He~(2+)离子与Ar原子碰撞转移电离通道反应动力学研究
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摘要
本论文利用中科院近代物理研究所原子分子动力学组建立的反应显微成像谱仪(COLTRIMS),系统地研究了17.5keV/u到75keV/u He2+-Ar原子碰撞电荷转移机制,以及转移电离过程电子出射机制。我们获得了单、双电子俘获过程中反冲离子纵向和横向动量分布,T1I1过程出射电子的单重、双重微分截面(SDCS、DDCS),电子在散射平面内外的分布以及靶激发相关的反冲离子纵向动量分布。此外,还获得了T2I1过程电子出射的双重微分截面,T1I2过程两电子出射的角分布。
研究表明在该体系中电子俘获过程是近似共振的,单电子俘获到He+的第一激发态是主要的过程,而对于双电子俘获过程,电子俘获到He原子单激发态是主要的过程。T1I1通道的研究结果表明,电子出射机制有炮弹双俘获然后自电离(DECA)和靶子内壳层电子被俘获然后俄歇,cusp电子出射以及直接转移电离过程(DTI)。其中,DTI过程对电子出射贡献是主要的,没有明显的鞍点(Saddle point)电离的贡献。电子能谱上的低能共振结构来源于靶内壳层3s电子被俘获后,处于多激发态的靶离子俄歇电离。在电子出射的前向能谱上,即出射角度为0°时的双重微分截面,存在明显的cusp电子峰,即电子被俘获到炮弹离子的连续态(Electron capture to the continuum)。对于中能He2+-Ar碰撞T1I1过程来说,电子-电子之间的关联作用可以忽略,因此,T1I1通道cusp电子出射过程中电子俘获和离化是相互独立的而且是顺次发生的,存在先电离后俘获或者先俘获后电离两种情况。结果表明先电离后俘获过程在T1I1转移电离通道中对cusp电子的贡献占主导,被俘获到炮弹离子束缚态的电子主要处于炮弹离子的第一激发态,也有相当的事件表明被俘获到炮弹束缚态的电子处于炮弹离子的基态,同时伴随着靶子的激发过程。
在T2I1转移电离过程中,末态散射离子是中性,此时cusp电子的产生机制存在争议。目前最为可能的机制是形成He-然后共振自电离。实验中,我们并没有发现存在明显的cusp电子出射,即对以前报道的该体系存在的He共振自电离产生cusp电子的机制提出质疑。在T1I2过程中,整体上两个电子纵向动量分布相似。对于出射能量相对较小的电子,我们发现存在强烈的电子-电子库仑排斥作用,电子出射呈现明显的“背对背”出射,这表明在碰撞末态低能电子之间存在强烈的电子-电子关联。
Using well developed cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy (COLTRIMS), state selective electron capture and electron emission mechanisms in the transfer ionization of He2+collision with argon have been investigated. The longitudinal recoil ion momentum distribution, electron distribution in and out of the scattering plane, and differential cross section of electron ejected in T1I1, T2I1and T1I2have been obtained.
Our results show that quasi-resonant capture mechanism leads to the preference of the first excited state of He+for the single capture process, and the singly excited state of He for the double capture process, respectively. In T1I1process, it is demonstrated that the fruitful mechanisms contributing to the electron emission including direct transfer ionization (DTI), double-electron capture followed by auto-ionization (DECA), single-electron capture with Auger (SECA) of target, and cusp electron emission. The low energy resonant structures show that Ar+in SECA decays mainly through the3s3p53d by emitting Auger electrons, and doubly excited He mainly decays through the2l2l states. In the transfer ionization process studied here, the DTI process dominates the low energy electron emission, and there is no prominant saddle-point electron emission. Further, we have investigated the potential physical mechanism behind cusp electron emission by the presented TCS of cusp electrons (toal cross sections) for collision energies from17.5keV/u to75keV/u. We find a maximum of TCS at the projectile energy of30keV/u, which coincide with the prediction of velocity matching between the projectile ion and the electron initially bound to the target. One of the important issues for T1I1is the role of electron-electron correlation, our experimental and theoretical results indicate that electron-electron correlation is ignorable, the independent and sequential two steps of first single ionization followed by single electron capture dominates the cusp electron emission. However, single capture followed by single ionization also makes a non-negligible contribution, simultanoesuly target are excited.
