大型发电机定子局部放电在线监测技术的研究
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摘要
大型发电机定子局部放电的在线监测是诊断发电机定子绝缘故障的有效方法。本文用发电机定子模型线棒研究了发电机中的三种类型的放电：内部放电、端部放电和槽间放电脉冲的时域特性和频域特性，讨论了在高压端检测时发电机定子局部放电在线监测装置的检测频带。然后本文利用自行设计的局部放电高频在线监测系统和一种局部放电低频在线监测系统（PDD-4）研究了发电机中单一类型和复合类型的局部放电的统计特征，研究表明发电机上的这三种局部放电具有明显不同的统计特征，且各种局部放电在高频和低频两种不同的在线监测系统下的检测结果都具有相似性。最后本文用局部放电的分布谱图及其统计特征参数和BP神经网络进行了发电机定子局部放电的模式识别。研究表明，发电机定子的几种不同类型的局部放电具有一些不同的特征，通过局部放电的分布谱图及其统计特征参数和神经网络可以比较好地识别发电机定子局部放电的类型。
The on-line monitoring of partial discharge on large generator stator windings is an effective way to diagnose the insulation condition of stator windings. In this paper the time features and the frequency features of three different types of partial discharge (PD) occurred on generators, such as delamiantion PD, end winding PD and slot PD, were analyzed based on the laboratory test of generator stator winding model bars. The frequency band of the detector for on-line monitoring partial discharges on generators was discussed. A high frequency setup (HF) and a new low frequency (LF) partial discharge detector named PDD-4 were used to investigate the features of single pattern partial discharges and composite pattern partial discharges on large generators. The test results showed that the three different types of partial discharge on generator stator windings had different statistical features and the features under the two different detectors were similar. The spectrums and their statistical parameters of different types of partial discharge were used to study on the pattern recognition of partial discharges on generators by a BP neural network. The research shows that the three different types of partial discharge on generators have very different features and we can recognize their patterns using the spectrums and their statistical parameters by neural network quite well.
The on-line monitoring of partial discharge on large generator stator windings is an effective way to diagnose the insulation condition of stator windings. In this paper the time features and the frequency features of three different types of partial discharge (PD) occurred on generators, such as delamiantion PD, end winding PD and slot PD, were analyzed based on the laboratory test of generator stator winding model bars. The frequency band of the detector for on-line monitoring partial discharges on generators was discussed. A high frequency setup (HF) and a new low frequency (LF) partial discharge detector named PDD-4 were used to investigate the features of single pattern partial discharges and composite pattern partial discharges on large generators. The test results showed that the three different types of partial discharge on generator stator windings had different statistical features and the features under the two different detectors were similar. The spectrums and their statistical parameters of different types of partial discharge were used to study on the pattern recognition of partial discharges on generators by a BP neural network. The research shows that the three different types of partial discharge on generators have very different features and we can recognize their patterns using the spectrums and their statistical parameters by neural network quite well.
