强电流脉冲控制的现代永磁起重吸盘的研究与设计
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摘要
永磁起重技术，是永磁材料应用的新领域之一，在目前，还远远没有达到广泛使用的程度，但是具有十分广阔的市场前景，本文针对永磁起重技术中的材料选用问题及卸重问题进行了详细的论述。
介绍了永磁起重吸盘的工作原理及相对于传统电磁铁的节能、省材、廉价、安全等特点，讨论了应用电容储能经RLC串联二阶电路放电产生的强电流脉冲对永磁体进行充、退磁的方法及涡流问题。对永磁起重吸盘中各部件的材料选用问题进行了分析，在实现设定起重量要求的基础上，设计了合理的磁路，对吸盘各部分的尺寸进行了计算分析。此外，对聚磁问题也进行了一定的探讨，以获得尽可能大的磁通。
应用Matlab软件对RLC串联放电二阶电路零输入响应进行了深入分析，给出了脉冲放电电流峰值i_m及对应的时间t_m与R、L、C等参数的函数关系，用计算和绘图方法证明了在R大于和小于两种情况下，可用统一的公式描述和计算i=f(t)、u_C=f(t)、u_L=f(t)、i_m=f(R、L、C)及t_m=f(R、L、C)，介绍了用能量守恒求该电路i_m值的方法。
给出了完整的强电流脉冲发生及控制电路，对控制电路中所运用的重点器件作了简单的介绍，实践证明，该电路能够很好地实现充磁退磁的功能。
对放电回路产生的脉冲电流峰值以及其波形的检测进行了原理上的分析，对永磁吸盘里永磁体中产生的脉冲磁场峰值的检测以及永磁吸盘所产生的永磁吸力的检测也作了相应的介绍。
Hoisting technology by using permanent magnetism pad is one of the new applying fields. By far, although its application degree is far from popularization, it has a wide market outlook. Aiming at the material's selecting problem and the disburdening problem, the article has done detailed depiction.
Working principle of this technology is introduced. Compared with traditional electromagnet, this device has many merits. The article discusses methods of magnetization and demagnetization by the pulse of strong current. Then the problems about whirlpool and material's selecting are discussed. An appropriate circuit of magnetism field has been designed to realize the weight desired. The size of every component has also been given out through analyzing and calculating. In addition, how to assemble the flux is discussed.
By using Matlab software ,a thorough analysis has been done on response to zero input for the second order series circuit of RLC discharge. The functional relation among im, tm and the other parameters, such as R,L,C, has also been presented. Based on the calculation and plotting the article proves that i=f(t), uc=f(t), uL=J(t), im=f(R,L,C) and tm=f(R,L,C) can be described and calculated by using an uniform formula. Finally the article introduces a method to seek for im.
The circuit which can generate and control strong impulse is presented, those important parts used are also introduced in brief. Experimentations prove that this controlled circuit can achieve scheduled function very well.
Pointing to the measurement of pulse current's peak value and frequency generated in the discharge circuit the article gives an analysis on its principle , correspondingly, the article introduces how to measure the peak value of pulse magnetic field and magnetic suction of the permanent magnet.
介绍了永磁起重吸盘的工作原理及相对于传统电磁铁的节能、省材、廉价、安全等特点，讨论了应用电容储能经RLC串联二阶电路放电产生的强电流脉冲对永磁体进行充、退磁的方法及涡流问题。对永磁起重吸盘中各部件的材料选用问题进行了分析，在实现设定起重量要求的基础上，设计了合理的磁路，对吸盘各部分的尺寸进行了计算分析。此外，对聚磁问题也进行了一定的探讨，以获得尽可能大的磁通。
应用Matlab软件对RLC串联放电二阶电路零输入响应进行了深入分析，给出了脉冲放电电流峰值i_m及对应的时间t_m与R、L、C等参数的函数关系，用计算和绘图方法证明了在R大于和小于两种情况下，可用统一的公式描述和计算i=f(t)、u_C=f(t)、u_L=f(t)、i_m=f(R、L、C)及t_m=f(R、L、C)，介绍了用能量守恒求该电路i_m值的方法。
给出了完整的强电流脉冲发生及控制电路，对控制电路中所运用的重点器件作了简单的介绍，实践证明，该电路能够很好地实现充磁退磁的功能。
对放电回路产生的脉冲电流峰值以及其波形的检测进行了原理上的分析，对永磁吸盘里永磁体中产生的脉冲磁场峰值的检测以及永磁吸盘所产生的永磁吸力的检测也作了相应的介绍。
Hoisting technology by using permanent magnetism pad is one of the new applying fields. By far, although its application degree is far from popularization, it has a wide market outlook. Aiming at the material's selecting problem and the disburdening problem, the article has done detailed depiction.
