基于DSP的无功补偿装置的研究与设计
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摘要
针对电力系统中无功补偿装置发展的现状，研制出了一种基于DSP TMS320LF2407控制的低压动态无功补偿装置。作为无功补偿控制器和电网监测器的统一体，该装置以实时的电网监测数据为依据，以城镇低压网(220V)的最佳无功补偿为对象。
本文主要研究了无功补偿对电网性能的改善，无功补偿装置的控制方式及原理，和控制器的软硬件设计。系统硬件上采用了TI公司的16位定点DSP TMS320LF2407控制，具有比传统的单片机控制运算速度高，实时性好的特点。采用晶闸管控制投切电容器，全数字化控制，全中文液晶显示界面实时显示系统运行状况，完全实现了电容器的快速，无弧，无冲击投切，具有优良的性能。在软件上，采用汇编语言编程，遵循模块化设计原则，提高了系统的通用性和维护的简易程度。在投切原则上，与常见的功率因数控制方案相比较，采用无功功率控制，避免了轻载振荡。为了实现装置应具有的功能，本文设计并制作了较为完整的控制电路及其外围设备的硬件电路。它们包括触发电路、采样电路、显示电路及通讯电路等。文中还设计编写了整个控制系统的控制程序，给出了控制软件的结构框图。在本文中，还介绍了电网谐波对补偿装置的影响，以及装置在电网谐波含量超标时采取的保护措施。最后，对无功补偿装置的发展和DSP控制技术的发展进行展望。
Contraposing the developmental actuality of reactive power compensation system in power system, a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) controlled Thyristor Switch Capacitors (TSC) system is designed based on TMS320LF2407 for reactive power dynamic compensation. As the combination of reactive power controller and electric power wire's measurement, this device's working theory is based on the real-time data of the electric power wire and it's intention is to complete the most felicitous compensation for the reactive power which exists in the 220V electric power wire.
The paper mainly includes the followed parts: the ameliorating of the net's capability by the reactive power compensation, the control method and principle of reactive power compensation device and the hardware and software design of the device. The device's hardware core is the 16-bit fix point DSP TMS320LF2407 produced by TI corp., which has many merits such as high operating speed and high real-time. The system adopts thyristor as switch that connect capacitors to main circuit, numeralization control, and Chinese menu LCD screen interface displaying system's run-time Status momentarily. It actualizes the capacitor's speediness, no arc, no percussion switching, and has superior performance. The software design adopts the assemble language; we use the method of modularization which can improve the universal trait of the program and simplify the device's maintenance. Mention of switching law, control method considering reactive power, comparing with familiar control method considering power factor, avoids os
cillation on the condition of light loading. In order to realize system's required function, this paper designs and realizes comparatively integrate microcomputer controlled circuit and its peripherals circuit, including triggering circuit, sampling circuit, displaying circuit and communicating circuit. It also designs the whole controlling program of the system, and gives the controlling software structure flow chart. This paper also points out the influence of harmonics to the compensation system, and the protect measurement in the condition of high harmonics on the power net. At last, the paper looks into the future of the development of reactive power compensation and the technique of DSP controller.
本文主要研究了无功补偿对电网性能的改善，无功补偿装置的控制方式及原理，和控制器的软硬件设计。系统硬件上采用了TI公司的16位定点DSP TMS320LF2407控制，具有比传统的单片机控制运算速度高，实时性好的特点。采用晶闸管控制投切电容器，全数字化控制，全中文液晶显示界面实时显示系统运行状况，完全实现了电容器的快速，无弧，无冲击投切，具有优良的性能。在软件上，采用汇编语言编程，遵循模块化设计原则，提高了系统的通用性和维护的简易程度。在投切原则上，与常见的功率因数控制方案相比较，采用无功功率控制，避免了轻载振荡。为了实现装置应具有的功能，本文设计并制作了较为完整的控制电路及其外围设备的硬件电路。它们包括触发电路、采样电路、显示电路及通讯电路等。文中还设计编写了整个控制系统的控制程序，给出了控制软件的结构框图。在本文中，还介绍了电网谐波对补偿装置的影响，以及装置在电网谐波含量超标时采取的保护措施。最后，对无功补偿装置的发展和DSP控制技术的发展进行展望。
Contraposing the developmental actuality of reactive power compensation system in power system, a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) controlled Thyristor Switch Capacitors (TSC) system is designed based on TMS320LF2407 for reactive power dynamic compensation. As the combination of reactive power controller and electric power wire's measurement, this device's working theory is based on the real-time data of the electric power wire and it's intention is to complete the most felicitous compensation for the reactive power which exists in the 220V electric power wire.