引文
1. G.C.Stone，“Partial Discharge-Part VII: Partial Techniques for Measuring PD in Operating Equipment”. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 1991,7(4): pp. 9~16。
2. 苏鹏声，汪小明，曹海翔，姜建国，“大型发电机定子绕组局部放电在线监测系统的研究”，电工电能新技术，2000年第2期，pp.49~52。
3. Thucker，H G.kranz. “Requirements of Automated PD Diagnosis system for Fault Identification in Noisy Conditions”. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1995, 2 (4): pp. 544~556。
4. 杨莉，全玉生，周跃锋，严 璋，“大型发电机定子绕组故障放电的特性和识别”，电工电能新技术，1999年第2期，pp.23~27。
5. 刘立生，邱阿瑞，“高压电机局部放电在线监测方法”，电工电能新技术，1999年第3期，pp.23~27。
6. 刘少克，陈乔夫，林全铭，“大型电机定子绕组绝缘局部放电测量的噪声干扰及其抑制方法”，高电压技术，1993年第3期，pp.76~79。
7. 王昌长，李福祺，“电力设备的在线监测与故障诊断”，清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系，1996年5月。
8. 黄成军，郁维庸，“局部放电在线监测技术及其在电机中的应用”,大电机技术，2000年第3期,pp.24-31。
9. Q.Su. “A New Partial Discharge Detector for On-line Insulation Condition Monitoring of Generators”,10th International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering", Monteral, Quebeg, Canada, August 25-29, pp291-294
10. 姜磊，李福祺，谈克雄，朱德恒，王振远，“发电机放电监测系统”，电工电能新技术，1998年第4期，pp.56~59。
11. 吴广宁,吴欣延,谢恒,孙德琳，“大型发电机局部放电在线监测仪的研究”，仪器仪表学报， Vol.19,No 1,1998.2。
12. 李 琼,姜建国,谈克雄,郑逢时等，“大电机局部放电在线监测技术及基础研究”，高电压技术，Vol.20，No 3，1994，pp.28~32。
13. Willfrid Hutter，“Partial discharge part XII: partial discharge detection in rotating electrical machines”，IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine，1992，Vol. 8，No.3，pp.21~32。
14. A.Contin G.Rabach，“PD analysis of rotating ac machines”, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation , Vol.28, No.6, Dec 1993，pp.1033-1042。
15. B Fruth, L. Nniemeyer, M. Haessing, J. Fuhr, Th.Duhz, “Phase resolved discharge measurement and computer aided analysis performed on different HV apparatus”, 6th Int. Symposium. On High Voltage Engineering,，New Orleans，USA,1989，paper No.15.03。
16. J. Fuhr, M. Haessing, B Fruth, T.Kaiser, “PD-fingerprints of some high voltage apparatus”, Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation，Toronto，Canada ，June3-6，1990，pp.129~132。
17. J.L.Tripier, P.Maurin, D.Lefevre, “New Trends in interpretation of partial discharge measurements”, Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation，Toronto，Canada ，June3-6，1990，pp.111~114。
18. M.Hikita , K.Yamada, T.Mizutani, A.Oohasi, M.Leda, “Measurements of partial discharge distribution by the monto-carlo method”， IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol.25, No.3,June 1990,pp.453~467。
19. T.Okamoto, T.Tanak, “Novel partial discharge measurement computer-aided measurement systems”， IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol.21, No.6, Dec.1986, pp.1015~1019。
20. N.Hozumi, T.Okamoto, T.Imajo, “Discrimination of partial discharge patterns using neural network”， Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Dielectric materials, July 8-12,1991,Tokyo, Japan, pp.47~50。
21. J.Y.Holboll, M.Henriksen. “Partial discharge patterns related to surface deterioration in voids in epoxy”，Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation，Toronto，Canada，June3-6，1990，pp.115~119。
22. H.N.Geetha, M.B.Srinivas, T.S.Ramu, “Pulse-count distribution as a possible diagnostic tool for assessing the level of degradation of rotating machine insulation”, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation，Vol.25，No.4, Aug,1990, pp.747-756 。
23. 仇贵宾，张新平，刘勇，“基于BP人工神经网络的局部放电模式识别”，天津电力技术，1999年第1期，pp.1~5。
24. B Fruth, L Niemeyer, “The Importance of statistical characteristics of Partial Discharge Data”, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1992,27(1):pp.60~69。
25. L Satish, W S Zaengl, “Can Fractal Features be used for Recognizing 3-d Partial Discharge Patterns?”, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1995,2(3):pp.354~356。
26. 覃剑，陈祥训，郑建超，“连续小波变换在检测强载波干扰中的局放信号的应用”，电网技术，1998年3月，Vol.22(3),pp.41~45
27. Edward Gulski, “Wavelet ananysis of classification of muti-source PD patterns”，IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and electrical Insulation, 2000,Vol.7 (1),pp.40~47。
28. 朱德恒，谈克雄，《电绝缘诊断技术》，1999，中国电力出版社，pp112，pp129，pp.134,pp.115。
29. B.T.phung, T.R.Blackburn, R.E.James, “Recognition of partial discharge using fuzzy logic”, Proceedings of 1998 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials ,in conjunction with 1998 Asian International Conference on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation and the 30th Symposium on Electrical Insulating Material, Toyhashi, Japan, Sept .27-30,1998 .pp.657-660。
30. D.Wenzel, H.Borsi and E.Gockenbach, “Partial Discharge Recognition and Localization in Transformers via Fuzzy Logic”， IEEE Int. Symposium on Electrical Insulation, Pittsburgh, USA, 1994, pp.233-236.