Working principle of this technology is introduced. Compared with traditional electromagnet, this device has many merits. The article discusses methods of magnetization and demagnetization by the pulse of strong current. Then the problems about whirlpool and material's selecting are discussed. An appropriate circuit of magnetism field has been designed to realize the weight desired. The size of every component has also been given out through analyzing and calculating. In addition, how to assemble the flux is discussed.
By using Matlab software ,a thorough analysis has been done on response to zero input for the second order series circuit of RLC discharge. The functional relation among im, tm and the other parameters, such as R,L,C, has also been presented. Based on the calculation and plotting the article proves that i=f(t), uc=f(t), uL=J(t), im=f(R,L,C) and tm=f(R,L,C) can be described and calculated by using an uniform formula. Finally the article introduces a method to seek for im.
The circuit which can generate and control strong impulse is presented, those important parts used are also introduced in brief. Experimentations prove that this controlled circuit can achieve scheduled function very well.
Pointing to the measurement of pulse current's peak value and frequency generated in the discharge circuit the article gives an analysis on its principle , correspondingly, the article introduces how to measure the peak value of pulse magnetic field and magnetic suction of the permanent magnet.
引文
[1] 王会宗．磁性材料及其应用．国防工业出版社，1989-07
[2] 任吉林，林俊明，高春法．电磁检测．机械工业出版社，2000-08
[3] 林辉，王辉．电力电子技术．武汉理工大学出版社，2002-03
[4] 陈士衡，唐统一．近代电磁测量．中国计量出版社，1992-08
[5] 王以真．实用磁路设计．天津科学技术出版社，1992-11
[6] 车灿，柏俊，洪平等．汽车、摩托车仪表智能化充测磁一体机结构设计思想．电子机械工程，1999年第6期
[7] 王雷．轮对探伤机充退磁原理．哈尔滨铁道科技，1998年第2期
[8] 黄兴泉，王越，李成榕等．宽频带脉冲电流传感器．实用测试技术，1997年5月第3期
[9] 汪金山．直流激励下的RLC串联电路暂态过程的讨论．黄冈师专学报，1997年11月第4期
[10] 宋后定．永磁材料及其应用．机械工业出版社，1984-07
[11] 栾桂冬，金欢阳．传感器及其应用．西安电子科技大学出版社，2002-01
[12] 赵凯华，陈熙谋．电磁学．高等教育出版社，1988-03
[13] 夏平畴．永磁机构．北京工业大学出版社，2000-12
[14] 陈小华．现代敏感元器件实用技术手册．人民邮电出版社，1998-10
[15] 梁贵书．电路基础．中国电力出版社，1999-08
[16] 刘志兵．数字集成电路自动消磁器设计．制造技术与机床，1996年第4期．
[17] 沈永滨，朴永范．微机控制的脉冲充、退、测磁装置．电测与仪表，1996-10
[18] 滕召胜．电磁力平衡传感器的永磁体性能影响与改善方法．仪表技术与传感器，2000年第10期
[19] 崔建丽，高义红，唐任远．汽车永磁起动机电机磁极结构分析．微特电机，2000年第2期
[20] 郝万新．电力电子技术．化学工业出版社，2001-01
[21] 韩利竹，王华．MATLAB电子仿真与应用．国防工业出版社，2001．01
[22] 赵可斌，陈国雄．电力电子变流技术．上海交通大学出版社，1993-05
[23] 葛伟亮，汪渤．电磁控制元件．北京理工大学出版社，1994-03
[24] 张榴晨，徐松．有限元法在电磁计算中的应用．中国铁道出版社，1996
[25] 唐任远．现代永磁电机理论与设计．机械工业出版社，1997-12
[26] 冯克强，冯劲愚．自动充磁退磁装置．金属功能材料，1996年第6期
[27] 王红军，王新民．利用电磁无心夹具对工件退磁的电路设计．轴承，1997-12
[28] 齐凤春．永磁起重技术的发展概况，磁性材料及器件，1999-08
[29] 杨佐，姜守德，王宏光，李国庆．轴承套圈料道式随机退磁系统的改进．轴承，2000-07
[30] 佟为明，赵志衡，刘茂恺．永磁磁路的图解法．电气电子教学学报，1998年第4期
[31] 乔晓华，孙玉霞．MATLAB在大规模集成电路分析方法中的应用．电气电子教学学报，2001年第1期
[32] 李伟，谢祖荣，张永丽等．RLC脉冲放电电路的计算机辅助分析．北京石油化工学院院报，ISSN 1008-2565 CN11-3981/TE．2003年第11卷第1期
