建立三峡库区航运安全管理体系的构想
摘要
随着我国经济的高速发展和西部大开发的实施，长江航运的作用及巨大潜
力日渐呈现出来，特别是长江三峡枢纽工程的顺利实施，将使三峡库区航运发
生翻天覆地的变化。而近年来，长江上游船舶航行秩序不稳定，事故多发，安
全形势不断恶化，使三峡库区形成后的航运安全管理显得尤为重要和突出。
本文主要分析三峡工程对长江航运的重大意义和主要影响，运用长江干线
辖区安全状况综合评估办法，对长江上游水上交通安全进行评估，详细分析事
故原因，找出安全管理上的薄弱环节，结合三峡库区蓄水后的实际情况，提出
建立三峡库区航运安全管理体系的构想，供上级参考，以切实加强水上交通安
全管理，确保三峡库区水上交通安全形势的稳定。
论文共分四个部分：
第一部分是绪论。主要介绍长江流域及航运的概况和三峡库区航运基本情
况，明确论文思路及目的。
第二部分是三峡工程对长江航运的重大意义和主要影响。主要对三峡水利
枢纽工程的概况、主要建筑物、施工工期和主要作用进行介绍，根据国内外内
河航运发展概况，明确内河航运发展趋势，指出三峡工程建设对发展长江航运
的重大意义，分析三峡工程建设对长江航运的主要影响，为提出建立三峡库区
航运安全管理体系打下基础。
第三部分是长江上游航运安全状况的特点及成因。主要是对1995年以来长
江上游的事故情况分类进行统计，运用长江干线辖区安全状况综合评估办法，
对近三年长江上游的安全状况进行评估，找出事故主要特点，对事故原因进行
频度排序，综合分析事故原因，明确只有建立三峡库区航运安全管理体系，才
能确保船舶航行、停泊和作业安全。
第四部分是建立三峡库区航运安全管理体系的构想。主要是介绍国内国外
航运安全管理的先进技术，结合三峡库区的实际情况，提出包括实行船舶定线
制、建立船舶交通管理系统、建立船舶污染应急反应系统、建立海事搜救系统、
建立船员管理系统和建立海事管理保障系统的三峡库区航运安全管理体系的构
想，供上级领导参考决策，以变被动管理为主动管理，从根本上解决三峡库区
航运安全管理的问题。
Along with China economic developing with western region big develop,into practice and the function and bigness potential of the Yangtze River shipping gradually present out,especially vital point engineering in Yangtze River Three gorges of smoothly into practices,and will make the three gorges water area shipping occurrence turn over a variety for ground of a day. But in recent years,Yangtze River upper stream the ships sail the order unsteady settle,and many hairs,safe situation of troubles are continuously worsen,and make the Three gorges the water area become the empress's shipping safety the management to seem to be particularly for the importance with outstanding.
This thesis is main analysis Three gorges project to the great significance of the Yangtze River shipping with main influence,make use of the safe condition of magistracy of Yangtze River trunk line to synthesize the valuation way,to Yangtze River upper stream water top transportation safety proceed take the gauge of,reason of detailed analysis trouble,find out the safe weak link that ascend of management,actual circumstance after join teetering the Three gorges Water area the water,bring up to establish the Three gorges Water area the shipping safety management system's speculation,provide the upper grade to test,then slice solid enhance the water on the transportation safe manage,and insure the Three gorges Water area the water on the transportation the stability of the safe situation.
The thesis totally is divided intones four parses:
The first part is an introduction. The general situation of the Yangtze River valley and shipping of main introduction is with the basic circumstance,clear and definite thesis way of thinking and purpose of shipping of three gorges Water area.
The second part is Three gorges engineering to the great significance of the Yangtze River shipping with main influence. Main to Three gorges water conservancy vital point the engineering's general situation,main building,construction work period main influence towards Yangtze River shipping of developments of Three gorges engineering of great significance for with main function proceeding introducing,the domestic and international inland river shipping develop the general situation,clear and definite inland river shipping to develop the trend,indicating that Three gorges engineering developments Yangtze River shipping
of right development,analysis,for bring upping establish the Three gorges Water area The third part is a Yangtze River upper stream shipping the characteristics of the safe condition and because of. Primarily is to since 1995 the trouble circumstance of the Yangtze River upper stream classification proceed statistics,application the safe condition of magistracy of Yangtze River trunk line synthesize the valuation way,and proceeds to the safe condition of the Yangtze River upper stream of three year take the gauge of,find out the main characteristics of trouble,and proceeds to trouble reason degree row preface,synthesize to analyze the trouble reason,clear and definite to have to establish the Three gorges Water area the shipping the safety to manage the system,and can insure the ships sail,anchor with homework safety.