31. B.Kosko, “Neural networks and fuzzy system: A dynamical approach to machine intelligence”， Englewood cliffs, NJ:Pretince Hall,1991
32. K.B.Cho, J.H.Park, Y.J.Lim, H.W.Ryou and T.S.Kim, “Survey and evaluation of neuro-fuzzy-logic theory to partial discharge pattern classification application ”,CIGR 1996: Paper 15/21/33-18。
33. 尹志德，谈克雄，王忠东，姜 磊，“用前馈网络组对定子模型线棒放电模式的识别”，电网技术，Vol.23 No.10,1999,pp.29~32。
34. 谈克雄，姜建国，王振远，孙仁恩，“用人工神经网络对电机绝缘模型放电的识别”，清华大学学报（自然科学版）Vol.36,1996,pp.46~51。
35. 彭湃，“大型发电机定子绝缘局部放电故障的模拟试验与模式识别”，华北电力大学（北京）硕士学位论文，2000年，pp.38~40。
36. 王泽忠,李成榕,彭湃,丁立键，“基于分形方法的电力设备绝缘局部放电识别”，现代电力，Vol. 16,No.4,1999,pp.34~35。
37. G.C.Stone,“Partial Discharge Part XXV: Calibration of PD Measurements for Motor and Generator Windings－Why it Can't be Done”, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion", 1998,Vol.14(1),pp.9~12。
38. Greg.Stone,“importance of bandwidth in PD measurment in operating motors and generators”，IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and electrical Insulation, 2000,Vol.7 (1),pp.6~11。
39. H.Zhu,V Green,M Sasic, “Increased Sensitivity of Capacitive Couplers for In-Service PD Measurement in Rotating Machines”, IEEE Transactions on Energy Coversion", 1999,Vol4.4,pp.6~11。
40. 孙才新，罗兵，赵文麒，“变压器在线监测信号处理的数字滤波技术”。重庆大学学报，1997.5,Vol.20(3)
41. A.Krivda,E.Gulski,L.Satish,W.S.Zaengl, “The use of fractal features for recognition of 3-D discharge patterns”，IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1995,2(5):pp.889~892。
42. M.Hoof,B.Freisleben,R.Patsch, “PD source identification with novel discharge parameters using counterpropagation neural networks”, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1997,4(1):pp.17~32。
43. M.cacciari,A.Cotin,G.C.Montanari, “Use of a mixed-Weibull distribution for the identification of partial discharge”， IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1995,2(6):pp.1166~1179。
44. A.A.Mazroua,R.Bartnikas,M.M.A Salama, “Discrimination between PD pulse shapes using different neural network”, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1994,1(3):pp.1119~1131。
45.全玉生，杨莉，严璋，“大型发电机定子绕组故障放电的在线监测技术”，高电压技术，1999年1月，Vol.24(2)
华北电力大学（北京）硕士学位论文
2. 苏鹏声，汪小明，曹海翔，姜建国，“大型发电机定子绕组局部放电在线监测系统的研究”，电工电能新技术，2000年第2期，pp.49~52。
3. Thucker，H G.kranz. “Requirements of Automated PD Diagnosis system for Fault Identification in Noisy Conditions”. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1995, 2 (4): pp. 544~556。
4. 杨莉，全玉生，周跃锋，严 璋，“大型发电机定子绕组故障放电的特性和识别”，电工电能新技术，1999年第2期，pp.23~27。
5. 刘立生，邱阿瑞，“高压电机局部放电在线监测方法”，电工电能新技术，1999年第3期，pp.23~27。
6. 刘少克，陈乔夫，林全铭，“大型电机定子绕组绝缘局部放电测量的噪声干扰及其抑制方法”，高电压技术，1993年第3期，pp.76~79。
7. 王昌长，李福祺，“电力设备的在线监测与故障诊断”，清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系，1996年5月。
8. 黄成军，郁维庸，“局部放电在线监测技术及其在电机中的应用”,大电机技术，2000年第3期,pp.24-31。
9. Q.Su. “A New Partial Discharge Detector for On-line Insulation Condition Monitoring of Generators”,10th International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering", Monteral, Quebeg, Canada, August 25-29, pp291-294