[33] 谢祖荣，李伟，黄之初．强电流脉冲控制的永磁起重吸盘研究与设计．武汉理工大学学报，ISSN 1000-2405 CN42-1165/T．2002年第24卷第7期
[34] Yoshida, Y. Takeiri, Y. The use of magnetic fields in a partial-coaxial microwave cavity holey-plate ion source, Review of scientific instruments.2000,71(1).-66-69
[35] Edwards, J. D. Jayawant, B. V., Permanent-magnet linear eddy-current brake with a non-magnetic reaction plate,IEE Proceedings Electric Power Applications.-1999,146(6).-62
[36] Mukhopadhyay, S. C. Ohjj, T. Design Analysis and Control of a New Repulsive-Type Magnetic Bearing, Iee Proceedings Electric Power Applications.- 1999,146(1).-33-40
[37] Takahashi, Norio Kayano, Takeshi Miyata, Koji O,Effect of minor loop on magnetic characteristics of permanent magnet type of MRI,IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.-1999, 35(3).-1893-1896
[38] Faria, R. N. Davies, B.E., Icrostruetural and Magnetic Studies of Cast and Annealed Nd and PrFeCoBZr Alloys and HDDR Materials, Journal of alloys and compounds.-2000, 296(1-2).-223-228
[39] Al-Omari, I. A. Zhou, J. Magnetic and structural properties of SmCo//6． 75-xFe//xZr//0． 25, Compounds Journal of alloys and compounds.-2000,298( 1-2) .-295-298
[40] Faria, R. N. Davies, B. E. Microstructural and magnetic studies of cast and annealed Nd and PrFeCoBZr alloys and HDDR materials, Journal of alloys and compounds.-2000, 296(1-2) .-223-228
[41] Faria, R. N. Brown, D. N. The influence of alloying additions and process parameters on the magnetic properties of PrFeB-based bonded magnets Journal of alloys and compo unds.-2000,296(1-2) .-219-222
[42] Gauss, S. Albering, J.H. Bock, J. Kesten, M. F , Cryotank with superconducting, magnetic suspension of the interior tank , IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.-1999,9(2) .-1004-1007
[43] Watson, J.H. Younas, I., Superconducting discs as permanent magnets for magneticseparation, Materials Science & Engineering B Solid-State Materials for Advance Technology.-1998353(l-2) .-220-24
[44] Kim, Ungtae Lieu, Dennis K., Magnetic field calculation in permanent magnet motors with rotor eccentricity: With slotting effect considered , IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.-1998,34(4 pt).-2253-2266
[45] Mitsumata, Chiharu Kikuchi, Keiko Kobayashi, Tos, Magnetic domain instability in MR heads due to overlaid structure of permanent magnet film , IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.-1998,34(4 pt).-1453-1455
[46] Masaru Ishii Wenwei Liao, Numerical electromagnetic analyssi of impulse votlage measuring systems, IEEE transactions on power delivery.-1999,14(4) .-1228-1233
[47] Poti, L. Bononi, A.,. Impulse Response Measurement of Balanced Chains of EDFA's in a Recirculating Loop , IEEE photonics technology letters.-1999,11(11) .-1384-1386
