基于多模型控制的燃料电池汽车混合动力系统优化研究
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摘要
内燃机动力体现了整整一个世纪人类智慧的精华,但它致命的弱点是造成环境污染,而且世界的石油资源已日益枯竭,内燃机很难从根本上摆脱这一被动的不利局面。开发电动汽车,在能源环保形式日益严峻的情况下倍受瞩目。燃料电池电动汽车(FCEV,Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle)是20世纪70年代产生而最近10年兴起开发的一种高效、清洁、零污染的车型。以质子交换膜燃料电池为动力源的汽车称为燃料电池电动汽车,而整车的动力系统结构及能量管理策略则是整个燃料电池电动汽车研究的热点及关键技术。
本文正是以开发研究燃料电池电动汽车为背景,以燃料电池电动汽车动力系统为研究对象,从燃料电池电动汽车的电电混合动力系统结构入手,基于Advisor平台建立了电电混合动力系统的基本模型,并提出基于多模型切换控制的动力系统能量管理策略,仿真计算结果证明了该控制策略的有效性。本文主要研究成果如下:
(1)提出了一种燃料电池电动汽车三能源电电混合动力系统的结构,即采用燃料电池系统、磷酸铁锂电池组及超级电容器组共同构成混合动力系统,在分析各能源特性及动力系统构型的基础上优化了电电混合动力系统的结构,并设计和确定了整车基本性能指标及动力系统关键参数;基于Advisor平台,以模块化的方式对动力系统每个子部件进行建模,在整车车辆模型研究的基础上,建立了整个电电混合动力系统的仿真模型。
(2)针对难以用一个单一模型及控制方法来描述整个动力系统行为的问题,提出基于多模型切换控制的动力系统能量管理优化策略。通过对电电混合动力系统在不同工作模式(启动模式、加速爬坡模式、巡航模式及减速制动模式)下的能量管理模式及功率分配关系进行研究,设计了基于模糊监督规则的动力系统能量流多模型切换控制策略。
(3)由于燃料电池系统动态响应偏软的特性将导致整车动力性不足,故在建立的动力系统能量流多模型基础上,提出了动力系统能量管理与燃料电池系统控制综合优化方案,即在加速爬坡模式下,有针对性的设计了燃料电池系统输出功率神经网络预测控制策略,提高了整车的动力性能。
(4)对燃料电池电动汽车动力系统常用能量管理策略及本文提出的基于多模型切换控制的能量管理策略进行了分析比较,仿真结果表明,嵌入基于多模型切换控制的动力系统能量管理策略后,整车燃料经济性指标相比嵌入功率跟随模式控制策略的经济性指标降低了3.3%。提出燃料电池电动汽车动力系统混合度的概念,并对不同结构及混合度的动力系统进行了仿真计算,基于仿真结果对整车动力系统结构及混合度做了进一步优化。
综上所述,本文以燃料电池电动汽车电电混合动力系统结构及能量管理策略为优化对象,提出了一种三能源混合的动力系统结构,并采用基于多模型切换控制的动力系统能量流管理策略,仿真计算结果证明了该策略的有效性,这为燃料电池电动汽车动力系统的结构设计,配置选型以及系统优化控制方面提供了一种思路和参考。
Internal-combustion engine incarnates the distillate of human wisdom in the full century, but the fatal weakness of it is to cause pollution. As the petroleum resource in the world has dried up day by day, internal-combustion engine can hardly breaks away from the passive complexion. In consideration of energy saving and environment protection, to develop Electric Vehicle is indispensable. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle is a kind of high-efficient, clean and non-emission automobiles, which originated in the 1970s, and became the research focus in recent ten years. The main power energy source of fuel cell electric vehicle is proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and power system structure and energy management strategy is the focus technology of the entire research field of fuel cell electric vehicle.