10. 姜磊，李福祺，谈克雄，朱德恒，王振远，“发电机放电监测系统”，电工电能新技术，1998年第4期，pp.56~59。
11. 吴广宁,吴欣延,谢恒,孙德琳，“大型发电机局部放电在线监测仪的研究”，仪器仪表学报， Vol.19,No 1,1998.2。
12. 李 琼,姜建国,谈克雄,郑逢时等，“大电机局部放电在线监测技术及基础研究”，高电压技术，Vol.20，No 3，1994，pp.28~32。
13. Willfrid Hutter，“Partial discharge part XII: partial discharge detection in rotating electrical machines”，IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine，1992，Vol. 8，No.3，
14. A.Contin G.Rabach，“PD analysis of rotating ac machines”, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation , Vol.28, No.6, Dec 1993，pp.1033-1042。
15. B Fruth, L. Nniemeyer, M. Haessing, J. Fuhr, Th.Duhz, “Phase resolved discharge measurement and computer aided analysis performed on different HV apparatus”, 6th Int. Symposium. On High Voltage Engineering,，New Orleans，USA,1989，paper No.15.03。
16. J. Fuhr, M. Haessing, B Fruth, T.Kaiser, “PD-fingerprints of some high voltage apparatus”, Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation，Toronto，Canada ，June3-6，1990，pp.129~132。
17. J.L.Tripier, P.Maurin, D.Lefevre, “New Trends in interpretation of partial discharge measurements”, Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation，Toronto，Canada ，June3-6，1990，pp.111~114。
18. M.Hikita , K.Yamada, T.Mizutani, A.Oohasi, M.Leda, “Measurements of partial discharge distribution by the monto-carlo method”， IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol.25, No.3,June 1990,pp.453~467。
19. T.Okamoto, T.Tanak, “Novel partial discharge measurement computer-aided measurement systems”， IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol.21, No.6, Dec.1986, pp.1015~1019。
20. N.Hozumi, T.Okamoto, T.Imajo, “Discrimination of partial discharge patterns using neural network”， Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Dielectric materials, July 8-12,1991,Tokyo, Japan, pp.47~50。
21. J.Y.Holboll, M.Henriksen. “Partial discharge patterns related to surface deterioration in voids in epoxy”，Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation，Toronto，Canada，June3-6，1990，pp.115~119。
22. H.N.Geetha, M.B.Srinivas, T.S.Ramu, “Pulse-count distribution as a possible diagnostic tool for assessing the level of degradation of rotating machine insulation”, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation，Vol.25，
23. 仇贵宾，张新平，刘勇，“基于BP人工神经网络的局部放电模式识别”，天津电力技术，1999年第1期，pp.1~5。
24. B Fruth, L Niemeyer, “The Importance of statistical characteristics of Partial Discharge Data”, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1992,27(1):pp.60~69。
25. L Satish, W S Zaengl, “Can Fractal Features be used for Recognizing 3-d Partial Discharge Patterns?”, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1995,2(3):pp.354~356。
26. 覃剑，陈祥训，郑建超，“连续小波变换在检测强载波干扰中的局放信号的应用”，电网技术，1998年3月，Vol.22(3),pp.41~45
