高频开关电源的EMI建模与仿真研究
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摘要
高频开关电源的电磁干扰(EMI——Electromagnetic Interference)建模与仿真技术已经成为产品设计者在早期设计阶段分析预测高频开关电源电磁干扰的有效手段,越来越受到科研人员的重视。本文以高频开关电源中脉宽调制(PWM——Pulse Width Modulation)控制的Boost升压变换电路为对象,对其传导和辐射的EMI建模与仿真进行了研究,主要研究成果如下:
1.采用场路结合的方法进行了Boost升压变换电路传导EMI的建模与仿真分析,重点讨论了集肤效应和完整地平面在10MHz至30MHz频段内对印刷电路板(PCB——Printed Circuit Board)高频特性的影响。
2.基于传导EMI仿真结果,对以磁偶极子辐射模型为基础建立的PCB高频电流回路的辐射EMI模型进行了仿真分析。
3.基于多导体传输线频域模型和电偶极子辐射模型建立了平行双线电缆的辐射EMI模型,采用基于三角基函数的矩量法计算得到了平行扁平电缆的电磁参数并探讨了其电磁参数特性,最后对模型进行了仿真分析。
The electromagnetic interference (EMI) modeling and simulation technology of high frequency switching mode power supply has been the effective method to analyze and forecast the EMI of the high frequency switching mode power supply in the early stage of product design. Based on the Boost converter with pulse width modulation control, this thesis does the research on conducted and radiated EMI modeling and simulation of the converter. The main research results are as follows:
1. With the field-circuit method, the conducted EMI modeling and simulation of the Boost converter is studied. And the influence of skin effect and ground plane on high frequency characteristic of the printed circuit board (PCB) is emphatically discussed in a frequency range of10MHz through 30MHz.
2. Based on the magnetic dipole radiated model, the radiated EMI model of high frequency current loop on PCB is established and it is simulated and analyzed with the result of the conducted EMI simulation.
3. Based on the frequency model of the multiconductor transmission lines and the electric dipole radiated model, the radiated EMI model of the parallel double cables is established. And then the electromagnetic parameters of the parallel ribbon cables are calculated with the method of moment based on the the triangular basis function and the characteristic of their electromagnetic parameters is also investigated. Finally, the radiated EMI model is simulated and analyzed.
1.采用场路结合的方法进行了Boost升压变换电路传导EMI的建模与仿真分析,重点讨论了集肤效应和完整地平面在10MHz至30MHz频段内对印刷电路板(PCB——Printed Circuit Board)高频特性的影响。
2.基于传导EMI仿真结果,对以磁偶极子辐射模型为基础建立的PCB高频电流回路的辐射EMI模型进行了仿真分析。
3.基于多导体传输线频域模型和电偶极子辐射模型建立了平行双线电缆的辐射EMI模型,采用基于三角基函数的矩量法计算得到了平行扁平电缆的电磁参数并探讨了其电磁参数特性,最后对模型进行了仿真分析。
The electromagnetic interference (EMI) modeling and simulation technology of high frequency switching mode power supply has been the effective method to analyze and forecast the EMI of the high frequency switching mode power supply in the early stage of product design. Based on the Boost converter with pulse width modulation control, this thesis does the research on conducted and radiated EMI modeling and simulation of the converter. The main research results are as follows:
1. With the field-circuit method, the conducted EMI modeling and simulation of the Boost converter is studied. And the influence of skin effect and ground plane on high frequency characteristic of the printed circuit board (PCB) is emphatically discussed in a frequency range of10MHz through 30MHz.
2. Based on the magnetic dipole radiated model, the radiated EMI model of high frequency current loop on PCB is established and it is simulated and analyzed with the result of the conducted EMI simulation.
3. Based on the frequency model of the multiconductor transmission lines and the electric dipole radiated model, the radiated EMI model of the parallel double cables is established. And then the electromagnetic parameters of the parallel ribbon cables are calculated with the method of moment based on the the triangular basis function and the characteristic of their electromagnetic parameters is also investigated. Finally, the radiated EMI model is simulated and analyzed.
