激光散斑计量技术及其应用研究
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摘要
激光散斑计量技术是最近几十年迅速发展起来的现代光学计量技术,它具有全场、非接触、高精度、高灵敏度、抗干扰能力强和工作稳定可靠等优点。一直受到人们普遍关注。电子技术、计算机技术、激光技术的发展也促进了散斑计量技术的发展,使散斑计量技术向实时、高速及自动化方向发展并被广泛应用于工业生产中。
     本文在详细阐述了激光散斑形成,散斑特性的基础上。介绍了激光散斑计量技术的发展历史并对目前广泛采用的激光散斑计量技术进行了论述。详细介绍了几种常用的方法:如散斑照相术,散斑干涉术,电子散斑干涉术,数字散斑相关计量技术以及电子散斑干涉相减计量技术等。
     文中主要讨论了电子散斑计量技术应用领域的拓展和数据分析的简化。如运用传统技术实现对透明体参数的计量,并尝试把传统用于平移的相关方法计量思想用于旋转体的测量,以期最终能用于工业三维物体表面形貌数字化技术中的旋转轴标定。在电子散斑干涉相减技术方面,引入了传统中很少应用的灰度等级分析技术,以实现对亚波长位移或变形的测量,灰度等级分析技术的引入不仅避免了传统相移技术去包裹处理的麻烦,减化了计量过程,也大大提高了计量精度。
Laser speckle metrology is a modern optical measurement technology which is progressing rapidly in recent years. It has many merits like whole field, non- touch, high Precision and so on, so more and more attention have been paid to it. The Laser speckle metrology develops with the development of electronic, computer and laser technology. Now, this method has been used in industry and other fields proverbially.
     This paper reviewed the basic theory and the development history of laser speckle and several main methods of speckle metrology, such as: The speckle photography(SP) , the speckle interfereometry(SI), the electronic speckle pattern interfereometry(ESPI), the digital speckle correlation methods(DSCM)and so on.
     In this paper, the three projects mentioned below are our main attention aims. One is to measure the depth of transparent medium by digital speckle correlation method. The other is the calibration of rotation axis in 3D surface figure digitized by speckle method. And the last project is using the hybrid technology of electronic speckle pattern interferometry(ESPI) and gray level method to measure nano-scale deformation. Compared to the phase shifting method, this method is very easy to operate and has a higher precision. So it is worthy to give it more attention.
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