行理论研究的基础上,设计了一套能够检测电网基本电力参数和电压闪变参数、实时检测并存储故障事件、并具有人机接口和网络通信功能的电压闪变检测仪。该检测仪以TI公司的TMS320F2812为核心,并对系统的各个硬件部分进行了详细的阐述。采用模块化程序设计思想,设计了各个模块的软件。最后对本文所设计的电压闪变检测仪进行了测试,结果表明,达到设计要求。
Voltage flicker is one of the most important indexs to assess power quality. With the widely used of electrical equipment with the impactive load and non-linear load, voltage flicker caused more and more serious harm. It caused damage to electrical equipment, affected the safe operation of power grid, maked a serious impact on power quality.
This paper analyzes of the voltage flicker demodulation methods detailed. Based on the basic principle of several voltage flicker demodulation methods, such as the square demodulation method, full-wave recetifier demodulation method, the RMS demodulation method, wavelet transform demodulation method, Hilbert transform demodulation method, the voltage flicker demodulation method based on energy operator is proposed, and the discretization formula of the method of the voltage flicker demodulation based on energy operator is derived. It is vertified that the energy operator algorithm is applied to voltage flicker measurement feasibility not only with the singel-frequency amplitude flicker signal but also with the multi-frequency amplitude flicker signal by the simulation software of MATLAB.The simulation analysis is proved that the voltage flicker method based on energy operator is accurate and reasonably by comparing with the detection results of square demodulation method and Hilbert transform demodulation method. The method to calculate the flicker severity used by the IEC recommended flicker meter is introduced and simulated in the simulink simulation. In order to get voltage flicker index accurately, based on the analysis of the method to calculate the flcker severity used by the IEC recommended flicker meter, a method based on FFT to calculate the flicker severity is advanced, and the calculating steps of the method is given.Simulation results concluded that the method based on FFT is more simple and convenient by compared with the method used by the IEC recommended flicker meter.
Based on the analysis of voltage flicker demodulation method and the method to calculate the flicker severity, a instrument for measurement of voltage flicker with a human machine interface and network communication functions. It can measure basic electrical parameters and voltage flicker parameters, immediately test and store the failure envent. The hardware system of this instrument used TMS320F2812 from TI as the core, and the each hardware component of the system is described in detail. We apply modular program design method to the design of the software of each module in the system.Finally through the experimental test, we verify the feasibility of the voltage flicker measurement method and the flicker value calculation method applied in this paper.
引文
1.董其国.电能质量技术问答.中国电力出版社. 2003: 16~89
2. Baggini A. Handbook of PowerQuality. Wiley Blackwell. 2008: 15~89
3. Dugan R C. Electrical Power Systems Quality. McGraw Hill. 2005: 23~78
4.肖湘宁.电能质量分析与控制.中国电力出版社. 2004: 85~122
5. S. M. Halpin, R. Bergeron, T. M. Blooming, R. F. Burch, L. E. ConradT. S. Key. Voltage and Lamp Flicker Issues: Should the IEEE Adopt the IEC Approach? IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2003, 18(3): 5~8
6. T. Tayjasanant, W. Xu. Case Study of Flicker/Inter-harmonic Problems Caused by a Variable Frequency Drive. Proceedings of the 2004 ICHQP conference, 2004.
7.林海雪.新国家标准《电能质量电压波动和闪变》介绍.供用电. 2001, 18(6): 4~7
8. Flickermeter-Functional and Design Specifications. IEC Publication 868. 1986
9.马玉龙,刘连光,张建华,等. IEC闪变测量原理的数字化实现方法.中国电机工程学报. 2001, 21(11): 92~95
10.贾秀芳,赵成勇,胥国毅,等. IEC闪变仪误差分析及改进设计.电工技术学报. 2006, 21(11): 121~126