引文
[1]钱照明,袁义生.开关电源EMC设计研究现状及发展(上).电子产品世界,(7),2003年4月:51-53,58.
[2]钱照明,袁义生.开关电源EMC设计研究现状及发展(下).电子产品世界,(8),2003年4月:69-71.
[3]Zhang Wei,Zhang M.T.,Lee F.C.,et al.Conducted EMI Analysis of a Boost PFC Circuit.In IEEE APEC'97 Conference Proceedings,1997,pp.223-239vol.1.
[4]Okyere P.F.,Heinemann L..Computer-Aided Analysis and Reduction of Conducted EMI in Switched-Mode Power Converter.In IEEE APEC'98Conference Proceedings,1998,pp.924-928 vol.2.
[5]Musznicki P.,Schanen J.-L.,Allard B.,et al.Accurate Modeling of Layout Parasitic to Forecast EMI Emitted from a DC-DC Converter.In IEEE PESC'04Conference Proceedings,2004,pp.278-283 vol.1.
[6]袁义生,钱照明.功率变换器传导EMI的精确建模,电力电子技术,37(1),2003年2月:12-15.
[7]刘佳,穆新华,杨志勇.全桥变换器中寄生参数对传导干扰的影响.南京航空航天大学学报,35(2),2003年4月:137-142.
[8]Antonini G.,Cristina S.,Orlandi A..EMC Characterization of SMPS Devices:Circuit and Radiated Emissions Model.IEEE Trans.on Electromagnetic Compatibility,38(3),Aug.1996:300-309.
[9]Youssef M.,Roudet J.,Marechal Y..Near Field Characterization of Power Electronics Circuits for Radiation Prediction.IEEE PESC'97 Conference Proceedings,1997,pp.1529-1534 vol.2.
[10]Igarashi S.,Takizawa S.,Kuroki K.,et al.Analysis and Reduction Methods of EMI Radiational Noise from Converter System,IEEE PESC'98 Conference Proceedings,1998,pp.1152-1158 vol.2.
[11]Rousset Y.,Arnautovski-Toseva V.,Luk P.C.K.,et al.Three-dimension Method of Moments Analysis of Radiated Field from DC-DC Converters,IEEE Compatibility in Power Electronics Conference Proceedings,2005,pp.172-177.
[12]王爱国.时域有限差分法及其在开关电源电磁辐射计算中的应用.浙江大学硕士学位论文,2002.
[13]袁义生.功率变换器电磁干扰的建模.浙江大学博士学位论文,2002.
[14]胡平林,杨延彰,余韬,等.微机开关电源PCB的电磁兼容仿真分析及预测.华中科技大学学报(自然版),33(6),2005年6月:58-60.
[15]白峰,牛忠霞,周东方.功率变换器近场辐射的建模与仿真.系统仿真学报,18(2增),2006年8月:108-110,113.
[16]吕英华.计算电磁学的数值方法.清华大学出版社,2006年.
[17]区建昌,吕英华,林守霖.电子设备的电磁兼容性设计.电子工业出版社,2003年.
[18]CFR47-FCC Part15-2007.Radio Frequency Devices.FCC,May 2007.
[19]EN55022-2006.Information Technology Equipment Radio Disturbance Characteristics Limits and Methods of Measurement.European Commission and the European Free Trade Association,Sep.2006.
[20]CISPR22-2006.Information Technology Equipment Radio Disturbance Characteristics Limits and Methods of Measurement.International Special Committee on Radio Interference,Mar.2006.
[21]GB9254-1998.信息技术设备的无线电骚扰限值和测量方法.由全国无线电干扰标准化技术委员会,1998年12月.