This article took the power system of fuel cell electric vehicle as researching object under the background of developing fuel cell electric vehicle. Analysis of electric-electric hybrid power system structure of Fuel Cell Vehicle, the basic model of hybrid power system was established based on the Advisor platform. The power system energy management strategy based on multiple model switch control was brought forward and simulation results would prove that the strategy was very effective to the whole system. The main research production and innovation point are as follows:
(1) The electric-electric hybrid power system structure of Fuel Cell Vehicle was designed, that is, the whole power system included the fuel cell system, the LiFePO_4 battery pack and the ultra capacitor pack. Analysis of every energy source characteristic and configuration of power system, the electric-electric hybrid power system structure was optimized, and the vehicles basic performance index and power system crucial parameter was designed. Based on the Advisor platform, the each components model of power system was established by the modular way, including the fuel cell system, the LiFePO_4 battery pack, the ultra capacitor system, the DC/DC converter and the DC brushless motor. Based on the Advisor platform, the basic model of electric-electric hybrid power system was established on the basis of researching vehicles body model.
(2) Because there were not one single model and control method which could describe the whole power system, the power system energy management optimization strategy based on multiple model switch control was designed. There were various working modes to the electric-electric hybrid power system, which included start-up mode, accelerating or climbing mode, cruising mode and braking mode, and the energy management target and power distribution method of respective working mode was researched and designed. By applying the fuzzy supervised rule, the power system energy flow management strategy based on multiple model switch control was designed.
(3) The dynamic response soft characteristic of fuel cell system will result in poor dynamic performance, so the integration optimization methods combining power system energy management and fuel cell system control were brought forward. In the accelerating mode, the neural network predictive control strategy of fuel cell system output power was adopted, and the simulation and experimentation results proved that the system dynamic performance could be improved by the predictive control strategy.
(4) To compare other energy management strategy of Fuel Cell Vehicle power system with energy management strategy based on multiple model switch control proposed on this article, the simulation system was established. The simulation and experimentation results were presented, which indicated/showed that vehicle fuel economy index decreased 3.3% compared with power following control strategy by applying the power system energy management strategy based on multiple model control. The concept of hybrid ration about power system was proposed, and the power system structure and hybrid ratio was further optimized on the basis of simulation of power system with different structure and hybrid ratio.
In a word, this article took the electric-electric hybrid power system structure and energy management strategy of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle as optimization object, and proposed one kind of three energy source hybrid power system structure, and adopted power system energy management strategy based on multiple model switch control. In the end, the simulation results had indicated this strategy's validity, which could provide a kind of roadway and reference on the aspect of optimizing power system structure of fuel cell electric vehicle, system configuration and control strategy.
本文正是以开发研究燃料电池电动汽车为背景,以燃料电池电动汽车动力系统为研究对象,从燃料电池电动汽车的电电混合动力系统结构入手,基于Advisor平台建立了电电混合动力系统的基本模型,并提出基于多模型切换控制的动力系统能量管理策略,仿真计算结果证明了该控制策略的有效性。本文主要研究成果如下:
(1)提出了一种燃料电池电动汽车三能源电电混合动力系统的结构,即采用燃料电池系统、磷酸铁锂电池组及超级电容器组共同构成混合动力系统,在分析各能源特性及动力系统构型的基础上优化了电电混合动力系统的结构,并设计和确定了整车基本性能指标及动力系统关键参数;基于Advisor平台,以模块化的方式对动力系统每个子部件进行建模,在整车车辆模型研究的基础上,建立了整个电电混合动力系统的仿真模型。
(2)针对难以用一个单一模型及控制方法来描述整个动力系统行为的问题,提出基于多模型切换控制的动力系统能量管理优化策略。通过对电电混合动力系统在不同工作模式(启动模式、加速爬坡模式、巡航模式及减速制动模式)下的能量管理模式及功率分配关系进行研究,设计了基于模糊监督规则的动力系统能量流多模型切换控制策略。
(3)由于燃料电池系统动态响应偏软的特性将导致整车动力性不足,故在建立的动力系统能量流多模型基础上,提出了动力系统能量管理与燃料电池系统控制综合优化方案,即在加速爬坡模式下,有针对性的设计了燃料电池系统输出功率神经网络预测控制策略,提高了整车的动力性能。
(4)对燃料电池电动汽车动力系统常用能量管理策略及本文提出的基于多模型切换控制的能量管理策略进行了分析比较,仿真结果表明,嵌入基于多模型切换控制的动力系统能量管理策略后,整车燃料经济性指标相比嵌入功率跟随模式控制策略的经济性指标降低了3.3%。提出燃料电池电动汽车动力系统混合度的概念,并对不同结构及混合度的动力系统进行了仿真计算,基于仿真结果对整车动力系统结构及混合度做了进一步优化。
综上所述,本文以燃料电池电动汽车电电混合动力系统结构及能量管理策略为优化对象,提出了一种三能源混合的动力系统结构,并采用基于多模型切换控制的动力系统能量流管理策略,仿真计算结果证明了该策略的有效性,这为燃料电池电动汽车动力系统的结构设计,配置选型以及系统优化控制方面提供了一种思路和参考。