The four-part cent establish the three gorges Water area the shipping safety to manage the system's speculation. Primarily introduce the safe advanced technique that manage of local abroad shipping,combinative the area's actual circumstance of Three gorges Water ,bring up to include the execution ships to settle the line system,establish the ships transportation to manage the system,establish the ships pollution to meet an emergency the reaction system,establish the maritime affairs to search to save the system,establish the seaman to manage the system with establish the maritime affairs management to guarantee the system's Three gorges Water area the shipping the safety to manage the system's speculation,and provide the superior to lead to test decision,then become the passive management for active management,and by the root resolv
力日渐呈现出来，特别是长江三峡枢纽工程的顺利实施，将使三峡库区航运发
生翻天覆地的变化。而近年来，长江上游船舶航行秩序不稳定，事故多发，安
全形势不断恶化，使三峡库区形成后的航运安全管理显得尤为重要和突出。
本文主要分析三峡工程对长江航运的重大意义和主要影响，运用长江干线
辖区安全状况综合评估办法，对长江上游水上交通安全进行评估，详细分析事
故原因，找出安全管理上的薄弱环节，结合三峡库区蓄水后的实际情况，提出
建立三峡库区航运安全管理体系的构想，供上级参考，以切实加强水上交通安
全管理，确保三峡库区水上交通安全形势的稳定。
论文共分四个部分：
第一部分是绪论。主要介绍长江流域及航运的概况和三峡库区航运基本情
况，明确论文思路及目的。
第二部分是三峡工程对长江航运的重大意义和主要影响。主要对三峡水利
枢纽工程的概况、主要建筑物、施工工期和主要作用进行介绍，根据国内外内
河航运发展概况，明确内河航运发展趋势，指出三峡工程建设对发展长江航运
的重大意义，分析三峡工程建设对长江航运的主要影响，为提出建立三峡库区
航运安全管理体系打下基础。
第三部分是长江上游航运安全状况的特点及成因。主要是对1995年以来长
江上游的事故情况分类进行统计，运用长江干线辖区安全状况综合评估办法，
对近三年长江上游的安全状况进行评估，找出事故主要特点，对事故原因进行
频度排序，综合分析事故原因，明确只有建立三峡库区航运安全管理体系，才
能确保船舶航行、停泊和作业安全。
第四部分是建立三峡库区航运安全管理体系的构想。主要是介绍国内国外
航运安全管理的先进技术，结合三峡库区的实际情况，提出包括实行船舶定线
制、建立船舶交通管理系统、建立船舶污染应急反应系统、建立海事搜救系统、
建立船员管理系统和建立海事管理保障系统的三峡库区航运安全管理体系的构
想，供上级领导参考决策，以变被动管理为主动管理，从根本上解决三峡库区
航运安全管理的问题。
Along with China economic developing with western region big develop,into practice and the function and bigness potential of the Yangtze River shipping gradually present out,especially vital point engineering in Yangtze River Three gorges of smoothly into practices,and will make the three gorges water area shipping occurrence turn over a variety for ground of a day. But in recent years,Yangtze River upper stream the ships sail the order unsteady settle,and many hairs,safe situation of troubles are continuously worsen,and make the Three gorges the water area become the empress's shipping safety the management to seem to be particularly for the importance with outstanding.
This thesis is main analysis Three gorges project to the great significance of the Yangtze River shipping with main influence,make use of the safe condition of magistracy of Yangtze River trunk line to synthesize the valuation way,to Yangtze River upper stream water top transportation safety proceed take the gauge of,reason of detailed analysis trouble,find out the safe weak link that ascend of management,actual circumstance after join teetering the Three gorges Water area the water,bring up to establish the Three gorges Water area the shipping safety management system's speculation,provide the upper grade to test,then slice solid enhance the water on the transportation safe manage,and insure the Three gorges Water area the water on the transportation the stability of the safe situation.
The thesis totally is divided intones four parses:
The first part is an introduction. The general situation of the Yangtze River valley and shipping of main introduction is with the basic circumstance,clear and definite thesis way of thinking and purpose of shipping of three gorges Water area.
The second part is Three gorges engineering to the great significance of the Yangtze River shipping with main influence. Main to Three gorges water conservancy vital point the engineering's general situation,main building,construction work period main influence towards Yangtze River shipping of developments of Three gorges engineering of great significance for with main function proceeding introducing,the domestic and international inland river shipping develop the general situation,clear and definite inland river shipping to develop the trend,indicating that Three gorges engineering developments Yangtze River shipping
of right development,analysis,for bring upping establish the Three gorges Water area The third part is a Yangtze River upper stream shipping the characteristics of the safe condition and because of. Primarily is to since 1995 the trouble circumstance of the Yangtze River upper stream classification proceed statistics,application the safe condition of magistracy of Yangtze River trunk line synthesize the valuation way,and proceeds to the safe condition of the Yangtze River upper stream of three year take the gauge of,find out the main characteristics of trouble,and proceeds to trouble reason degree row preface,synthesize to analyze the trouble reason,clear and definite to have to establish the Three gorges Water area the shipping the safety to manage the system,and can insure the ships sail,anchor with homework safety.