In T2I1processes, our results show that there is no cusp peak in the forward spectrum of DDCS. For the T1I2processes, two electrons eject with approximately same longitudinal momentum due to the couloumb attraction. For small energy electrons, the strongly final repulsion leads to a "back to back" scenario, which indicates final electron-electron correaltion.
研究表明在该体系中电子俘获过程是近似共振的,单电子俘获到He+的第一激发态是主要的过程,而对于双电子俘获过程,电子俘获到He原子单激发态是主要的过程。T1I1通道的研究结果表明,电子出射机制有炮弹双俘获然后自电离(DECA)和靶子内壳层电子被俘获然后俄歇,cusp电子出射以及直接转移电离过程(DTI)。其中,DTI过程对电子出射贡献是主要的,没有明显的鞍点(Saddle point)电离的贡献。电子能谱上的低能共振结构来源于靶内壳层3s电子被俘获后,处于多激发态的靶离子俄歇电离。在电子出射的前向能谱上,即出射角度为0°时的双重微分截面,存在明显的cusp电子峰,即电子被俘获到炮弹离子的连续态(Electron capture to the continuum)。对于中能He2+-Ar碰撞T1I1过程来说,电子-电子之间的关联作用可以忽略,因此,T1I1通道cusp电子出射过程中电子俘获和离化是相互独立的而且是顺次发生的,存在先电离后俘获或者先俘获后电离两种情况。结果表明先电离后俘获过程在T1I1转移电离通道中对cusp电子的贡献占主导,被俘获到炮弹离子束缚态的电子主要处于炮弹离子的第一激发态,也有相当的事件表明被俘获到炮弹束缚态的电子处于炮弹离子的基态,同时伴随着靶子的激发过程。
在T2I1转移电离过程中,末态散射离子是中性,此时cusp电子的产生机制存在争议。目前最为可能的机制是形成He-然后共振自电离。实验中,我们并没有发现存在明显的cusp电子出射,即对以前报道的该体系存在的He共振自电离产生cusp电子的机制提出质疑。在T1I2过程中,整体上两个电子纵向动量分布相似。对于出射能量相对较小的电子,我们发现存在强烈的电子-电子库仑排斥作用,电子出射呈现明显的“背对背”出射,这表明在碰撞末态低能电子之间存在强烈的电子-电子关联。
Using well developed cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy (COLTRIMS), state selective electron capture and electron emission mechanisms in the transfer ionization of He2+collision with argon have been investigated. The longitudinal recoil ion momentum distribution, electron distribution in and out of the scattering plane, and differential cross section of electron ejected in T1I1, T2I1and T1I2have been obtained.
Our results show that quasi-resonant capture mechanism leads to the preference of the first excited state of He+for the single capture process, and the singly excited state of He for the double capture process, respectively. In T1I1process, it is demonstrated that the fruitful mechanisms contributing to the electron emission including direct transfer ionization (DTI), double-electron capture followed by auto-ionization (DECA), single-electron capture with Auger (SECA) of target, and cusp electron emission. The low energy resonant structures show that Ar+in SECA decays mainly through the3s3p53d by emitting Auger electrons, and doubly excited He mainly decays through the2l2l states. In the transfer ionization process studied here, the DTI process dominates the low energy electron emission, and there is no prominant saddle-point electron emission. Further, we have investigated the potential physical mechanism behind cusp electron emission by the presented TCS of cusp electrons (toal cross sections) for collision energies from17.5keV/u to75keV/u. We find a maximum of TCS at the projectile energy of30keV/u, which coincide with the prediction of velocity matching between the projectile ion and the electron initially bound to the target. One of the important issues for T1I1is the role of electron-electron correlation, our experimental and theoretical results indicate that electron-electron correlation is ignorable, the independent and sequential two steps of first single ionization followed by single electron capture dominates the cusp electron emission. However, single capture followed by single ionization also makes a non-negligible contribution, simultanoesuly target are excited.
In T2I1processes, our results show that there is no cusp peak in the forward spectrum of DDCS. For the T1I2processes, two electrons eject with approximately same longitudinal momentum due to the couloumb attraction. For small energy electrons, the strongly final repulsion leads to a "back to back" scenario, which indicates final electron-electron correaltion.
引文
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