直流无刷电机驱动光伏水泵控制技术的研究
摘要
本论文叙述了一种智能、高效的光伏水泵系统，系统采用无位置传感器的永磁直流无刷电机驱动水泵。对于电机控制，提出了采用虚拟中心点的方法代替传感器实现电机转子位置检测，以完成电机准确换相，并在理论上证明了其正确性；对于光伏阵列工作点最大功率跟踪问题，提出了一种以寻求转速最大点为控制目标实现TMPPT的思想，并进行了稳态跟踪误差分析。
系统以MOTOROLA单片机JL3为核心，完成了系统外围硬件电路和控制软件设计，实现了直流无刷电机反电势过零检测，利用软件滤波的方式消除了PWM波干扰及换相干扰；采用三点预估算法，进行相位锁定，以完成直流无刷电机准确换相；同时实现了光伏阵列工作点的TMPPT跟踪、系统无人监控和故障检测等功能。
实际研制的样机经实验测试，能够控制直流无刷电机准确换相，系统运行稳定，同时最大功率跟踪也取得了很好的跟踪效果。论文的最后分析了系统存在的问题，并指出系统有待提高和完善的地方。
A kind of intelligent and high efficiency photovoltaic water pump is introduced in this dissertation. Permanent magnet brushless DC motor is selected for pump driving, a neutral simulator of back-EMF is set up for rotor position sensing solution instead of sensor ,which proved to be right in theory . At the same time, the principle which taking searching motor maximum-speed point as control object for MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) is put forward and the static error of tracking is analyzed in detail.
Chip JL3, a kind of micro-controllers of 68HC08 series, is used as control unit of the system, with which we complete the designs of the periphery hardware circuit and the control software. In the system, control unit accomplishes back-EMF zero-crossing information reading and closed loop commutation .the system eliminates the PWM interferences and the commutating interferences by filtering with software algorithm. In order to make the BLDC commutate exactly, the method of three-point estimation is used for phase locking in the system. The system also accomplishes several important objects, such as TMPPT of photovoltaic arrays, unmanned supervision of the system, fault detection etc.
The results of the experiment show that the device, which is made on the base of the principle above, can control the motor to complete the exact commutation. The system runs smoothly and presents good static and dynamic performance . Also, we get a good tracking result of MPPT. In the end, we analyze the drawback of this system in detail and give some advice for improvement.
系统以MOTOROLA单片机JL3为核心，完成了系统外围硬件电路和控制软件设计，实现了直流无刷电机反电势过零检测，利用软件滤波的方式消除了PWM波干扰及换相干扰；采用三点预估算法，进行相位锁定，以完成直流无刷电机准确换相；同时实现了光伏阵列工作点的TMPPT跟踪、系统无人监控和故障检测等功能。
实际研制的样机经实验测试，能够控制直流无刷电机准确换相，系统运行稳定，同时最大功率跟踪也取得了很好的跟踪效果。论文的最后分析了系统存在的问题，并指出系统有待提高和完善的地方。
A kind of intelligent and high efficiency photovoltaic water pump is introduced in this dissertation. Permanent magnet brushless DC motor is selected for pump driving, a neutral simulator of back-EMF is set up for rotor position sensing solution instead of sensor ,which proved to be right in theory . At the same time, the principle which taking searching motor maximum-speed point as control object for MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) is put forward and the static error of tracking is analyzed in detail.
Chip JL3, a kind of micro-controllers of 68HC08 series, is used as control unit of the system, with which we complete the designs of the periphery hardware circuit and the control software. In the system, control unit accomplishes back-EMF zero-crossing information reading and closed loop commutation .the system eliminates the PWM interferences and the commutating interferences by filtering with software algorithm. In order to make the BLDC commutate exactly, the method of three-point estimation is used for phase locking in the system. The system also accomplishes several important objects, such as TMPPT of photovoltaic arrays, unmanned supervision of the system, fault detection etc.
The results of the experiment show that the device, which is made on the base of the principle above, can control the motor to complete the exact commutation. The system runs smoothly and presents good static and dynamic performance . Also, we get a good tracking result of MPPT. In the end, we analyze the drawback of this system in detail and give some advice for improvement.