[48] Schulz, P. A. Hall, K. L, Impulse Response Measurements with 50-GHz Bandwidth, IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters.-1999,9(3) .-120-120
[49] Lin, K. Trends of Digital Signal Processing in Automotive .International Congress on Transportation Electronic (CONVERGENCE 8) ,Ocotober 1988
[SO] J.Bojkovski,T.Repair. A Measurement Communication System.IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference ,1996
[51] Kersey,A.D..A . Dandridge . Application of Fiber-optic Sensors. IEEE Trans. Components .Hybrids Manu. Technology. 1990
[52] Barney. GC. Instruction to Instrumentation and Measurements . John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1996
[53] Diego Bellan , Arnaldo Brandolini. Quantization Effects in Sampling Processes .IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference ,1996
[2] 任吉林，林俊明，高春法．电磁检测．机械工业出版社，2000-08
[3] 林辉，王辉．电力电子技术．武汉理工大学出版社，2002-03
[4] 陈士衡，唐统一．近代电磁测量．中国计量出版社，1992-08
[5] 王以真．实用磁路设计．天津科学技术出版社，1992-11
[6] 车灿，柏俊，洪平等．汽车、摩托车仪表智能化充测磁一体机结构设计思想．电子机械工程，1999年第6期
[7] 王雷．轮对探伤机充退磁原理．哈尔滨铁道科技，1998年第2期
[8] 黄兴泉，王越，李成榕等．宽频带脉冲电流传感器．实用测试技术，1997年5月第3期
[9] 汪金山．直流激励下的RLC串联电路暂态过程的讨论．黄冈师专学报，1997年11月第4期
[10] 宋后定．永磁材料及其应用．机械工业出版社，1984-07
[11] 栾桂冬，金欢阳．传感器及其应用．西安电子科技大学出版社，2002-01
[12] 赵凯华，陈熙谋．电磁学．高等教育出版社，1988-03
[13] 夏平畴．永磁机构．北京工业大学出版社，2000-12
[14] 陈小华．现代敏感元器件实用技术手册．人民邮电出版社，1998-10
[15] 梁贵书．电路基础．中国电力出版社，1999-08
[16] 刘志兵．数字集成电路自动消磁器设计．制造技术与机床，1996年第4期．
[17] 沈永滨，朴永范．微机控制的脉冲充、退、测磁装置．电测与仪表，1996-10
[18] 滕召胜．电磁力平衡传感器的永磁体性能影响与改善方法．仪表技术与传感器，2000年第10期
[19] 崔建丽，高义红，唐任远．汽车永磁起动机电机磁极结构分析．微特电机，2000年第2期
[20] 郝万新．电力电子技术．化学工业出版社，2001-01
[21] 韩利竹，王华．MATLAB电子仿真与应用．国防工业出版社，2001．01
[22] 赵可斌，陈国雄．电力电子变流技术．上海交通大学出版社，1993-05
[23] 葛伟亮，汪渤．电磁控制元件．北京理工大学出版社，1994-03
[24] 张榴晨，徐松．有限元法在电磁计算中的应用．中国铁道出版社，1996
[25] 唐任远．现代永磁电机理论与设计．机械工业出版社，1997-12
[26] 冯克强，冯劲愚．自动充磁退磁装置．金属功能材料，1996年第6期
[27] 王红军，王新民．利用电磁无心夹具对工件退磁的电路设计．轴承，1997-12
[28] 齐凤春．永磁起重技术的发展概况，磁性材料及器件，1999-08
[29] 杨佐，姜守德，王宏光，李国庆．轴承套圈料道式随机退磁系统的改进．轴承，2000-07
[30] 佟为明，赵志衡，刘茂恺．永磁磁路的图解法．电气电子教学学报，1998年第4期
[31] 乔晓华，孙玉霞．MATLAB在大规模集成电路分析方法中的应用．电气电子教学学报，2001年第1期
[32] 李伟，谢祖荣，张永丽等．RLC脉冲放电电路的计算机辅助分析．北京石油化工学院院报，ISSN 1008-2565 CN11-3981/TE．2003年第11卷第1期
[33] 谢祖荣，李伟，黄之初．强电流脉冲控制的永磁起重吸盘研究与设计．武汉理工大学学报，ISSN 1000-2405 CN42-1165/T．2002年第24卷第7期
[34] Yoshida, Y. Takeiri, Y. The use of magnetic fields in a partial-coaxial microwave cavity holey-plate ion source, Review of scientific instruments.2000,71(1).-66-69
[35] Edwards, J. D. Jayawant, B. V., Permanent-magnet linear eddy-current brake with a non-magnetic reaction plate,IEE Proceedings Electric Power Applications.-1999,146(6).-62
[36] Mukhopadhyay, S. C. Ohjj, T. Design Analysis and Control of a New Repulsive-Type Magnetic Bearing, Iee Proceedings Electric Power Applications.- 1999,146(1).-33-40
[37] Takahashi, Norio Kayano, Takeshi Miyata, Koji O,Effect of minor loop on magnetic characteristics of permanent magnet type of MRI,IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.-1999, 35(3).-1893-1896
