昆明公安内部信息资源共享障碍与对策的实证研究
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摘要
2003年9月，我国公安机关启动“金盾工程”建设。随着“金盾工程”建设的推进，公安机关所走过的分散式信息化建设道路，已在公安内部形成了多个分散式“信息孤岛”，使信息无法共享。特别是在省会城市公安内部信息资源集中整合和共享过程中仍然存在较大阻力，严重制约了公安信息化工作整体效益的充分发挥。为此，本文以昆明市公安局直属业务部门、县(市)区公安局机关单位和公安派出所三类单位的民警为研究对象，从公安内部信息资源共享存在问题、障碍原因和使用系统满意度以及共享协同间的关系及影响入手，对如何实现公安内部信息资源共享进行了探讨和研究。
本文共分五个部分：首先，通过文献研究分别介绍了公安信息资源的概念、特征、分类及公安信息资源共享的概念、公安信息资源管理，总结评价了国内外关于政府(政务)和公安信息资源共享研究情况，并立足于对现实问题的认识和前人研究结果建立起公安内部信息资源共享存在问题、障碍原因和使用系统满意度的研究架构。其次，采取分层抽样，对昆明市公安局三级公安机关民警进行问卷调查，共发放问卷512份，回收问卷412份。采用SPSS13.0对问卷调查数据进行了描述性统计、因子分析、单因素方差分析、皮尔逊积差相关分析和独立样本T检验，对昆明公安内部信息资源共享存在问题、障碍原因和使用系统满意度以及共享协同间的关系及影响进行了验证。最后，基于上述的研究和分析，本文针对公安内部信息资源共享障碍提出了对策建议。
本研究发现：(1)公安信息资源共享存在问题可以从“建库方”、“用库方”、“建库用库双方”和“信息源”四个维度，障碍原因可以从“管理”、“制度规范”、“认识”、“保障”和“环境”五个维度，使用系统满意度可以从“效果”、“同事”和“自身”三个维度，分别来进行衡量。(2)职位因素并不会影响公安民警对内部信息资源共享存在问题、障碍原因的认知和使用系统满意度的评价；而单位类别会影响公安民警对内部信息资源共享存在问题、障碍原因的认知和使用系统满意度的评价。表明“单位”中人存在“群体趋同”现象，说明在公安信息化工作中对单位领导层的培训教育非常重要，因为领导层能够影响单位中群体的观念。(3)公安内部信息资源共享存在问题与障碍原因、障碍原因与使用系统满意度之间有相关性。
In September 2003, the public security organizations throughout China launched the "Golden Shield Project". With the advance of this project, the information system of public security work constructed in a seperated way has composed many "isolated islands"of information among public security organizations, which render information sharing impossible. This is especially the case in the provincial capitals. Consequently, the public security organizations can not utilize the information system to its fullest. This thesis, therefore will explore the strategies on how to share the information among the public security organizations with concentration on the subjects of the policemen from the departments directly under the Kunming Municipal Police Bureau, the police bureaus at county level and other police stations on the basis of analizing the existing problems, reasons of barriers and satisfaction of the system and relation and influence of information sharing.
This thesis can be divided into five parts. The first part is the literary review, which details the concept, features and categarization of public security information and the concept of information sharing among public security organizations based on the summary and evaluation of the studies on information sharing among administrative and public security organizations at home and abroad. It composes the outline of the study on the basis of fully understanding of the present problems and the achievements of the researchers in the past. Secondly, the author carried out a survy at three levels of Kunming Municipal Public Security Bureau. In this survey, 512 questionares were delivered, of which 412 were collected. With the assisstance of SPSS 13.0, the collected data had been examined and analyzed with the methods of descriptive statistics, Factor Analysis, One-way ANOVA, Pearson Product-moment Correlation and Independent-Sample T Test. All the tests and analyses focus on the existing problems, reasons of barriers and satisfaction of the system and the interrelationship and influence between them in the process of information sharing. This thesis also proposes some countermeasures for the barriors in information sharing among public security organizations.
The thesis points out that firstly, the existing problems in information sharing among the public security organizations can be attributed to four aspects: the one who constructs the data base, the one who uses it, the interrelation of them and the foundtain of the information; the barriers are formed for five reasons: management, systematic regulations, recognition, security and environment; the satisfaction of the system can be evaluated from three perspectives: effectiveness, colleagues and oneself. Secondly, rank is not a factor to influence one's evaluation of the the existing problems, reasons of barriers and satisfaction of information sharing system, but the unit one belonging to is. It reveals that subjects from the same unit tend to have the same opinion, which indicates that it is important to train the leaders of each organ in the process of constructing public security information system, because they can influence the common notion of the whole unit. Thirdly, there is correlation between the existing problems and reasons of barriors, between reasons of barriers and satisfaction of information sharing system.