[22]Shuo Wang,Lee F.C.,Odendaal W.G..Characterization,Evaluation,and Design of Noise Separator for Conducted EMI Noise Diagnosis.IEEE Trans.on Power Electronics,20(4),July 2005:974-982.
[23]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计(修订版).电子工业出版社,2004年.
[24]Leonardi C.,Raciti A.,Frisina F.,et al.A New PSpice Power MOSFET Model with Temperature Dependent Parameters:Evaluation of Performances and Comparison with Available Models.IEEE IAS'97 Conference Proceedings,1997,pp.1174-1181 vol.2.
[25]高燕梅,房蔓楠.Spice/Pspice编程技术.电子工业出版社,2002年.
[26]Clayton R.Paul.Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility(2nd edition).John Wiley & Sons,Inc,2006.
[27]Ansoft Company.Getting Started with Q3D Extractor-Technical Notes.2004.
[28]John L.Volakis,Arindam Chatterjee,Leo C.Kempel.Finite Element Method for Electromagnetics.IEEE Press,1998.
[29]Roger F.Harrington.Field Computation by Moment Methods.IEEE Press,1993.
[30]倪光正.工程电磁场原理.高等教育出版社,2002年
[31]EMC Analysis Methods and Computational Models.Frederick M.Tesche,Michel V.Ianoz.John Wiley & Sons Press,1997
[32]杨克俊.电磁兼容原理与设计技术.人民邮电出版社,2004年.
[33]Clayton R.Paul.Analysis of Multi-conductor Transmission Lines.John Wiley & Sons Press,1994.
[34]《数学手册》编写组.数学手册.高等教育出版社,2004年.
[35]Cjoseph C.Clements,Clayton R.Paul,Arlon Taylor Adams.Computation of the Capacitance Matrix for Systems of Dielectric-Coated Cylindrical Conductors.IEEE Trans.on Electromagnetic Compatibility,17(4),Nov.1975:238-248.
[36]Clayton R.Paul,Arthur E.Feather.Computation of the Transmission Line Inductance and Capacitance Matrices from the Generalized Capacitance Matrix.IEEE Trans.on Electromagnetic Compatibility,18(4),Nov.1976:175-183.
[2]钱照明,袁义生.开关电源EMC设计研究现状及发展(下).电子产品世界,(8),2003年4月:69-71.
[3]Zhang Wei,Zhang M.T.,Lee F.C.,et al.Conducted EMI Analysis of a Boost PFC Circuit.In IEEE APEC'97 Conference Proceedings,1997,pp.223-239vol.1.
[4]Okyere P.F.,Heinemann L..Computer-Aided Analysis and Reduction of Conducted EMI in Switched-Mode Power Converter.In IEEE APEC'98Conference Proceedings,1998,pp.924-928 vol.2.
[5]Musznicki P.,Schanen J.-L.,Allard B.,et al.Accurate Modeling of Layout Parasitic to Forecast EMI Emitted from a DC-DC Converter.In IEEE PESC'04Conference Proceedings,2004,pp.278-283 vol.1.
[6]袁义生,钱照明.功率变换器传导EMI的精确建模,电力电子技术,37(1),2003年2月:12-15.
[7]刘佳,穆新华,杨志勇.全桥变换器中寄生参数对传导干扰的影响.南京航空航天大学学报,35(2),2003年4月:137-142.
[8]Antonini G.,Cristina S.,Orlandi A..EMC Characterization of SMPS Devices:Circuit and Radiated Emissions Model.IEEE Trans.on Electromagnetic Compatibility,38(3),Aug.1996:300-309.
[9]Youssef M.,Roudet J.,Marechal Y..Near Field Characterization of Power Electronics Circuits for Radiation Prediction.IEEE PESC'97 Conference Proceedings,1997,pp.1529-1534 vol.2.
[10]Igarashi S.,Takizawa S.,Kuroki K.,et al.Analysis and Reduction Methods of EMI Radiational Noise from Converter System,IEEE PESC'98 Conference Proceedings,1998,pp.1152-1158 vol.2.