The paper mainly includes the followed parts: the ameliorating of the net's capability by the reactive power compensation, the control method and principle of reactive power compensation device and the hardware and software design of the device. The device's hardware core is the 16-bit fix point DSP TMS320LF2407 produced by TI corp., which has many merits such as high operating speed and high real-time. The system adopts thyristor as switch that connect capacitors to main circuit, numeralization control, and Chinese menu LCD screen interface displaying system's run-time Status momentarily. It actualizes the capacitor's speediness, no arc, no percussion switching, and has superior performance. The software design adopts the assemble language; we use the method of modularization which can improve the universal trait of the program and simplify the device's maintenance. Mention of switching law, control method considering reactive power, comparing with familiar control method considering power factor, avoids os
cillation on the condition of light loading. In order to realize system's required function, this paper designs and realizes comparatively integrate microcomputer controlled circuit and its peripherals circuit, including triggering circuit, sampling circuit, displaying circuit and communicating circuit. It also designs the whole controlling program of the system, and gives the controlling software structure flow chart. This paper also points out the influence of harmonics to the compensation system, and the protect measurement in the condition of high harmonics on the power net. At last, the paper looks into the future of the development of reactive power compensation and the technique of DSP controller.
引文
[1] 王梅义．大电网系统技术．水利电力出版社，1991
[2] F.Jurado, J.A.Rodriguez. Optimal location of SVC based on system loadability and contingency analysis. 7th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 18-21 Oct. 1999, Vol. 2:1193～1199
[3] M.Y.Vaiman, I.M.Vaiman. Preventive actions for power system stability preservation. WESCON/96, 22-24 Oct. 1996:153～158
[4] R.S.Kemerer, L.E.Berkebile. Directly connected static VAR compensation in distribution system applications. The 42nd Annual Conference on Rural Electric Power Conference, 26-28 April 1998:b5-1～8
[5] 朱罡．电力系统静止无功补偿技术的现状及发展．电力电容器，2001，22(4)：31～34
[6] V.Ambarani. Static VAR compensation system for industries. Power Quality '98,1998:177～194
[7] Y.H.Song, A.T.Johns, R.K.Aggarwal. Nonlinear thyristor-controlled static VAR compensation. Fifth European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, 13-16 Sep 1993, vol.8:56～60
[8] G. Blajszczak. Fully controlled reactor for static VAR compensation. Fifth European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, 13-16 Sep 1993, vol.8:13～17
[9] Y.H.Song, R.K.Aggarwal, A.T.Johns. Nonlinear thyristor-controlled SVC control for power system stability enhancement. IEEE Region 10 Conference on Computer, Communication, Control and Power Engineering, 19-21 Oct. 1993, vol.5:19～22
[10] A．C．MATHEB．超高压输电线路用的静止无功补偿器．湖北：湖北电力技术，1982
[11] W．Herbst．高压系统的可控静止无功补偿．湖北：湖北电力技术，1982
[12] 田广青．江门变电站静止补偿器简介．北京：水利电力出版社，1990
[13] 米勒．电力系统无功功率控制．北京：水利电力出版社，1990
[14] 王庆林．无功功率快速自动补偿装置设计探讨．电力电容器，1993，14(2)：16～19
[15] 梁志勇．静止无功补偿设备运行综述．电力电容器，1997，18(2)：41～45
[16] 刘淑敏，李奎文，刘辉等．无功补偿装置的选择．电气传动，2002，(4)：61～64
[17] 孙茂船，周建春，李伟等．新型动态无功补偿装置研究及应用．港口装卸，2001，23(3)：19～21
[18] 程佩青．数字信号处理．北京：清华大学出版社，1995
[19] 楼顺天，李博菡．基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计—信号处理．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1998
[20] 潘文，钱俞寿，周鹗．基于加窗插值FFT的电力谐波测量理论——(1)窗函数研究．电工技术学报，1994，9(1)：50～54
[21] 杜广宇，陈小桥，万中田．锁相倍频和准同步采样法在谐波测量中的应用．武汉大学学报(工学版)，20013，4(5)：39～44
[22] 王兆安，杨君，刘进军．谐波抑制和无功功率补偿．北京：机械工业出版社，1998
[23] 张爱枫，赵宏伟，冯裕钊．无功补偿中的谐波问题分析．电力系统及其自动化学报，2002，14(5)：53～55
[24] L.M.Popovic. Resonance in inhomogeneous transmission lines using traveling waves. Transmission and Distribution Conference, 1999 IEEE, 11-16 April 1999, vol.2:778～783
[25] 徐龙斌，武云生．华山索道整流负荷严重谐波的测试分析．西北电力技术，1997(5)
[26] 高宇英，刘乾业．智能型低压无功补偿装置若干问题的探讨．电力电容器，2002，
23(2): 43-47