[38] Faria, R. N. Davies, B.E., Icrostruetural and Magnetic Studies of Cast and Annealed Nd and PrFeCoBZr Alloys and HDDR Materials, Journal of alloys and compounds.-2000, 296(1-2).-223-228
[39] Al-Omari, I. A. Zhou, J. Magnetic and structural properties of SmCo//6． 75-xFe//xZr//0． 25, Compounds Journal of alloys and compounds.-2000,298( 1-2) .-295-298
[40] Faria, R. N. Davies, B. E. Microstructural and magnetic studies of cast and annealed Nd and PrFeCoBZr alloys and HDDR materials, Journal of alloys and compounds.-2000, 296(1-2) .-223-228
[41] Faria, R. N. Brown, D. N. The influence of alloying additions and process parameters on the magnetic properties of PrFeB-based bonded magnets Journal of alloys and compo unds.-2000,296(1-2) .-219-222
[42] Gauss, S. Albering, J.H. Bock, J. Kesten, M. F , Cryotank with superconducting, magnetic suspension of the interior tank , IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.-1999,9(2) .-1004-1007
[43] Watson, J.H. Younas, I., Superconducting discs as permanent magnets for magneticseparation, Materials Science & Engineering B Solid-State Materials for Advance Technology.-1998353(l-2) .-220-24
[44] Kim, Ungtae Lieu, Dennis K., Magnetic field calculation in permanent magnet motors with rotor eccentricity: With slotting effect considered , IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.-1998,34(4 pt).-2253-2266
[45] Mitsumata, Chiharu Kikuchi, Keiko Kobayashi, Tos, Magnetic domain instability in MR heads due to overlaid structure of permanent magnet film , IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.-1998,34(4 pt).-1453-1455
[46] Masaru Ishii Wenwei Liao, Numerical electromagnetic analyssi of impulse votlage measuring systems, IEEE transactions on power delivery.-1999,14(4) .-1228-1233
[47] Poti, L. Bononi, A.,. Impulse Response Measurement of Balanced Chains of EDFA's in a Recirculating Loop , IEEE photonics technology letters.-1999,11(11) .-1384-1386
[48] Schulz, P. A. Hall, K. L, Impulse Response Measurements with 50-GHz Bandwidth, IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters.-1999,9(3) .-120-120
[49] Lin, K. Trends of Digital Signal Processing in Automotive .International Congress on Transportation Electronic (CONVERGENCE 8) ,Ocotober 1988
[SO] J.Bojkovski,T.Repair. A Measurement Communication System.IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference ,1996
[51] Kersey,A.D..A . Dandridge . Application of Fiber-optic Sensors. IEEE Trans. Components .Hybrids Manu. Technology. 1990
[52] Barney. GC. Instruction to Instrumentation and Measurements . John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1996
[53] Diego Bellan , Arnaldo Brandolini. Quantization Effects in Sampling Processes .IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference ,1996