The four-part cent establish the three gorges Water area the shipping safety to manage the system's speculation. Primarily introduce the safe advanced technique that manage of local abroad shipping,combinative the area's actual circumstance of Three gorges Water ,bring up to include the execution ships to settle the line system,establish the ships transportation to manage the system,establish the ships pollution to meet an emergency the reaction system,establish the maritime affairs to search to save the system,establish the seaman to manage the system with establish the maritime affairs management to guarantee the system's Three gorges Water area the shipping the safety to manage the system's speculation,and provide the superior to lead to test decision,then become the passive management for active management,and by the root resolv
引文
[1]吴兆麟，海上交通工程，大连：大连海运学院出版社，1993．
[2]杨赞、武力平，船舶交通调查与分析(大连海运学院自编讲义)，1992．
[3]高士晖，海上交通安全管理，北京：人民交通出版社，1986．
[4]齐传新、林荣照，内河船舶运输安全学，大连：大连海运学院出版社，1991．4．
[5]沈志云，交通运输工程学，北京：人民交通出版社，1999．7．
[6]邱民，船舶交通工程学，北京：人民交通出版社，1992．
[7]李勇、邱振良，船舶操纵，北京：人民交通出版社，1999．10．
[8]戴行信、张永江、见军，交通安全概论，北京：人民交通出版社，1992．
[9]严宝杰，交通调查与分析，北京：人民交通出版社，1997．6．
[10]刘舒燕，交通运输系统工程，北京：人民交通出版社，1998．7．
[11]陈水晓，内河安全运输学，1989．
[12]中华人民共和国交通部30号令，内河避碰规则，1991．4．
[13]交通部长江港航监督局，长江下游分道航行规则，1997．12．
[14]交通部长江航务管理局，长江上游南津关至羊角滩控制河段安全管理规定，1998．12．
[15]中国航海学会，中国沿海港口建立船舶交通管理系统总体方案论证报告，1987．
[16]中国航海学会，船舶交通管理系统(VTMS)资料汇编，1987．
[17]大连海事大学信息工程学院，南浏VTS工程后评估报告—总报告，2000．4．
[18]交通部长江港航监督局，长江干线南京至浏河口VTS系统用户手册，1996．8．
[19]国际航标协会，国际航标协会VTS手册，1993．
[20]许璞和、郑学文，我国船舶交通管理系统(VTS)工程后评价，中国航海，1998．1．
[21]万县长江港航监督局，海事业务三基资料的汇编，2001．3．
[22]中华人民共和国海事局，中国海事，2000．2，2000．3．
[23]中华人民共和国长江海事局，长江海事公告，2000．1-2001．5．
[24]武汉交通科技大学，交通科技，2000增刊
[25]武汉交通科技大学，水运科技信息，1994．4．
[26]中国航海学会内河港航监督专业委员会，论文集，1997，1998，1999，2000
[27]中国航海学会内河船舶驾驶专业委员会，长江分道航行与船舶操纵技术，第十辑，1997．6．
[28]中国航海学会内河海事专业委员会，中国港监，2001．1，2001．2，2001．3，2001．4，2001．5．
[29]交通部长江港航监督局，优秀科技论文集，1998．4．，1999．4．，2000．4．
[30]中国长江三峡工程开发总公司，中国三峡建设，1999．9，2000．1．
[31]杨兆升，交通运输系统规划—有关理论和方法，北京：人民交通出版社，1998．9．
[32]施妙根、顾丽珍，科学和工程计算基础，北京：清华大学出版社，1999．8．
[33]刘人杰、柳晓明，船舶交通管理电子系统，大连：大连海运学院出版社，1992．11．
[34]于寅，高等工程数学，武汉：华中理工大学出版社，1994．8．
[35]倪江华，交通工程学计算示例，北京：人民交通出版社，1993．6．
[36]同济大学数学教研室，概率论，北京：高等教育出版社，1984．3．
[37]黄卫、陈里得，智能运输系统(ITS)概论，北京：人民交通出版社，1999．9．
[38]董国良，智能交通系统，北京：人民交通出版社，1999．
[39]G.R.G.Lewison,The Risk of a Ship Encounter Leading to a Collision,Journal of Navigation,Vol.31,1978.