引文
[1] 赵玉文，21世纪我国光伏产业发展战略思考，合肥工业大学讲座，2002．10
[2] 余世杰，光伏水泵系统，太阳能学报专辑，1999
[3] Sir William Halcrow and Partners, Small Scale Solar powered pumping Systems: The Technology, it's Economics and Advancement, UNDP Project GLO/80/003,Main Report, London, 1983
[4] Redi, P., Development of a Brushless submersible Pump,Proc. G.E.C. Photoviltaic Solar Energy Conference, Reidel, Germany, 1985
[5] Herrmann,B.,Karl,H., Kopf, E., Lehner, G., Saupe, G., A PV water Pumping System with Progressive Cavity Pump, Proc. B.E.C, Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference,
[6] 余世杰等，“光伏水泵系统的最大功率点跟踪器”，《太阳能学报》，1997，P225-230
[7] 苏建徽，“光伏水泵系统”，合肥工业大学博士毕业论文，2003，6
[8] 陈伯时，《电力拖动自动控制系统》，机械工业出版社
[9] 京特·莱纳著，《太阳能的光伏利用》，余世杰、何慧若译，合肥工业大学出版社1990
[10] C.K.Le, W.H.Pang, A Brushless DC Motor Speed Control System Using Fuzzy Rules, Proceedings Power Electronics and Variable Speed-Drives Conference, PP101-106, October 1994
[11] 陈颖中，永磁直流无刷电机控制器设计，机电工程，2000年第二期
[12] 李优新，永磁无刷电机电枢反应磁势对最佳换向位置的影响分析，微特电机，2000年第三期，PP26-39
[13] 陈渊，吴捷，张宙，永磁无刷伺服电机无传感器位置估计方法综述，微特电机，2000年第四期，PP3-7
[14] T.H Low, et .al, Servo Performance of a BLDC with Instantaneous Toque Control, Proceedings IEEE Control and Drives Conference, 1990, PP 454-459
[15] George Ellis, Advanced in Brushless DC Motor Technology, Cotrol, and Manifacture, PCIM-Europe, 1996
[16] 贡俊，陆国林，无刷直流电机在工业中的应用和发展，微特电机，2000年第五期，PP15-19
[17] Michael M.Bech, Analysis of Random Pulase-Width Modulation Technology for Power Electronic Converters, PhD theses, Institute of Energy Technology, Aalborg University,2000
[18] 石山，励庆孚，谢卫，一种新型无位置传感器直流电机启动方法，微特电机，2001年第二期，PP25-27
[19] 郑吉，王学普，基于TM884K49的无位置传感器的BLDC控制，微特电机，2001年第二期，PP32-33
[20] 董亚晖，龚世缨，孙剑波，永磁无刷直流电机转子位置估算方法，微特电机，2002年第二期，PP11-13
[21] 余世杰、战福忠等，光伏水泵系统的最大功率点跟踪器，太阳能学报，12卷3期，1991，P225
[22] N.Kasa, T. lida, H.Iwamoto, Maximum power point tracking with capacitor identify for photovoltaic, power system, IEE Proc-Electr. Power Appl. 2000, 147(6): 497-502
[23] Nobuyuki Kasa, Takahiko Iida, Gourab Majumdar, Robust Control for Maximum Power Tracking in Photovoltaic Power System, Power Conversion Conference, 2002. PCC-Osaka 2002.2002,2:877-832
[24] M.Godoy Simoes, N. Fran,N.N. Francestti, M. Fridhofer, A Fuzzy Logic based Photoviltaic Peak power Tracking Controller, Industrial Electronics, 1998, Proceedings ISIE'981:300-305 Vol. 1
[25] 沈玉梁、蔡二南，“带有MPPT功能的光伏水泵系统专用逆变器，太阳能学报，15卷3期，1994，P218
[26] 沈玉梁、蔡二南，带有DUCK变换器并具有CVT功能的光伏系统的稳定性分析，太阳能学报，14卷1期，1993
[27] S.J. Yu, H.R. He, Solar Water Pumping Activities and Commercialization in
China, Workshop on Renewable Energy Applications, Photovoltaic , wind & Small Hydro. Dec. 1996, New Delhi, India
[28]余世杰、何慧若，光伏水泵系统中CVT及TMPPT的控制比较，太阳能学报，1998年第19卷，第4期，P394
[29]闫石，童诗白，冯博琴，微型计算机原理与接口技术，清华大学出版社，2002．
[30]何慧若、余世杰，光伏水泵系统用CVT型最大功率点跟踪器电压整定值的仿真研究，新能源，1998年，第20卷，第6期，P15