27. Edward Gulski, “Wavelet ananysis of classification of muti-source PD patterns”，IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and electrical Insulation, 2000,Vol.7 (1),pp.40~47。
28. 朱德恒，谈克雄，《电绝缘诊断技术》，1999，中国电力出版社，pp112，pp129，pp.134,pp.115。
29. B.T.phung, T.R.Blackburn, R.E.James, “Recognition of partial discharge using fuzzy logic”, Proceedings of 1998 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials ,in conjunction with 1998 Asian International Conference on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation and the 30th Symposium on Electrical Insulating Material, Toyhashi, Japan, Sept .27-30,1998 .pp.657-660。
30. D.Wenzel, H.Borsi and E.Gockenbach, “Partial Discharge Recognition and Localization in Transformers via Fuzzy Logic”， IEEE Int. Symposium on Electrical Insulation, Pittsburgh, USA, 1994, pp.233-236.
31. B.Kosko, “Neural networks and fuzzy system: A dynamical approach to machine intelligence”， Englewood cliffs, NJ:Pretince Hall,1991
32. K.B.Cho, J.H.Park, Y.J.Lim, H.W.Ryou and T.S.Kim, “Survey and evaluation of neuro-fuzzy-logic theory to partial discharge pattern classification application ”,CIGR 1996: Paper 15/21/33-18。
33. 尹志德，谈克雄，王忠东，姜 磊，“用前馈网络组对定子模型线棒放电模式
34. 谈克雄，姜建国，王振远，孙仁恩，“用人工神经网络对电机绝缘模型放电的识别”，清华大学学报（自然科学版）Vol.36,1996,pp.46~51。
35. 彭湃，“大型发电机定子绝缘局部放电故障的模拟试验与模式识别”，华北电力大学（北京）硕士学位论文，2000年，pp.38~40。
36. 王泽忠,李成榕,彭湃,丁立键，“基于分形方法的电力设备绝缘局部放电识别”，现代电力，Vol. 16,No.4,1999,pp.34~35。
37. G.C.Stone,“Partial Discharge Part XXV: Calibration of PD Measurements for Motor and Generator Windings－Why it Can't be Done”, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion", 1998,Vol.14(1),pp.9~12。
38. Greg.Stone,“importance of bandwidth in PD measurment in operating motors and generators”，IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and electrical Insulation, 2000,Vol.7 (1),pp.6~11。
39. H.Zhu,V Green,M Sasic, “Increased Sensitivity of Capacitive Couplers for In-Service PD Measurement in Rotating Machines”, IEEE Transactions on Energy Coversion", 1999,Vol4.4,pp.6~11。
40. 孙才新，罗兵，赵文麒，“变压器在线监测信号处理的数字滤波技术”。重庆大学学报，1997.5,Vol.20(3)
41. A.Krivda,E.Gulski,L.Satish,W.S.Zaengl, “The use of fractal features for recognition of 3-D discharge patterns”，IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1995,2(5):pp.889~892。
42. M.Hoof,B.Freisleben,R.Patsch, “PD source identification with novel discharge parameters using counterpropagation neural networks”, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1997,4(1):pp.17~32。
43. M.cacciari,A.Cotin,G.C.Montanari, “Use of a mixed-Weibull distribution for the identification of partial discharge”， IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1995,2(6):pp.1166~1179。
44. A.A.Mazroua,R.Bartnikas,M.M.A Salama, “Discrimination between PD pulse shapes using different neural network”, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1994,1(3):pp.1119~1131。
45.
华北电力大学（北京）硕士学位论文