我国证券投资基金的量化评价体系研究
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摘要
一般来说,基金的评价方法包括定性分析与定量分析,指标构成包括描述性指标与比较性指标。本文在借鉴国外相对成熟的证券投资基金评价方法的基础上,结合我国基金市场的现状和特点,评析了国内学者目前在该领域的研究状况,并构建了量化的比较性评价体系,用于综合评价我国证券投资基金的表现,从而使评价的结果更简洁、更直观、更客观。
     通过评析目前我国的基金评价方法,我们发现:定量方面的研究大多是直接引进国外理论成果或对基金某一方面的表现提出评价方法;实证分析主要是对基金的某个方面进行零散的评价,且研究时期短,评价的有效性有限;实践运用中的评价指标体系往往过于复杂,仅适合于作为专业的和专项的分析材料,在作为综合评价指标并进行比较时,其实用性非常有限。
     所以,本文通过以下几个方面的工作,试图弥补现有的评价研究中存在的不足。
     首先,对国外理论界经典成型的、以及前沿的基金评价指标和评价方法进行了详细的分析,并结合我国的基金市场状况,选取了可以衡量基金收益、稳定性、下跌风险、股票选择能力、时机选择能力等量化指标;其次,根据我国基金分析的需要,采用了诸如基金交易价格、换手率等二级市场表现指标;然后,对这些指标进行了时间延续性分析,检测这些指标在运用到我国基金市场时能否有效预测基金未来表现,从而形成了两类指标:时间延续性很好的S_p和时间延续性不好的其它所有指标;再次,在以上工作的基础上形成了由两个层面的指标构成的我国证券投资基金评价体系:S_p和因子分析中综合因子得分值;最后,选取了我国2000年1月1日前成立的23只封闭式基金作为样本,并同时采用上证A股与深成A股两个基准组合进行了3年样本期的实证分析,得出了最终的比较性评价结果。
     本文目的是构建我国证券投资基金评价体系,使该指标体系一方面能代表较为全面的比较性信息,另一方面则通过因子分析来简化评价信息,获得最终的综合评价结果。
     在运用该评价体系对我国证券投资基金进行实证分析中,我们发现:在2000年1月初至2002年12月底的三年的考察期里,我国基金的总体表现不理想,甚至低于市场总体表现。在基金间个体比较中,单位总体风险的超额收益最高的是基金兴和,其次是景阳、裕隆、天元;综合得分最高的是景阳,其它依次是兴和、裕隆、天元、安信、兴华、金鑫等。
Generally, security funds can be valuated through qualitative analysis or quantitative analysis, and index includes descriptive index or comparative index. This paper analyzes the methods of valuating close-end funds in our country, based on the index of overseas funds valuation and domestic market condition, and creates the system to valuate close-end funds in our country by comparative and quantitative index.
    In former domestic study of valuating security funds, there are many problems: index was often used for reference from abroad without applicability analysis; empirical analysis they have done was often unilateral; the valuation system was of complexity, which is unfit for common and whole judgment.
    So this paper tries to solve these problems through the following work:
    First, we select some index to valuate the close-end funds, including income, stability, risk in falling, stocks selecting ability and tuning ability, based on overseas funds valuation methods and domestic market condition; Second, we analyze the stability
    of all index and form two styles index, which are f and other bad stability index;
    Then, we form the valuation system, including two-layers index, which are p and
    factor score; Last, we use this system to analyze the close-end funds which came into existence before 2000 and get the final comparative result.
    The main intention of this paper is to create the system of valuating close-end funds in our country, which is comprehensive and objective.
    In my valuation system involving the period from 2000 to 2003, the funds as a whole performs inferior to the stock index. In the individual comparing, Fund Xinghe performs
    best by the index of Sp; Fund Jingyang performs best by the index of factor score.
    Name: Yu Ling (Finance) Directed by-Hu Yan-jing
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