[2] 余世杰，光伏水泵系统，太阳能学报专辑，1999
[3] Sir William Halcrow and Partners, Small Scale Solar powered pumping Systems: The Technology, it's Economics and Advancement, UNDP Project GLO/80/003,Main Report, London, 1983
[4] Redi, P., Development of a Brushless submersible Pump,Proc. G.E.C. Photoviltaic Solar Energy Conference, Reidel, Germany, 1985
[5] Herrmann,B.,Karl,H., Kopf, E., Lehner, G., Saupe, G., A PV water Pumping System with Progressive Cavity Pump, Proc. B.E.C, Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference,
[6] 余世杰等，“光伏水泵系统的最大功率点跟踪器”，《太阳能学报》，1997，P225-230
[7] 苏建徽，“光伏水泵系统”，合肥工业大学博士毕业论文，2003，6
[8] 陈伯时，《电力拖动自动控制系统》，机械工业出版社
[9] 京特·莱纳著，《太阳能的光伏利用》，余世杰、何慧若译，合肥工业大学出版社1990
[10] C.K.Le, W.H.Pang, A Brushless DC Motor Speed Control System Using Fuzzy Rules, Proceedings Power Electronics and Variable Speed-Drives Conference, PP101-106, October 1994
[11] 陈颖中，永磁直流无刷电机控制器设计，机电工程，2000年第二期
[12] 李优新，永磁无刷电机电枢反应磁势对最佳换向位置的影响分析，微特电机，2000年第三期，PP26-39
[13] 陈渊，吴捷，张宙，永磁无刷伺服电机无传感器位置估计方法综述，微特电机，2000年第四期，PP3-7
[14] T.H Low, et .al, Servo Performance of a BLDC with Instantaneous Toque Control, Proceedings IEEE Control and Drives Conference, 1990, PP 454-459
[15] George Ellis, Advanced in Brushless DC Motor Technology, Cotrol, and Manifacture, PCIM-Europe, 1996
[16] 贡俊，陆国林，无刷直流电机在工业中的应用和发展，微特电机，2000年第五期，PP15-19
[17] Michael M.Bech, Analysis of Random Pulase-Width Modulation Technology for Power Electronic Converters, PhD theses, Institute of Energy Technology, Aalborg University,2000
[18] 石山，励庆孚，谢卫，一种新型无位置传感器直流电机启动方法，微特电机，2001年第二期，PP25-27
[19] 郑吉，王学普，基于TM884K49的无位置传感器的BLDC控制，微特电机，2001年第二期，PP32-33
[20] 董亚晖，龚世缨，孙剑波，永磁无刷直流电机转子位置估算方法，微特电机，2002年第二期，PP11-13
[21] 余世杰、战福忠等，光伏水泵系统的最大功率点跟踪器，太阳能学报，12卷3期，1991，P225
[22] N.Kasa, T. lida, H.Iwamoto, Maximum power point tracking with capacitor identify for photovoltaic, power system, IEE Proc-Electr. Power Appl. 2000, 147(6): 497-502
[23] Nobuyuki Kasa, Takahiko Iida, Gourab Majumdar, Robust Control for Maximum Power Tracking in Photovoltaic Power System, Power Conversion Conference, 2002. PCC-Osaka 2002.2002,2:877-832
[24] M.Godoy Simoes, N. Fran,N.N. Francestti, M. Fridhofer, A Fuzzy Logic based Photoviltaic Peak power Tracking Controller, Industrial Electronics, 1998, Proceedings ISIE'981:300-305 Vol. 1
[25] 沈玉梁、蔡二南，“带有MPPT功能的光伏水泵系统专用逆变器，太阳能学报，15卷3期，1994，P218
[26] 沈玉梁、蔡二南，带有DUCK变换器并具有CVT功能的光伏系统的稳定性分析，太阳能学报，14卷1期，1993
[27] S.J. Yu, H.R. He, Solar Water Pumping Activities and Commercialization in
China, Workshop on Renewable Energy Applications, Photovoltaic , wind & Small Hydro. Dec. 1996, New Delhi, India
[28]余世杰、何慧若，光伏水泵系统中CVT及TMPPT的控制比较，太阳能学报，1998年第19卷，第4期，P394
[29]闫石，童诗白，冯博琴，微型计算机原理与接口技术，清华大学出版社，2002．
[30]何慧若、余世杰，光伏水泵系统用CVT型最大功率点跟踪器电压整定值的仿真研究，新能源，1998年，第20卷，第6期，P15