[11]Rousset Y.,Arnautovski-Toseva V.,Luk P.C.K.,et al.Three-dimension Method of Moments Analysis of Radiated Field from DC-DC Converters,IEEE Compatibility in Power Electronics Conference Proceedings,2005,pp.172-177.
[12]王爱国.时域有限差分法及其在开关电源电磁辐射计算中的应用.浙江大学硕士学位论文,2002.
[13]袁义生.功率变换器电磁干扰的建模.浙江大学博士学位论文,2002.
[14]胡平林,杨延彰,余韬,等.微机开关电源PCB的电磁兼容仿真分析及预测.华中科技大学学报(自然版),33(6),2005年6月:58-60.
[15]白峰,牛忠霞,周东方.功率变换器近场辐射的建模与仿真.系统仿真学报,18(2增),2006年8月:108-110,113.
[16]吕英华.计算电磁学的数值方法.清华大学出版社,2006年.
[17]区建昌,吕英华,林守霖.电子设备的电磁兼容性设计.电子工业出版社,2003年.
[18]CFR47-FCC Part15-2007.Radio Frequency Devices.FCC,May 2007.
[19]EN55022-2006.Information Technology Equipment Radio Disturbance Characteristics Limits and Methods of Measurement.European Commission and the European Free Trade Association,Sep.2006.
[20]CISPR22-2006.Information Technology Equipment Radio Disturbance Characteristics Limits and Methods of Measurement.International Special Committee on Radio Interference,Mar.2006.
[21]GB9254-1998.信息技术设备的无线电骚扰限值和测量方法.由全国无线电干扰标准化技术委员会,1998年12月.
[22]Shuo Wang,Lee F.C.,Odendaal W.G..Characterization,Evaluation,and Design of Noise Separator for Conducted EMI Noise Diagnosis.IEEE Trans.on Power Electronics,20(4),July 2005:974-982.
[23]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计(修订版).电子工业出版社,2004年.
[24]Leonardi C.,Raciti A.,Frisina F.,et al.A New PSpice Power MOSFET Model with Temperature Dependent Parameters:Evaluation of Performances and Comparison with Available Models.IEEE IAS'97 Conference Proceedings,1997,pp.1174-1181 vol.2.
[25]高燕梅,房蔓楠.Spice/Pspice编程技术.电子工业出版社,2002年.
[26]Clayton R.Paul.Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility(2nd edition).John Wiley & Sons,Inc,2006.
[27]Ansoft Company.Getting Started with Q3D Extractor-Technical Notes.2004.
[28]John L.Volakis,Arindam Chatterjee,Leo C.Kempel.Finite Element Method for Electromagnetics.IEEE Press,1998.
[29]Roger F.Harrington.Field Computation by Moment Methods.IEEE Press,1993.
[30]倪光正.工程电磁场原理.高等教育出版社,2002年
[31]EMC Analysis Methods and Computational Models.Frederick M.Tesche,Michel V.Ianoz.John Wiley & Sons Press,1997
[32]杨克俊.电磁兼容原理与设计技术.人民邮电出版社,2004年.
[33]Clayton R.Paul.Analysis of Multi-conductor Transmission Lines.John Wiley & Sons Press,1994.
[34]《数学手册》编写组.数学手册.高等教育出版社,2004年.
[35]Cjoseph C.Clements,Clayton R.Paul,Arlon Taylor Adams.Computation of the Capacitance Matrix for Systems of Dielectric-Coated Cylindrical Conductors.IEEE Trans.on Electromagnetic Compatibility,17(4),Nov.1975:238-248.
[36]Clayton R.Paul,Arthur E.Feather.Computation of the Transmission Line Inductance and Capacitance Matrices from the Generalized Capacitance Matrix.IEEE Trans.on Electromagnetic Compatibility,18(4),Nov.1976:175-183.