[27] Ronan Marcelo Martins. Expert System for the Analysis of Power Quality. the International conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies 2000. City University, London, 4-7 April 2000
[28] 刘黎明，刘涤尘，史进，等．智能式动态无功补偿装置的研究．电力自动化设备，2002，22(8)：28～31
[29] 张忠宇，王立宁．基于DSP技术的交流电路全电量测量系统的研究．计算机应用，2002，17(1)：44～46
[30] 刘和平，严利平，张学锋，等．TMS320LF240XDSP结构、原理及应用．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2002
[31] DATA information of TMS320LF2407. Texas Instruments Incorperated
[32] DATA sheet of TPS7333Q. Texas Instruments Incorperated
[33] 陈文洁，杨拴科，杨旭，等．采用电力电子集成技术的软开关PFC电路的研究．电力电子技术，2003，37(2)：53～55
[34] 刘和平，王维俊，江渝等．TMS320LF240xDSP C语言开发应用．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2003
[35] 何立民．I~2C总线应用系统设计．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1995
[36] 洪伟．DSP高速布线设计技术．现代雷达，2003，25(5)：47～50
[37] 何立民．单片机高级教程—应用与设计．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2000
[2] F.Jurado, J.A.Rodriguez. Optimal location of SVC based on system loadability and contingency analysis. 7th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 18-21 Oct. 1999, Vol. 2:1193～1199
[3] M.Y.Vaiman, I.M.Vaiman. Preventive actions for power system stability preservation. WESCON/96, 22-24 Oct. 1996:153～158
[4] R.S.Kemerer, L.E.Berkebile. Directly connected static VAR compensation in distribution system applications. The 42nd Annual Conference on Rural Electric Power Conference, 26-28 April 1998:b5-1～8
[5] 朱罡．电力系统静止无功补偿技术的现状及发展．电力电容器，2001，22(4)：31～34
[6] V.Ambarani. Static VAR compensation system for industries. Power Quality '98,1998:177～194
[7] Y.H.Song, A.T.Johns, R.K.Aggarwal. Nonlinear thyristor-controlled static VAR compensation. Fifth European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, 13-16 Sep 1993, vol.8:56～60
[8] G. Blajszczak. Fully controlled reactor for static VAR compensation. Fifth European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, 13-16 Sep 1993, vol.8:13～17
[9] Y.H.Song, R.K.Aggarwal, A.T.Johns. Nonlinear thyristor-controlled SVC control for power system stability enhancement. IEEE Region 10 Conference on Computer, Communication, Control and Power Engineering, 19-21 Oct. 1993, vol.5:19～22
[10] A．C．MATHEB．超高压输电线路用的静止无功补偿器．湖北：湖北电力技术，1982
[11] W．Herbst．高压系统的可控静止无功补偿．湖北：湖北电力技术，1982
[12] 田广青．江门变电站静止补偿器简介．北京：水利电力出版社，1990
[13] 米勒．电力系统无功功率控制．北京：水利电力出版社，1990
[14] 王庆林．无功功率快速自动补偿装置设计探讨．电力电容器，1993，14(2)：16～19
[15] 梁志勇．静止无功补偿设备运行综述．电力电容器，1997，18(2)：41～45
[16] 刘淑敏，李奎文，刘辉等．无功补偿装置的选择．电气传动，2002，(4)：61～64
[17] 孙茂船，周建春，李伟等．新型动态无功补偿装置研究及应用．港口装卸，2001，23(3)：19～21
[18] 程佩青．数字信号处理．北京：清华大学出版社，1995
[19] 楼顺天，李博菡．基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计—信号处理．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1998
[20] 潘文，钱俞寿，周鹗．基于加窗插值FFT的电力谐波测量理论——(1)窗函数研究．电工技术学报，1994，9(1)：50～54
[21] 杜广宇，陈小桥，万中田．锁相倍频和准同步采样法在谐波测量中的应用．武汉大学学报(工学版)，20013，4(5)：39～44
[22] 王兆安，杨君，刘进军．谐波抑制和无功功率补偿．北京：机械工业出版社，1998
[23] 张爱枫，赵宏伟，冯裕钊．无功补偿中的谐波问题分析．电力系统及其自动化学报，2002，14(5)：53～55
[24] L.M.Popovic. Resonance in inhomogeneous transmission lines using traveling waves. Transmission and Distribution Conference, 1999 IEEE, 11-16 April 1999, vol.2:778～783
[25] 徐龙斌，武云生．华山索道整流负荷严重谐波的测试分析．西北电力技术，1997(5)
[26] 高宇英，刘乾业．智能型低压无功补偿装置若干问题的探讨．电力电容器，2002，
23(2): 43-47
[27] Ronan Marcelo Martins. Expert System for the Analysis of Power Quality. the International conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies 2000. City University, London, 4-7 April 2000
[28] 刘黎明，刘涤尘，史进，等．智能式动态无功补偿装置的研究．电力自动化设备，2002，22(8)：28～31
[29] 张忠宇，王立宁．基于DSP技术的交流电路全电量测量系统的研究．计算机应用，2002，17(1)：44～46
[30] 刘和平，严利平，张学锋，等．TMS320LF240XDSP结构、原理及应用．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2002
[31] DATA information of TMS320LF2407. Texas Instruments Incorperated
[32] DATA sheet of TPS7333Q. Texas Instruments Incorperated
[33] 陈文洁，杨拴科，杨旭，等．采用电力电子集成技术的软开关PFC电路的研究．电力电子技术，2003，37(2)：53～55
[34] 刘和平，王维俊，江渝等．TMS320LF240xDSP C语言开发应用．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2003
[35] 何立民．I~2C总线应用系统设计．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1995
[36] 洪伟．DSP高速布线设计技术．现代雷达，2003，25(5)：47～50
[37] 何立民．单片机高级教程—应用与设计．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2000