11. W. Kang, X. W. Yan, L. X. Zhang. A Modified Digital Measuring Method on Flickering. Proceedings of Conference on Environmental Electromagnetic. Hangzhou, 2003: 621~625
12. J. Jatskevich, O. Wasynczuk, L. Conrad. A Method of Evaluating Flicker and Flicker-Reduction Strategies in Power Systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 1998, 13(4): 1481~1487
13. L. Peretto, A. E. Emanuel. A Theoretical Study of the Incandescent Filament Lamp Performance under Voltage Flicker. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 1997, 12(1): 279~288
14. S. Nuccio. A Digital Instrument for Measurement of Voltage Flicker. Proceedings of IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference. Ottawa, 1997: 281~284
15. M. T. Chen. Digital Algorithm for Measurement of Voltage Flicker. IEE Proceedings-Generation, Transmission and Distribution. 1997, 144(2): 175~179
16.同向前,余健明.电网电压中波动信号检出方法的研究.仪器仪表学报. 1998, 19(3): 234~238
17. S. M. Halpin, R. Bergeron, T. M. Blooming, et al. Voltage and Lamp FlickerIssues: Should the IEEE Adopt the IEC Approach. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 2003, 18(3): 1088~1097
18.周林,徐会亮,孟婧.电压波动检测方法的研究进展.电气应用. 2007, 26(7): 6~10
19.王志群,朱守真,周双喜. Hilbert变换求取电压闪变有关参数.电力系统自动化. 2004, 28(5): 34~38
20. E. A. Feilat. Detection of Voltage Envelope Using Prony Analysis-Hilbert Transform Method. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 2006, 21(4): 2091~2093
21. T. K. Abdel-Galil, E. F. EI-Saadany, M. M. A. Salama. Online Tracking of Voltage Flicker Utilizing Energy Operator and Hilbert Transform. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 2004, 12(2): 861~867
22.舒泓,王毅.基于数学形态滤波和Hilbert变换的电压闪变测量.中国电机工程学报. 2008, 28(1): 111~114
23.李天云,赵妍,韩永强. Hilbert-Huang变换方法在谐波和电压闪变检测中的应用.电网技术. 2005, 29(2): 73~77
24.张宇辉,陈晓东,刘思革.采用小波包分析和拟同步检波的电压闪变信号检测方法.继电器. 2004, 32(3): 6~9
25. S. Huang, C. T. Hsien. Application of Continues Wavelet Transform for Study of Voltage Flicker-Generated Signals. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electric Systems. 2000, 36(3): 925~932
26.堵俊,邵振国,郭晓丽,等.用小波分析提取电压闪变的幅值调制信号.电力系统及其自动化学报. 2006, 18(3): 34~37
27. S. J. Huang, C. W. Lu. Enhancement of Digital Equivalent Voltage Flicker Measurement Via Continuous Wavelet Transforms. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 2004, 19(2): 663~670
28. M. T. Chen, A. P. S. Meliopulos. Wavelet-Based Algorithm for Voltage Flicker Analysis. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power. Orlando, 2000,: 732~738
29.张江,王年,程志友,等.基波有效值快速算法在电压波动与闪变中的应用. 四川电力技术. 2007, 30(6): 6~8
30.吴玉容.一种基于最小绝对值估计的闪变电压的测量.武汉科技学院学报. 2005, 18(11): 32~35
31.张萍,余健明,魏磊.用瞬时无功功率理论求闪变电压参数.高电压技术. 2007, 33(4): 134~137
32.陈雪松,杨洪耕.递归最小二乘法追踪电压闪变包络线.电力自动化设备. 2006, 26(6): 30~32
33.刘阳,杨洪耕.基于独立分量分析的电压闪变检测方法.电力自动化设备. 2007, 27(11): 34~37
34. M. I. Marei, E. F. El-Saadany, M. M. A. Salama. Envelope Tracking Techniques for Flicker Mitigation and Voltage Regulation. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 2004, 19(4): 1854~1861
35.刘阳,杨洪耕.盲信号分离在电压闪变分析中的应用.电工技术学报. 2007, 22(3): 138~142
36.杨进,肖湘宁.电能质量监测技术发展新趋势.电力自动化设备. 2004, 24(11): 82~87
37.高云鹏,滕召胜.电能质量监测技术现状与发展方向.仪器仪表. 2004, (4): 1~3
38. Cristina Gherasim, Thomas Croes, Jeroen Van den Keybus, Johan Driesen, Ronnie J. M. Belmans. Development of a Flickermeter for Grid-Connected Wind Turbines Using a DSP-BasedPrototyping System. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Meaurement, 2006, 55(2): 550~556
39. Daniele Gallo, Carmine Landi. Nicola Pasquino. Design and Calibration of an Objective Flicker meter. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Meaurement. 2006, 55(6): 2118~2125
40.佟为明,宋雪雷.电压闪变的相关标准及分析.低压电器. 2006, (2): 57~61
41.张宇辉,田晓军,陈晓东.基于小波分析的电压闪变信号拟同步检波的峰值比较法.电测与仪表. 2004, 41(3): 3~6.