Internal-combustion engine incarnates the distillate of human wisdom in the full century, but the fatal weakness of it is to cause pollution. As the petroleum resource in the world has dried up day by day, internal-combustion engine can hardly breaks away from the passive complexion. In consideration of energy saving and environment protection, to develop Electric Vehicle is indispensable. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle is a kind of high-efficient, clean and non-emission automobiles, which originated in the 1970s, and became the research focus in recent ten years. The main power energy source of fuel cell electric vehicle is proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and power system structure and energy management strategy is the focus technology of the entire research field of fuel cell electric vehicle.
This article took the power system of fuel cell electric vehicle as researching object under the background of developing fuel cell electric vehicle. Analysis of electric-electric hybrid power system structure of Fuel Cell Vehicle, the basic model of hybrid power system was established based on the Advisor platform. The power system energy management strategy based on multiple model switch control was brought forward and simulation results would prove that the strategy was very effective to the whole system. The main research production and innovation point are as follows:
(1) The electric-electric hybrid power system structure of Fuel Cell Vehicle was designed, that is, the whole power system included the fuel cell system, the LiFePO_4 battery pack and the ultra capacitor pack. Analysis of every energy source characteristic and configuration of power system, the electric-electric hybrid power system structure was optimized, and the vehicles basic performance index and power system crucial parameter was designed. Based on the Advisor platform, the each components model of power system was established by the modular way, including the fuel cell system, the LiFePO_4 battery pack, the ultra capacitor system, the DC/DC converter and the DC brushless motor. Based on the Advisor platform, the basic model of electric-electric hybrid power system was established on the basis of researching vehicles body model.
(2) Because there were not one single model and control method which could describe the whole power system, the power system energy management optimization strategy based on multiple model switch control was designed. There were various working modes to the electric-electric hybrid power system, which included start-up mode, accelerating or climbing mode, cruising mode and braking mode, and the energy management target and power distribution method of respective working mode was researched and designed. By applying the fuzzy supervised rule, the power system energy flow management strategy based on multiple model switch control was designed.
(3) The dynamic response soft characteristic of fuel cell system will result in poor dynamic performance, so the integration optimization methods combining power system energy management and fuel cell system control were brought forward. In the accelerating mode, the neural network predictive control strategy of fuel cell system output power was adopted, and the simulation and experimentation results proved that the system dynamic performance could be improved by the predictive control strategy.
(4) To compare other energy management strategy of Fuel Cell Vehicle power system with energy management strategy based on multiple model switch control proposed on this article, the simulation system was established. The simulation and experimentation results were presented, which indicated/showed that vehicle fuel economy index decreased 3.3% compared with power following control strategy by applying the power system energy management strategy based on multiple model control. The concept of hybrid ration about power system was proposed, and the power system structure and hybrid ratio was further optimized on the basis of simulation of power system with different structure and hybrid ratio.
In a word, this article took the electric-electric hybrid power system structure and energy management strategy of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle as optimization object, and proposed one kind of three energy source hybrid power system structure, and adopted power system energy management strategy based on multiple model switch control. In the end, the simulation results had indicated this strategy's validity, which could provide a kind of roadway and reference on the aspect of optimizing power system structure of fuel cell electric vehicle, system configuration and control strategy.
引文
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