水稻根系通气组织的泌氧能力研究
摘要
水稻是一种生长在渍水条件下的禾本科植物,其重要特征之一是根系具有氧化能力,为了适应其缺氧环境,在长期的进化过程中根系形成了发达的通气组织,这些通气组织能够把大气中的氧高效率地运输到根表,从而使根际处于相对氧化状态,把Fe2+氧化成红棕色铁氧化物呈膜状包被在根系表面,成为根系铁氧化物膜(简称铁膜)。针对水稻根表能形成铁膜这一根际过程,是否水稻根系通气组织运输氧气的能力与根表铁膜之间存在关系呢。本文以两个水稻品种为供试材料,采用水培和土培的方法对水稻根系通气组织的形成和根表铁膜沉积的数量关系进行了研究。
首先,采用水培方法比较研究了嘉花1号和优威77基因型水稻根系通气组织的形成情况。试验结果表明,同一基因型水稻在密闭不通气的环境条件下根系形成的通气组织显著高于通气环境条件下根系形成的通气组织,同一环境条件下嘉花1号和优威77这两种基因型水稻之间形成的通气组织没有明显差异。
其次,利用水培法研究了优威77基因型水稻在加入乙烯利诱导因子刺激时通气组织的形成情况。研究结果表明,加入乙烯利后水稻根系形成的通气组织显著高于对照。随着乙烯利浓度的增加,根系形成的通气组织也呈递增趋势。试验结果再次证实,乙烯是通气组织形成过程中的信号物质,乙烯可以调控水稻根系通气组织的形成。
最后,采用土培试验研究了嘉花1号这种基因型水稻根系通气组织和根表铁膜形成的关系。试验结果表明,在不同的水分条件下根系形成通气组织的大小和根表铁膜的数量均不同,淹水条件下根系形成的通气组织和根表铁膜数量均高于湿润条件。在不同的土壤条件下根系形成的通气组织和根表铁膜数量也不同,外源添加有机质的土壤中水稻根系形成的通气组织多,铁膜数也多,外源添加硫的土壤也呈此趋势,都高于对照。
Rice is a grass specie grow in submerged soil. One of the important characteristics is roots have oxidation capacity. Rice roots form the well-developed aerenchyma in the long-term evolutionary process in order to adapt to the hypoxic environment. These aerenchyma can transport oxygen highly to the rice roots because of the rhizosphere to be at the relative state of oxidation. Formation of iron plaque on rice roots is a process that Fe2+ are oxidized Fe3+ using the oxygen in the rice rhizosphere environment. Was the aerenchyma related with the quantities of iron plaque on rice roots? So, some experiments were conducted to study the effects of root iron plaque and aerenchyma by two genotype rice.
First, water culture experiments were conducted to study the effect of rice root aerenchyma formation by two genotype rice(Jiahua No.1 and Youwei 77). The result showed that percentages of aerenchyma area in total root cross section were obviously different for two genotpye rice grown in airtight or ventilation condition. The percentages of aerenchyma area in total root cross section grown in airtight were higher than in ventilation condition. We analysed this difference from the plants to the oxygen deficit and the mechanism.
Next, water culture experiments were conducted to study the effect on rice root aerenchyma formation by Youwei 77 treated with ethylene. The result showed that the percentages of aerenchyma area in total root cross section were increased with ethylene. The result also confirmed that the ethylene was signal material in the aerenchyma forming process. Ethylene may change the rice root aerenchyma.
Finally, we studied the relation between aerenchyma formation and iron plaque formation on rice roots with the water culture and soil culture experiments by Jiahua No.1. The result showed that the percentages of aerenchyma area in total root cross section and quantities of iron plaque on rice roots grown in low S or high S and low OM or high OM and water-logged or wet nutrient solutions were different. The percentages of aerenchyma area in total root cross section and quantities of iron plaque on rice roots grown in water-logged nutrient solutions were higher than in wet nutrient solutions. The percentages of aerenchyma area in total root cross section and quantities of iron plaque on rice roots were increased with S and OM.
首先,采用水培方法比较研究了嘉花1号和优威77基因型水稻根系通气组织的形成情况。试验结果表明,同一基因型水稻在密闭不通气的环境条件下根系形成的通气组织显著高于通气环境条件下根系形成的通气组织,同一环境条件下嘉花1号和优威77这两种基因型水稻之间形成的通气组织没有明显差异。
其次,利用水培法研究了优威77基因型水稻在加入乙烯利诱导因子刺激时通气组织的形成情况。研究结果表明,加入乙烯利后水稻根系形成的通气组织显著高于对照。随着乙烯利浓度的增加,根系形成的通气组织也呈递增趋势。试验结果再次证实,乙烯是通气组织形成过程中的信号物质,乙烯可以调控水稻根系通气组织的形成。
最后,采用土培试验研究了嘉花1号这种基因型水稻根系通气组织和根表铁膜形成的关系。试验结果表明,在不同的水分条件下根系形成通气组织的大小和根表铁膜的数量均不同,淹水条件下根系形成的通气组织和根表铁膜数量均高于湿润条件。在不同的土壤条件下根系形成的通气组织和根表铁膜数量也不同,外源添加有机质的土壤中水稻根系形成的通气组织多,铁膜数也多,外源添加硫的土壤也呈此趋势,都高于对照。
Rice is a grass specie grow in submerged soil. One of the important characteristics is roots have oxidation capacity. Rice roots form the well-developed aerenchyma in the long-term evolutionary process in order to adapt to the hypoxic environment. These aerenchyma can transport oxygen highly to the rice roots because of the rhizosphere to be at the relative state of oxidation. Formation of iron plaque on rice roots is a process that Fe2+ are oxidized Fe3+ using the oxygen in the rice rhizosphere environment. Was the aerenchyma related with the quantities of iron plaque on rice roots? So, some experiments were conducted to study the effects of root iron plaque and aerenchyma by two genotype rice.
First, water culture experiments were conducted to study the effect of rice root aerenchyma formation by two genotype rice(Jiahua No.1 and Youwei 77). The result showed that percentages of aerenchyma area in total root cross section were obviously different for two genotpye rice grown in airtight or ventilation condition. The percentages of aerenchyma area in total root cross section grown in airtight were higher than in ventilation condition. We analysed this difference from the plants to the oxygen deficit and the mechanism.
Next, water culture experiments were conducted to study the effect on rice root aerenchyma formation by Youwei 77 treated with ethylene. The result showed that the percentages of aerenchyma area in total root cross section were increased with ethylene. The result also confirmed that the ethylene was signal material in the aerenchyma forming process. Ethylene may change the rice root aerenchyma.
Finally, we studied the relation between aerenchyma formation and iron plaque formation on rice roots with the water culture and soil culture experiments by Jiahua No.1. The result showed that the percentages of aerenchyma area in total root cross section and quantities of iron plaque on rice roots grown in low S or high S and low OM or high OM and water-logged or wet nutrient solutions were different. The percentages of aerenchyma area in total root cross section and quantities of iron plaque on rice roots grown in water-logged nutrient solutions were higher than in wet nutrient solutions. The percentages of aerenchyma area in total root cross section and quantities of iron plaque on rice roots were increased with S and OM.
引文
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