42. W H Zhou, L L Lin, X Q Ye, et al. Wavelet Transform Based New Methods for Voltage Flicker Signal and Harmonic Detection. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems. 2003, 1(1): 805~810
43. Z W Li, J Shen, P Y Wei, et al. A Voltage Fluctuation and Flicker Monitoring System Based on Wavelet Transform. Workshop on Power Electronics and Intelligent Transportation System. 2008, 1(1): 310~314
44. M. I. Marei, T. K. Abdel-Galil, E. F. EI-Saadany, M. M. A. Salama. Hilbert Transform Based Control Algorithm of the DG Interface for Voltage Flicker Mitigation. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 2005, 20(2): 1129~1133
45. M. A. Eldery. A Novel Energy Operator Algorithm for Voltage Envelope Tracking. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. 2005, 20(1): 510~512
46. P. Maragos, J. F. Kaiser, T. F. Quatieri. Energy Separation in Signal Modulationswith Applications to Speech Analysis. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. 1993, 41(2): 3023~3051
47.黄文清,戴瑜兴.基于Teager能量算子的电能质量扰动实时检测方法.电工技术学报. 2007, 22(6): 153~158
48.郭晓丽,闫承志,陈劲操.电压波动和闪变实时检测的研究与实现.电测与仪表. 2004, 2(41): 14~16
49.向学军,杨盛,刘平.电压闪变仪的设计与仿真.传感器与仪器仪表. 2006, (7): 162~164
50.赵刚,施围,林海雪.闪变值计算方法的研究.电网技术. 2001, 25(11): 15~18
51. Texas Instruments. TMS320F281x User’s Guide. www.ti.com. 2006: 16~17
52. TMS320F2812 Digital Signal Processors Data Manual. www.ti.com.cn. 2007: 7~8
2. Baggini A. Handbook of PowerQuality. Wiley Blackwell. 2008: 15~89
3. Dugan R C. Electrical Power Systems Quality. McGraw Hill. 2005: 23~78
4.肖湘宁.电能质量分析与控制.中国电力出版社. 2004: 85~122
5. S. M. Halpin, R. Bergeron, T. M. Blooming, R. F. Burch, L. E. ConradT. S. Key. Voltage and Lamp Flicker Issues: Should the IEEE Adopt the IEC Approach? IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2003, 18(3): 5~8
6. T. Tayjasanant, W. Xu. Case Study of Flicker/Inter-harmonic Problems Caused by a Variable Frequency Drive. Proceedings of the 2004 ICHQP conference, 2004.
7.林海雪.新国家标准《电能质量电压波动和闪变》介绍.供用电. 2001, 18(6): 4~7
8. Flickermeter-Functional and Design Specifications. IEC Publication 868. 1986
9.马玉龙,刘连光,张建华,等. IEC闪变测量原理的数字化实现方法.中国电机工程学报. 2001, 21(11): 92~95
10.贾秀芳,赵成勇,胥国毅,等. IEC闪变仪误差分析及改进设计.电工技术学报. 2006, 21(11): 121~126
11. W. Kang, X. W. Yan, L. X. Zhang. A Modified Digital Measuring Method on Flickering. Proceedings of Conference on Environmental Electromagnetic. Hangzhou, 2003: 621~625
12. J. Jatskevich, O. Wasynczuk, L. Conrad. A Method of Evaluating Flicker and Flicker-Reduction Strategies in Power Systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 1998, 13(4): 1481~1487
13. L. Peretto, A. E. Emanuel. A Theoretical Study of the Incandescent Filament Lamp Performance under Voltage Flicker. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 1997, 12(1): 279~288
14. S. Nuccio. A Digital Instrument for Measurement of Voltage Flicker. Proceedings of IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference. Ottawa, 1997: 281~284
15. M. T. Chen. Digital Algorithm for Measurement of Voltage Flicker. IEE Proceedings-Generation, Transmission and Distribution. 1997, 144(2): 175~179
16.同向前,余健明.电网电压中波动信号检出方法的研究.仪器仪表学报. 1998, 19(3): 234~238
17. S. M. Halpin, R. Bergeron, T. M. Blooming, et al. Voltage and Lamp FlickerIssues: Should the IEEE Adopt the IEC Approach. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 2003, 18(3): 1088~1097
18.周林,徐会亮,孟婧.电压波动检测方法的研究进展.电气应用. 2007, 26(7): 6~10
19.王志群,朱守真,周双喜. Hilbert变换求取电压闪变有关参数.电力系统自动化. 2004, 28(5): 34~38
20. E. A. Feilat. Detection of Voltage Envelope Using Prony Analysis-Hilbert Transform Method. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 2006, 21(4): 2091~2093