[40]U.S.COAST GUARD,VTS Customer Satisfaction Survey Results &Information-1999 Survey Results.
[41]Fang XiangLin et al.Synthetic Evaluation Method Applied to Partition of the Order and Grade of Port VTS [R].Canada: Proceedings of The Seventh International Symposium on Vessel Traffic Services,1992.
[42]A.N.Cockcroft,Routing in English Channel,Journal of Navigation,Vol.34,1981.
[43]T.G.Goldwell, Marine Traffic Behaviour in Restricted Waters,Journal of Mavigation,Vol.36,1983.
[2]杨赞、武力平，船舶交通调查与分析(大连海运学院自编讲义)，1992．
[3]高士晖，海上交通安全管理，北京：人民交通出版社，1986．
[4]齐传新、林荣照，内河船舶运输安全学，大连：大连海运学院出版社，1991．4．
[5]沈志云，交通运输工程学，北京：人民交通出版社，1999．7．
[6]邱民，船舶交通工程学，北京：人民交通出版社，1992．
[7]李勇、邱振良，船舶操纵，北京：人民交通出版社，1999．10．
[8]戴行信、张永江、见军，交通安全概论，北京：人民交通出版社，1992．
[9]严宝杰，交通调查与分析，北京：人民交通出版社，1997．6．
[10]刘舒燕，交通运输系统工程，北京：人民交通出版社，1998．7．
[11]陈水晓，内河安全运输学，1989．
[12]中华人民共和国交通部30号令，内河避碰规则，1991．4．
[13]交通部长江港航监督局，长江下游分道航行规则，1997．12．
[14]交通部长江航务管理局，长江上游南津关至羊角滩控制河段安全管理规定，1998．12．
[15]中国航海学会，中国沿海港口建立船舶交通管理系统总体方案论证报告，1987．
[16]中国航海学会，船舶交通管理系统(VTMS)资料汇编，1987．
[17]大连海事大学信息工程学院，南浏VTS工程后评估报告—总报告，2000．4．
[18]交通部长江港航监督局，长江干线南京至浏河口VTS系统用户手册，1996．8．
[19]国际航标协会，国际航标协会VTS手册，1993．
[20]许璞和、郑学文，我国船舶交通管理系统(VTS)工程后评价，中国航海，1998．1．
[21]万县长江港航监督局，海事业务三基资料的汇编，2001．3．
[22]中华人民共和国海事局，中国海事，2000．2，2000．3．
[23]中华人民共和国长江海事局，长江海事公告，2000．1-2001．5．
[24]武汉交通科技大学，交通科技，2000增刊
[25]武汉交通科技大学，水运科技信息，1994．4．
[26]中国航海学会内河港航监督专业委员会，论文集，1997，1998，1999，2000
[27]中国航海学会内河船舶驾驶专业委员会，长江分道航行与船舶操纵技术，第十辑，1997．6．
[28]中国航海学会内河海事专业委员会，中国港监，2001．1，2001．2，2001．3，2001．4，2001．5．
[29]交通部长江港航监督局，优秀科技论文集，1998．4．，1999．4．，2000．4．
[30]中国长江三峡工程开发总公司，中国三峡建设，1999．9，2000．1．
[31]杨兆升，交通运输系统规划—有关理论和方法，北京：人民交通出版社，1998．9．
[32]施妙根、顾丽珍，科学和工程计算基础，北京：清华大学出版社，1999．8．
[33]刘人杰、柳晓明，船舶交通管理电子系统，大连：大连海运学院出版社，1992．11．
[34]于寅，高等工程数学，武汉：华中理工大学出版社，1994．8．
[35]倪江华，交通工程学计算示例，北京：人民交通出版社，1993．6．
[36]同济大学数学教研室，概率论，北京：高等教育出版社，1984．3．
[37]黄卫、陈里得，智能运输系统(ITS)概论，北京：人民交通出版社，1999．9．
[38]董国良，智能交通系统，北京：人民交通出版社，1999．
[39]G.R.G.Lewison,The Risk of a Ship Encounter Leading to a Collision,Journal of Navigation,Vol.31,1978.
[40]U.S.COAST GUARD,VTS Customer Satisfaction Survey Results &Information-1999 Survey Results.
[41]Fang XiangLin et al.Synthetic Evaluation Method Applied to Partition of the Order and Grade of Port VTS [R].Canada: Proceedings of The Seventh International Symposium on Vessel Traffic Services,1992.
[42]A.N.Cockcroft,Routing in English Channel,Journal of Navigation,Vol.34,1981.
[43]T.G.Goldwell, Marine Traffic Behaviour in Restricted Waters,Journal of Mavigation,Vol.36,1983.