本文共分五个部分：首先，通过文献研究分别介绍了公安信息资源的概念、特征、分类及公安信息资源共享的概念、公安信息资源管理，总结评价了国内外关于政府(政务)和公安信息资源共享研究情况，并立足于对现实问题的认识和前人研究结果建立起公安内部信息资源共享存在问题、障碍原因和使用系统满意度的研究架构。其次，采取分层抽样，对昆明市公安局三级公安机关民警进行问卷调查，共发放问卷512份，回收问卷412份。采用SPSS13.0对问卷调查数据进行了描述性统计、因子分析、单因素方差分析、皮尔逊积差相关分析和独立样本T检验，对昆明公安内部信息资源共享存在问题、障碍原因和使用系统满意度以及共享协同间的关系及影响进行了验证。最后，基于上述的研究和分析，本文针对公安内部信息资源共享障碍提出了对策建议。
本研究发现：(1)公安信息资源共享存在问题可以从“建库方”、“用库方”、“建库用库双方”和“信息源”四个维度，障碍原因可以从“管理”、“制度规范”、“认识”、“保障”和“环境”五个维度，使用系统满意度可以从“效果”、“同事”和“自身”三个维度，分别来进行衡量。(2)职位因素并不会影响公安民警对内部信息资源共享存在问题、障碍原因的认知和使用系统满意度的评价；而单位类别会影响公安民警对内部信息资源共享存在问题、障碍原因的认知和使用系统满意度的评价。表明“单位”中人存在“群体趋同”现象，说明在公安信息化工作中对单位领导层的培训教育非常重要，因为领导层能够影响单位中群体的观念。(3)公安内部信息资源共享存在问题与障碍原因、障碍原因与使用系统满意度之间有相关性。
In September 2003, the public security organizations throughout China launched the "Golden Shield Project". With the advance of this project, the information system of public security work constructed in a seperated way has composed many "isolated islands"of information among public security organizations, which render information sharing impossible. This is especially the case in the provincial capitals. Consequently, the public security organizations can not utilize the information system to its fullest. This thesis, therefore will explore the strategies on how to share the information among the public security organizations with concentration on the subjects of the policemen from the departments directly under the Kunming Municipal Police Bureau, the police bureaus at county level and other police stations on the basis of analizing the existing problems, reasons of barriers and satisfaction of the system and relation and influence of information sharing.
This thesis can be divided into five parts. The first part is the literary review, which details the concept, features and categarization of public security information and the concept of information sharing among public security organizations based on the summary and evaluation of the studies on information sharing among administrative and public security organizations at home and abroad. It composes the outline of the study on the basis of fully understanding of the present problems and the achievements of the researchers in the past. Secondly, the author carried out a survy at three levels of Kunming Municipal Public Security Bureau. In this survey, 512 questionares were delivered, of which 412 were collected. With the assisstance of SPSS 13.0, the collected data had been examined and analyzed with the methods of descriptive statistics, Factor Analysis, One-way ANOVA, Pearson Product-moment Correlation and Independent-Sample T Test. All the tests and analyses focus on the existing problems, reasons of barriers and satisfaction of the system and the interrelationship and influence between them in the process of information sharing. This thesis also proposes some countermeasures for the barriors in information sharing among public security organizations.
The thesis points out that firstly, the existing problems in information sharing among the public security organizations can be attributed to four aspects: the one who constructs the data base, the one who uses it, the interrelation of them and the foundtain of the information; the barriers are formed for five reasons: management, systematic regulations, recognition, security and environment; the satisfaction of the system can be evaluated from three perspectives: effectiveness, colleagues and oneself. Secondly, rank is not a factor to influence one's evaluation of the the existing problems, reasons of barriers and satisfaction of information sharing system, but the unit one belonging to is. It reveals that subjects from the same unit tend to have the same opinion, which indicates that it is important to train the leaders of each organ in the process of constructing public security information system, because they can influence the common notion of the whole unit. Thirdly, there is correlation between the existing problems and reasons of barriors, between reasons of barriers and satisfaction of information sharing system.
引文
1 2005年中国互联网络信息资源数量调查报告，中国互联网络信息中心(CNNIC)，2006年3月
2 2005年中国公安行业信息化建设及IT应用趋势报告(摘要)，计世资讯网，2004年11月
3 公安部科学技术委员会，科技局，信息通信局，金盾工程总体方案设计，2000年2月
1 温家宝总理签署第479号国务院令公布《公安机关组织管理条例》，自2007年1月1日起施行。
1 公安部文件，公通字[2004]30号，公安部关于印发《公安部关于进一步加强公安派出所建设的意见》的通知，http://201.31.61.66/gaxx/showart.cfm?newid=1412，2004-5-28
1 开发利用信息资源必须注意的四个方面问题，电子政务工程网，2005年7月3日，
1 截止2006年12月31日，昆明市公安局对外公布的统计数据
2 经过全国各级公安机关三年攻坚“金盾工程”通过验收，中国警察网，2006年11月17日
1 政务信息资源分级分类，北京市信息资源管理中心，数字北京网，2005年7月11日
1 政务信息资源分级分类，北京市信息资源管理中心，数字北京网，2005年7月11日
1 公安部金盾工程领导小组办公室，地市级公安综合信息系统总体方案设计，2001年2月
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1 政务信息资源分级分类，北京市信息资源管理中心，数字北京网，2005年7月11日
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