汽油机点火参数测量的研究
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摘要
随着汽车工业的发展,无论是开发设计工程师还是维修服务人员,都迫切需要有价格低廉、携带方便的点火参数测量仪。而目前市场上还没有这样的测量仪。因此,研究低成本的汽油机点火参数测量方法,具有十分重要的意义。
    本文在深入分析国内外汽油机点火参数的测量方法和研究现状的基础上,对汽油机点火参数测量的理论和方法进行了深入的研究。
    首先,在认真分析汽油机电容放电点火系统的工作原理及其点火参数的特性的基础上,提出了汽油机转速、点火提前角、点火电压、点火电流和点火能量的测量方法。
    其次,利用80C196KB单片机中高速输入器(HSI)的特殊功能,完成了汽油机转速和点火提前角的测量。采用高速A/D转换器和先进先出存储器(FIFO),有效地实现了高速数据采集,实现了对点火电压、点火电流的采集。通过仔细的时序分析,解决了高速数据采集模块和低速控制电路之间的速度配合。
    最后,充分考虑了电磁兼容性,针对汽油机点火系统火花放电的强电磁干扰,从硬件设计和软件设计两个方面采取了有效的抗干扰措施,确保测量仪能够正常工作。
    本文的测量方法不仅满足了工程应用的需要,而且具有成本低、体积小的优点,因而具有比较广阔的应用前景,会带来较好的经济效益和社会效益。
With the development of the automobile industry, a low cost portable instrument for ignition parameters in gasoline engine is in high demand by both design engineers and servicemen. The short of such kind of instrument makes it important to develop a low cost method for ignition parameters measurement.
    Based on the of thorough investigation on the related literatures at home and abroad, this thesis is aimed to investigate the theory and measurement methodology of ignition parameters in gasoline engine.
    Firstly, based on the analysis of the principle of the capacitor discharge ignition system in the gasline engine and the characteristics of ignition parameters in the gasline engine, the author proposes the methods of ignition parameters measurement, including the speed of the gasline engine, ignition advance angle, ignition voltage , ignition current and igniton energy.
    Secondly, the author accomplished the measurement of the speed of gasline engine and ignition advance angle utilizing the special function of the high speed input unit(HSI) in the microcontroller of 80C196KB. Then the author has also accomplished the high speed data acquisition of ignition voltage and ignition current by adopting the high speed analog to digital conversion device and the first in and first out memory device(FIFO). Furthermore, the author has successfully matched the speed of high speed data acquisition module and the low speed control module after analysizing of their timing carefully.
    Finally, the authorhas taken into full account the electromagnetic compatiblity. For the strong electro and magnetic interference brought by the sparkle discharge of the ignition system in the gasoline engine, effective anti-interference measures have been taken both in hardware and software so as to assure that the instrument can work normally.
    Not only does the method satisfy the needs of the engineering applications, but also features the virtues of low cost and small volume. So it will find a wide and prospective applications and make benefits both economically and socially.
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