21. T. K. Abdel-Galil, E. F. EI-Saadany, M. M. A. Salama. Online Tracking of Voltage Flicker Utilizing Energy Operator and Hilbert Transform. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 2004, 12(2): 861~867
22.舒泓,王毅.基于数学形态滤波和Hilbert变换的电压闪变测量.中国电机工程学报. 2008, 28(1): 111~114
23.李天云,赵妍,韩永强. Hilbert-Huang变换方法在谐波和电压闪变检测中的应用.电网技术. 2005, 29(2): 73~77
24.张宇辉,陈晓东,刘思革.采用小波包分析和拟同步检波的电压闪变信号检测方法.继电器. 2004, 32(3): 6~9
25. S. Huang, C. T. Hsien. Application of Continues Wavelet Transform for Study of Voltage Flicker-Generated Signals. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electric Systems. 2000, 36(3): 925~932
26.堵俊,邵振国,郭晓丽,等.用小波分析提取电压闪变的幅值调制信号.电力系统及其自动化学报. 2006, 18(3): 34~37
27. S. J. Huang, C. W. Lu. Enhancement of Digital Equivalent Voltage Flicker Measurement Via Continuous Wavelet Transforms. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 2004, 19(2): 663~670
28. M. T. Chen, A. P. S. Meliopulos. Wavelet-Based Algorithm for Voltage Flicker Analysis. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power. Orlando, 2000,: 732~738
29.张江,王年,程志友,等.基波有效值快速算法在电压波动与闪变中的应用. 四川电力技术. 2007, 30(6): 6~8
30.吴玉容.一种基于最小绝对值估计的闪变电压的测量.武汉科技学院学报. 2005, 18(11): 32~35
31.张萍,余健明,魏磊.用瞬时无功功率理论求闪变电压参数.高电压技术. 2007, 33(4): 134~137
32.陈雪松,杨洪耕.递归最小二乘法追踪电压闪变包络线.电力自动化设备. 2006, 26(6): 30~32
33.刘阳,杨洪耕.基于独立分量分析的电压闪变检测方法.电力自动化设备. 2007, 27(11): 34~37
34. M. I. Marei, E. F. El-Saadany, M. M. A. Salama. Envelope Tracking Techniques for Flicker Mitigation and Voltage Regulation. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 2004, 19(4): 1854~1861
35.刘阳,杨洪耕.盲信号分离在电压闪变分析中的应用.电工技术学报. 2007, 22(3): 138~142
36.杨进,肖湘宁.电能质量监测技术发展新趋势.电力自动化设备. 2004, 24(11): 82~87
37.高云鹏,滕召胜.电能质量监测技术现状与发展方向.仪器仪表. 2004, (4): 1~3
38. Cristina Gherasim, Thomas Croes, Jeroen Van den Keybus, Johan Driesen, Ronnie J. M. Belmans. Development of a Flickermeter for Grid-Connected Wind Turbines Using a DSP-BasedPrototyping System. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Meaurement, 2006, 55(2): 550~556
39. Daniele Gallo, Carmine Landi. Nicola Pasquino. Design and Calibration of an Objective Flicker meter. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Meaurement. 2006, 55(6): 2118~2125
40.佟为明,宋雪雷.电压闪变的相关标准及分析.低压电器. 2006, (2): 57~61
41.张宇辉,田晓军,陈晓东.基于小波分析的电压闪变信号拟同步检波的峰值比较法.电测与仪表. 2004, 41(3): 3~6.
42. W H Zhou, L L Lin, X Q Ye, et al. Wavelet Transform Based New Methods for Voltage Flicker Signal and Harmonic Detection. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems. 2003, 1(1): 805~810
43. Z W Li, J Shen, P Y Wei, et al. A Voltage Fluctuation and Flicker Monitoring System Based on Wavelet Transform. Workshop on Power Electronics and Intelligent Transportation System. 2008, 1(1): 310~314
44. M. I. Marei, T. K. Abdel-Galil, E. F. EI-Saadany, M. M. A. Salama. Hilbert Transform Based Control Algorithm of the DG Interface for Voltage Flicker Mitigation. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 2005, 20(2): 1129~1133
45. M. A. Eldery. A Novel Energy Operator Algorithm for Voltage Envelope Tracking. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. 2005, 20(1): 510~512
46. P. Maragos, J. F. Kaiser, T. F. Quatieri. Energy Separation in Signal Modulationswith Applications to Speech Analysis. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. 1993, 41(2): 3023~3051
47.黄文清,戴瑜兴.基于Teager能量算子的电能质量扰动实时检测方法.电工技术学报. 2007, 22(6): 153~158
48.郭晓丽,闫承志,陈劲操.电压波动和闪变实时检测的研究与实现.电测与仪表. 2004, 2(41): 14~16
49.向学军,杨盛,刘平.电压闪变仪的设计与仿真.传感器与仪器仪表. 2006, (7): 162~164
50.赵刚,施围,林海雪.闪变值计算方法的研究.电网技术. 2001, 25(11): 15~18
51. Texas Instruments. TMS320F281x User’s Guide. www.ti.com. 2006: 16~17
52. TMS320F2812 Digital Signal Processors Data Manual. www.ti.com.cn. 2007: 7~8